Njengamanje, i-Nevis ingenisa cishe amalitha ayizigidi ze-4.2 kaphethiloli we-diesel ngonyaka, ngezindleko ze-$ 12 million, futhi isifunda saseCaribbean sisebenzisa ngaphezu kwe-$ 4 billion ngonyaka (2009) ekukhiqizeni amandla. Ngokusobala, umthombo omusha wamandla awukona ukunethezeka noma isifiso - uyisidingo! Ukwethulwa kwamandla e-geothermal kuzonciphisa izindleko, kakhulu.
Ngisanda kuhlala noMhlonishwa u-Mark Brantley, iPhini likaNdunankulu kanye noNgqongqoshe Wezokuvakasha wakwa-Nevis, kanye ne-geothermal guru, uBruce Cutright, i-CEO ye-Thermal Energy Partners kanye Nothishanhloko, i-Nevis Renewable Energy, Inc. (NREI), ukuze babuyekeze i-geothermal entsha. lokho kuzoshintsha iNevis ibe yindawo eluhlaza kakhulu eMhlabeni.
Geo - Yini?
NgokukaKermit the Frog, “Akulula ukuba luhlaza.” Uma ubungabuza u-Brantley ukuthi ukusika intambo kuphethiloli wezinto ezimbiwa phansi bese uyishintsha esikhundleni samandla avela ku-geothermal kuyinqubo yesinqumo esiyinselele, cishe ubengavuma. Kuthathe u-Brantley isikhathi esiningi, ukunxenxa kanye nemali ukuze uhulumeni nesifunda sakhe bathenge amandla e- geothermal.
Amandla e-Geothermal ukushisa okunamandla ekujuleni komhlaba (okungukuthi, amagiza, iziphethu ezishisayo nezintaba-mlilo). Isebenza kahle kakhulu kunokukhiqiza amandla kadizili futhi ayikhiphi amagesi abamba ukushisa emoyeni. Umhlaba uqhubeka uphehla ukushisa okungaba ama-terawatts angu-44, noma izigidigidi zama-watts, okushisa—okuphindwe kathathu inani lamandla asetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke manje.
U-Brantley wathola umqondo wokushiswa kwe-geothermal ekuqaleni kuka-2000 kodwa ingxube evuthayo yezombusazwe kanye nezomnotho womhlaba wonke yenze iphrojekthi ingabi namandla. Ekugcineni, ngo-2013 isicelo seziphakamiso zokuthuthukiswa kwe-geothermal sagunyazwa ukuba sisatshalaliswe futhi, ngosizo lwe-Deloitte Consulting futhi yaxhaswa ngoHlelo Lomkhakha Wamandla WoMnyango Wezwe WaseMelika - iphrojekthi yayisendleleni enhle.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Nevis Electric Company Limited (NEVLC) kanye ne-Nevis Renewable Energy International Inc (NREI) zigxile ekuhlelweni kwenqubo yokukhipha amathenda neyokuthenga. I-NREI iyingxenye ye-Texas-based Thermal Energy Partners, LLC futhi ithembise ukuqasha, ukuqeqesha nokuqasha amaNevisian ekuthuthukisweni kwesayithi, ukuhlela, ukwakhiwa kanye nokusebenza - noma nini lapho kungenzeka. I-Thermal Energy Partners yinkampani yamandla e-geothermal ehlinzeka ngamandla angaguquguquki, avuselelekayo kanye nawomthwalo wesisekelo kuzinsiza, ingqalasizinda yezimboni kanye nebalulekile.
Ezombusazwe vs. Ezomnotho
Ukushiya i-petroleum ukuze uvune amandla e-geothermal akulula ukuthengisa endaweni ebambelele ngokuqinile esikhathini esedlule. Nakuba amazwe ase-Caribbean enelanga eliningi, umoya, imvula namagagasi olwandle, ukuhlola nokusebenzisa izinhlobo zamandla avuselelekayo ezinobungani nemvelo kube kuncane kakhulu futhi kungavamile. Izizathu zokubambelela ngokuqinile ekubaseni ezimbiwa phansi zibalulwa ngokushesha lapho kuxoxwa ngazo: “Umoya, ilanga, amagagasi?” “Awuthembekile!”
Nakuba ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kuyi-geothermal, akuwona wonke amazwe esifundeni anesimo sezwe sokuthepha lo mthombo wamandla noma izinketho zoxhaso ukuze ususe amaphrojekthi ezifisweni namaphupho aye eqinisweni. Ukwengeza, kuvame ukuba nzima ukuxhumana ngempumelelo ngezinzuzo zezomnotho, zezenhlalo nezemvelo zokusebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezindleko eziphezulu zokuqalisa, izithakazelo ezinikezwa ezinhlelweni zikaphethiloli wezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi kanye nokulahlekelwa okungase kube khona kanye/noma ukuguqulwa kwamakhono omsebenzi.
I-Geothermal Works ye-Nevis
Izikhungo eziyisikhombisa zentaba-mlilo kanye nemithombo yamanzi ashisayo namachibi amakhulu e-geothermal kukhonjwe ku-Nevis. Ngokungeziwe ku-geography, kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphrojekthi we-geothermal azovula imboni engu-$1 bhiliyoni ngenxa yethuba lokuthekelisa ugesi e-St. Kitts engumakhelwane kanye nendawo ekude njenge-Puerto Rico.
Nokho, kuhlale kunezinhlangothi ezimbili (okungenani) kunoma iyiphi iphrojekthi:
• I-Pro Geothermal Energy
1. Amandla athathwa njengonobungani nemvelo futhi anciphisa ukungcola
2. Amanzi ashisayo afakwa kabusha ngokwemvelo ngakho avuseleleka
3. Ilungele ukuhlangabezana nesidingo samandla omthwalo wesisekelo (okungaguquki - ngokungafani nokunye okuvuselelekayo njengomoya nelanga)
4. Ilungele ukushisisa nokupholisa - ngisho nemizi emincane namabhizinisi azozuza
5. Ukusebenzisa amandla e- geothermal akubandakanyi noma yimaphi amafutha - okuguqulela ekuguquguqukeni kwezindleko eziphansi kanye namanani kagesi azinzile.
6. Izinyathelo ezincane emhlabeni (zingakhiwa kancane ngaphansi komhlaba)
7. Intuthuko yakamuva yezobuchwepheshe (izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe ze-geothermal) zenze izinsiza eziningi zasebenziseka futhi zehlisa izindleko.
8. Ugesi ungaguqulelwa ekushiseni ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa futhi ufinyelele emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kunamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi
9. Ukufakwa kukagesi ngamandla avuselelekayo kusebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ngenxa yalokho kuholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwezidingo zamandla eziyisisekelo njengoba izinto eziningi ezivuselelekayo zingenawo umjikelezo wesitimu nokulahlekelwa okukhulu (izinsalela zamandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi ngokuvamile ziba nokulahlekelwa okungama-40 kuya ku-65%).
10. Ithuthukisa izibopho zikaNevis ngaphansi kweNgqungquthela yeZizwe Ezihlangene Yohlaka Lokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu
11. Izokwenza i-Nevis ingabi sengozini yokuthola amanani kawoyela aguquguqukayo
12. Kungase kuholele ekuxhumekeni kokuqala kukagesi phakathi kwesiqhingi eCaribbean
• I-Con Geothermal Energy
1. Izitshalo zamandla okushisa komhlaba zinezindleko ezinkulu zangaphambili kanye nezinhlelo zokushisisa/zokupholisa geothermal
2. Iqonde kakhulu indawo
3. Okuqhubekayo (okuvuselelekayo) uma amadamu ephethwe yisakhiwo
Phawu
Ukuze kuguqulwe uphethiloli wezinto ezimbiwa phansi uye kumandla okushisa komhlaba, isigaba sokuqala sephrojekthi sizohlinzeka ngogesi ongu-9MW (anganwebeka) ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezisheshayo ze-Nevis kanye namandla okuthekelisa ama-40-50 MW wamandla engeziwe kwezinye iziqhingi. ngaphakathi kwebanga lamamayela angu-50+/-. Idethi okuhloswe ngayo ukushintsha isekupheleni kuka-2017; ngo-2018 kulindeleke ukuthi iNevis ibe isiqhingi esiluhlaza kakhulu - noma yikuphi.
Izindleko ezilinganiselwe zalo msebenzi ziyizigidi ezingu-65 zamaRandi futhi zizothuthukiswa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-geothermal obupholile emoyeni obungawasebenzisi amanzi. Imithombo yoxhaso ihlanganisa i-Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) ngokubambisana ne-InterAmerican Development Bank kanye ne-Japan Aid Agency. I-CDB inezinsiza zokusekela iphrojekthi kusukela esigabeni sokuhlola, ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lwezobuchwepheshe ukuze kuklanywe iphrojekthi kanye nokwakha indawo yokuphehla ugesi kanye nezinsiza ezihlobene ezidingekayo ukusuka ekukhiqizeni kuye ekulethweni kukagesi kumakhasimende.
Okuhle
UMnyango Wezwe LaseMelika unethemba futhi uyawusekela iphrojekthi ye-Nevis geothermal energy futhi, “... nge-Caribbean Energy Security Initiative, ihlose ukusheshisa ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlelo ze-Caribbean Energy ngokusekela ukubusa okuthuthukisiwe, ukwandisa ukufinyelela kwezezimali, nokuthuthukisa ukuxhumanisa abaxhasi. .” m.state.gov/md250002.htma
I-Brantley inethemba futhi ibona ngeso lengqondo i-Nevis enezimoto zikagesi nezinto zokuhamba zomphakathi kanye ne-geothermal yezindlu, amahhotela, izikole kanye nezakhiwo ezizimele nezikahulumeni.
Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi izakhamizi zaseNevis zibheke ngabomvu ukuqaliswa kwephrojekthi - ngoba kuzosho ukulunywa okuncane noma imali engenayo eqokelwe ibhizinisi nemindeni.
UNobhala-Jikelele weNhlangano Yezizwe, u-Ban Ki-moon, usenqume ukuthi amandla avuselelekayo anamandla okuphakamisa amazwe ampofu kakhulu awayise emazingeni amasha okuchuma. Uphinde wanquma ukuthi, “Esikudinga kakhulu ubuholi bezepolitiki obuqinile ukuqhubekisela phambili lolu guquko lwamandla ahlanzekile ngendlela isivinini nesikali esidingekayo. Kudingeka siqinisekise ukuthi inqubomgomo efanele yokukhuthaza kanye nezinqubomgomo zikhona ukuze sivumele imakethe yenze lokho ekwenza kangcono kakhulu: ukusungula ijika lezindleko, futhi yanelise isidingo.
Kubonakala sengathi i-Nevis isendaweni efanele, ngesikhathi esifanele, inomkhiqizo olungile futhi iholwa ngumuntu olungile. Ngephrojekthi ye-geothermal eyimpumelelo u-Nevis uzobe ehola imashi ebheke esimisweni somhlaba wonke esingenazinsalela.
Lo mbhalo we-copyright awunakukhiqizwa kabusha ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliwe evela kumbhali.
