Abacwaningi bashicilele amaphepha amaningana mayelana nokutholwe komoya ka-Juno namuhla ephephabhukwini elithi Science and the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. Amaphepha engeziwe avele kumaphephandaba amabili akamuva e-Geophysical Research Letters.
"Lokhu okuphawuliwe okusha okuvela ku-Juno kuvula isikhwama solwazi olusha mayelana nezici ezingaqondakali ze-Jupiter," kusho u-Lori Glaze, umqondisi wophiko lwesayensi yeplanethi yeNASA endlunkulu yale nhlangano eWashington. “Iphepha ngalinye lisikhanyisela ngezici ezihlukahlukene zezinqubo zomkhathi womhlaba – isibonelo esihle sokuthi amaqembu ethu esayensi ahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke aqinisa kanjani ukuqonda uhlelo lwethu sonozungezilanga.”
U-Juno ungene emzileni we-Jupiter ngo-2016. Phakathi nokudlula ngakunye komkhumbi-mkhathi okungu-37 emhlabeni kuze kube manje, uchungechunge olukhethekile lwamathuluzi luye lwalunguza ngaphansi kwedekhi yawo yamafu enyakazayo.
"Phambilini, uJuno usimangaze ngokuthi izinto ezenzeka emkhathini we-Jupiter zijule kunalokho obekulindelwe," kusho uScott Bolton, umphenyi oyinhloko wakwaJuno ovela eSouthwest Research Institute eSan Antonio nombhali oholayo wephepha le-Journal Science mayelana nokujula kwe-Jupiter's vortices. "Manje, sesiqala ukuhlanganisa zonke lezi zingcezu ngazinye futhi sithole ukuqonda kwethu kokuqala kwangempela kokuthi isimo se-Jupiter esihle nesinodlame sisebenza kanjani - ku-3D."
I-Juno's microwave radiometer (MWR) ivumela ososayensi bemishini ukuthi balunguze ngaphansi kweziqongo zamafu e-Jupiter futhi baphenye ukwakheka kweziphepho zayo eziningi. Edume kakhulu kulezi ziphepho yi-anticyclone eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Great Red Spot. Ngobubanzi kunoMhlaba, le crimson vortex iye yahlaba umxhwele ososayensi kusukela yatholakala cishe emakhulwini amabili eminyaka edlule.
Imiphumela emisha ikhombisa ukuthi izishingishane zifudumala phezulu, zinomoya omncane ophansi, kuyilapho zibanda ngezansi, futhi ziminyene kakhulu. Ama-Anticyclone, azungeza ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanda phezulu kodwa afudumele phansi.
Okutholakele futhi kukhombisa ukuthi lezi zivunguvungu zinde kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelwe, kanti ezinye zinwebeka ngamamayela angu-60 (amakhilomitha ayi-100) ngaphansi kweziqongo zamafu kanti ezinye, okuhlanganisa neGreat Red Spot, ezinwebeka ngaphezu kwamamayela angu-200 (amakhilomitha angu-350). Lokhu kutholwa okumangazayo kubonisa ukuthi ama-vortice amboza izindawo ezingalé kwalezo lapho amanzi ahlangana khona futhi akhe amafu, ngaphansi kokujula lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kufudumeza khona umkhathi.
Ubude nosayizi Wendawo Ebomvu Enkulu kusho ukuhlangana komkhathi ngaphakathi kwesivunguvungu okungase kubonakale ngamathuluzi afunda inkambu yamandla adonsela phansi ye-Jupiter. Ama-Juno flybys amabili asondelene ngaphezu kwendawo edume kakhulu ye-Jupiter anikeze ithuba lokucinga isignesha yamandla adonsela phansi esiphepho futhi agcwalise imiphumela ye-MWR ekujuleni kwayo.
Njengoba u-Juno ehamba phansi phezu kwedekhi yefu ye-Jupiter cishe ngo-130,000 mph (209,000 kph) ososayensi be-Juno bakwazile ukukala izinguquko zesivinini njengamamilimitha angu-0.01 ngomzuzwana besebenzisa i-NASA's Deep Space Network yokulandelela i-antenna, ukusuka ebangeni elingaphezu kwamamayela ayizigidi ezingu-400 (650). amakhilomitha ayizigidi). Lokhu kwenze ithimba likwazi ukucindezela ukujula Kwendawo Enkulu Ebomvu kube amamayela angaba ngu-300 (amakhilomitha angu-500) ngaphansi kweziqongo zamafu.
"Ukunemba okudingekayo ukuze uthole amandla adonsela phansi eGreat Red Spot ngesikhathi sokundiza kukaJulayi 2019 kuyamangaza," kusho uMarzia Parisi, usosayensi weJuno ovela e-NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory eSouthern California kanye nombhali oholayo wephepha ku-Journal Science mayelana nokugcwala kwamandla adonsela phansi emhlabeni. Indawo Ebomvu Enkulu. “Ukwazi ukugcwalisa okutholwe yi-MWR ekujuleni kusinika ithemba elikhulu lokuthi izivivinyo zesikhathi esizayo zamandla adonsela phansi eJupiter zizoveza imiphumela ehlaba umxhwele ngokufanayo.”
Amabhande Nezindawo
Ngaphezu kwezivunguvungu nama-anticyclone, i-Jupiter yaziwa ngamabhande ayo ahlukile nezindawo - amabhande amafu amhlophe nabomvu azungeze iplanethi. Imimoya enamandla yasempumalanga-ntshonalanga ehamba ezinhlangothini eziphambene ihlukanisa amabhendi. Ngaphambilini uJuno wathola ukuthi le mimoya, noma ijet stream, ifinyelela ekujuleni okungamakhilomitha angu-2,000 (cishe amakhilomitha angu-3,200). Abacwaningi basazama ukuxazulula imfihlakalo yokuthi i-jet stream yakheka kanjani. Idatha eqoqwe yi-Juno's MWR ngesikhathi sokudlula kaningi iveza inkomba eyodwa okungenzeka: ukuthi igesi ye-ammonia yasemkhathini ihamba yehla yenyuka ngokuqondana okuphawulekayo nemifudlana yejethi ebhekiwe.
“Ngokulandela i-ammonia, sithole amangqamuzana okusakazwa kwegazi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho naseningizimu afana ngokwemvelo ‘namaseli eFerrel,’ alawula isimo sezulu esiningi lapha eMhlabeni,” kusho uKeren Duer, umfundi oneziqu e-Weizmann Institute. weSayensi kwa-Israel kanye nombhali oholayo wephepha le-Journal Science ngamaseli afana ne-Ferrel ku-Jupiter. “Nakuba uMhlaba unengqamuzana elilodwa leFerrel endaweni ngayinye, iJupiter ineziyisishiyagalombili - ngalinye lilikhulu ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-30.”
Idatha ye-MWR ka-Juno iphinde ibonise ukuthi amabhande nezindawo ziba noshintsho cishe ngamamayela angu-40 (amakhilomitha angu-65) ngaphansi kwamafu amanzi e-Jupiter. Ekujuleni okungashoni, amabhande e-Jupiter akhanya kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwe-microwave kunezindawo ezingomakhelwane. Kodwa emazingeni ajulile, ngaphansi kwamafu amanzi, okuphambene kuyiqiniso - okuveza ukufana nezilwandle zethu.
"Leli zinga silibiza ngokuthi 'i-Jovicline' ngokufanisa nongqimba oluguquguqukayo olubonakala olwandle olwandle, olwaziwa ngokuthi i-thermocline - lapho amanzi olwandle eshintsha kakhulu esuka ekubeni afudumele adlulele ekubeninda," kusho uLeigh Fletcher, usosayensi weJuno waseNyuvesi. yaseLeicester e-United Kingdom kanye nombhali oholayo wephepha ku-Journal of Geophysical Research: Amaplanethi agqamisa ukubonwa kukaJuno kuma-microwave amabhande nezindawo ezipholile ze-Jupiter.
Izivunguvungu ze-Polar
U-Juno ngaphambilini uthole ukuhlelwa kwe-polygonal yeziphepho ezinkulu zama-cyclonic kuzo zombili izigxobo ze-Jupiter - eziyisishiyagalombili zihlelwe ngephethini ye-octagonal enyakatho futhi ezinhlanu zihlelwe ngephethini ye-pentagonal eningizimu. Manje, eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, ososayensi bemishini abasebenzisa ukuqaphela komkhumbi-mkhathi i-Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) banqume ukuthi lezi zenzakalo zomkhathi ziyakwazi ukumelana nokuqina ngokwedlulele, zihlale endaweni efanayo.
"Izivunguvungu zeJupiter zithinta ukunyakaza komunye nomunye, zibangele ukuthi zinyakaze mayelana nesimo sokulingana," kusho u-Alessandro Mura, umphenyi we-Juno e-National Institute for Astrophysics e-Rome kanye nomlobi oholayo wephepha lakamuva ku-Geophysical Research Letters mayelana ne-oscillations nokuzinza. ku-Jupiter's polar cyclones. "Ukuziphatha kwalokhu kuhamba kancane kuphakamisa ukuthi kunezimpande ezijulile."
Idatha ye-JIRAM iphinda ikhombise ukuthi, njengeziphepho eMhlabeni, lezi zishingishane zifuna ukuya ngasemaphethelweni, kodwa izishingishane ezitholakala maphakathi nesigxobo ngasinye zizibuyisela emuva. Le bhalansi ichaza lapho izishingishane zihlala khona kanye nezinombolo ezihlukene esigxotsheni ngasinye.
