Izinkampani zezindiza zilangazelela ukuthola umkhumbi wazo we-Boeing 737 MAX undize futhi. Inqubo yokugunyazwa kabusha kwe-737 MAX izodinga ukuphinda uthole ukuzethemba kochwepheshe bezokuphepha, abashayeli bezindiza, nabanakekeli basendizeni. Ukwengeza, kudinga ukubuyisa ukuzethemba kwabagibeli nomphakathi. Inqubo kuze kube manje igubuzelwe imfihlo, futhi abagibeli abamele iFlyers Rights babikezela abagibeli izoyiduba i-Boeing 737 MAX uma inqubo ibonakala sengathi iyashesha, eyimfihlo, ephikisanayo, futhi engaphelele.
I-Boeing, nangawo wonke ama-akhawunti omphakathi, i-FAA, ibonakala iphikelela ukulungisa izenzo zabo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abashayeli bezindiza abadingi ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe. Kusukela ngosuku lokuqala lokuhlelwa kwe-737 MAX, i-Boeing igqugquzelwe isifiso sokunciphisa
(1) izindleko zokulawula zokuqinisekisa i-MAX njengomndeni omusha wezindiza kanye
(2) izindleko zokuqeqesha zokuqinisekisa ukuthi abashayeli bezindiza bayazazi izici ezintsha nendlela yokusabela ezinkingeni ezingenakwenzeka, kodwa ezaziwayo.
I-Flyers Rights iphinda ikhale insimbi ye-alamu
I-FAA kanye ne-DOT ayenze yaba sobala inqubo yokunquma ukuthi izoyivula nini futhi nini i-737 MAX. Nakuba uphenyo olunjengoCwaningo-Jikelele Komhloli We-DOT Yenqubo Yokunikwa Kwesitifiketi Se-FAA ye-737 kufanele kuhlale kuzimele futhi kuyimfihlo kuze kuqedwe, uphenyo olubili oluqokwe i-DOT ne-FAA luhlale luyimfihlo futhi luvaliwe emibonweni yangaphandle. Okukhathaza kakhulu ukuthi i-FAA isayine ukuthi ngeke ilinde ukuthi noma yiluphi uphenyo luphothulwe ngaphambi kokukhulula i-737 MAX. Uphenyo luhlanganisa uphenyo lwe-DOT IG, i-Joint Authorities Technical Review, Iphaneli ye-DOT “yeRibhoni Eliluhlaza” le-DOT, uphenyo lobugebengu be-FBI, kanye nophenyo lweCongressional.
Indawo eyodwa lapho umphakathi, okuhlanganisa nochwepheshe abazimele bezokuphepha, bengakwazi ukuveza imibono yabo kungokwamazwana alapha ngesinqumo esihlongozwayo se-Flight Standardization Board sokuqhubeka singadingi ukuqeqeshwa kwesilingisi sabashayeli bezindiza be-737 MAX. Kulapha lapho i-FlyersRights.org, egameni labagibeli bezindiza, ingatshela i-FAA ukuthi yehlise ijubane inqubo yayo yokugunyaza kabusha i-737 MAX, ukuze icabangele imibono yochwepheshe abazimele, futhi iqede “inzuzo phezu kokuphepha. ” isondela kulokho okukhuthaze i-Boeing ukuthi ilulaze izinguquko ezenziwe ku-737 MAX emzamweni wayo wokuthengisa indiza njenge-737 ku-FAA, ezinkampane zezindiza, nasemphakathini.
Ukufaka izinjini ezinkudlwana, ezonga uphethiloli kumfusela ofanayo kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960, ngenkathi kuzanywa nokunciphisa izinguquko zangaphandle nezisobala ezingadonsa ukunaka kwe-FAA futhi zidinga ngokusobala ukuqeqeshwa okukhulu komshayeli, kuholele ekutheni uBoeing enze isiphakamiso sesoftware. ukulungisa: MCAS.
Inkinga kuphela nge-MCAS, nokho, ukuthi bekuwucezu lwesoftware olubhalwe kabi1 ukuthembela engeli eyodwa kuphela enephutha yokufaka inzwa yokuhlasela 2, ubukhona bazo obungadalulwanga ezinkampanini zezindiza noma kubashayeli bezindiza3, esebenze ngendlela ehlukile kunalokho ebikulindele i-Boeing futhi yatshela i-FAA, futhi lokho bekungeke kukhishwe, ezimeni ezithile zokundiza.5, ngokulandela izinhlu zokuhlola ezinikezwe i-Boeing.
Futhi nakuba i-Boeing ibonakala isasebenza kulokho kulungiswa kwesofthiwe, iqinisekisa ukuthi izici zokungaphelelwa umsebenzi ezibhekwa njengezokuzithandela yi-FAA ziyafakwa, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zici zokungafuneki zisebenza njengoba kukhangisiwe, Ibhodi Le-Flight Standardization ye-FAA lisaphakamisa ukuthi azikho izimfuneko zokuqeqeshwa kwesilingisi. Lesi siphakamiso ayisekelwe i-Allied Pilots Association, uKapteni Sully Sullenberger, abanye ochwepheshe bezokundiza nesofthiwe, kanye nomphakathi.
NgokukaKapteni John Cox, owake waba yisikhulu esiphezulu sezokuphepha se-Air Line Pilots Association, i-MCAS idala isimo esifana nesiqinisi esibalekayo. Kodwa isenzo sokulungisa inkinga ye-stabilizer ebalekile, inqubo ye-"roller coaster", ayizange ifakwe ezincwadini zokuqeqesha esikhathini esithile ngemva kuka-1982. UCaptain Cox uthe i-runaway stabilizer yayeka ukuba yinkinga ngemva kwe-737-200.6. Ukuqala nge-737-300, "umkhiqizo uthembeke kangangokuba awuzange ube nakho lokho kwehluleka."
Le nqubo "ye-roller coaster" ayizwakali. Uma ibifakwe kubhukwana lokuhlola, abashayeli bezindiza kungenzeka ukuthi balungise amaphutha e-MCAS.
I-Allied Pilots Association iphikisene ngokuthi izidingo zokuqeqeshwa ezihlongozwayo azanele. I-APA ithi ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe kwama-computer “ngeke kunikeze izinga lokuzethemba kubashayeli bezindiza ukuba bangagcini nje ngokuzizwa bekhululekile ukushayela indiza kodwa futhi badlulisele lokho kuqiniseka emphakathini ojikelezayo.”
Ukapteni Sully Sullenberger uthi “uvumelana ngenhliziyo yonke ngokungagodli” namazwana afakwe lapha.
Okunamathiselwe kokuqala kuyisimemezelo sika-Gregory Travis, unjiniyela we-software onokuhlangenwe nakho kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 kanye nomshayeli wendiza onesipiliyoni seminyaka engaphezu kwengama-30. U-Gregory Travis uthi i-MCAS idinga ukususwa ngokuphelele futhi i-airframe engu-737 MAX kufanele ishintshwe ukuze kuqedwe ukungazinzi kwayo okungokwemvelo kwe-longitudinal.
Okunamathiselwe kwesibili yisitatimende esivela kuMongameli we-Travelers United uCharles Leocha.
Okunamathiselwe kwesithathu nokokugcina ukuphawula kokuqala kwe-FlyersRights.org, okuthunyelwe ngo-April 30, 2019.
Isiphetho
Ngokucabangela uchungechunge lwamaphutha olulandelayo, ukulungiswa kwesofthiwe ye-MCAS okugunyazwe ngokushesha i-FAA, ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izimfuneko zokuqeqeshwa kwesifanisi somshayeli, akwamukelekile emphakathini ondizayo.
Isinqumo sikaBoeing sokubeka izinjini ezintsha kuma-fuselages akhona angu-737 esikhundleni sokuqala ngohlaka oluzokwazi ukusekela izinjini.
Ukwehluleka kwe-Boeing ukubuyekeza nokuqonda kahle i-MCAS nezindlela zayo zokwehluleka
Ukwehluleka kwe-Boeing ukuxwayisa i-FAA ngomthamo we-MCAS wama-degree angu-2.5, amakhulu kuno-0.6 degrees okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambilini
Ukwehluleka kwe-Boeing ukwazisa abashayeli bezindiza be-MCAS
Isinqumo se-Boeing ne-FAA sokungafaki i-MCAS e-United States kanye namabhukwana okuhlola aseYurophu
Isinqumo se-Boeing ne-FAA sokungadingi ukuphinda kuncishiswe i-engeli yezinzwa zokuhlasela
Isinqumo se-FAA sokuhlukanisa isilinganiso sokwehluleka kwe-AOA “njengesiyingozi” futhi singaphoqeleli isidingo sokuphinda sisetshenziswe, naphezu kokwehluleka kwenzwa ye-AOA okwenzeka njalo kaningi kunalokho okuvunyelwe ngaphansi “kokulinganisa okuyingozi”
Isinqumo se-Boeing ne-FAA sokungadingi i-engeli yezifudumezi zenzwa yokuhlasela ukuthi zisebenze, ngokusho kwe-MMEL.
Ukwehluleka kwesoftware ye-Boeing ukukhomba ukuthi ukufundwa bekunephutha ngoba ukuguqulwa kwayo okusheshayo bekungenzeki ngokwesakhiwo.
Isinqumo se-FAA sokungadingi, njengoba izici zokuphepha, i-AOA ingavumelani nesibani nesibonisi se-AOA
Ukwehluleka kwe-Boeing ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isici esisodwa ongasikhetha, uma sithengwa ngokwehlukana, sizosebenza lapho esinye isici singathengwa inkampani yezindiza.
Ukwehluleka kwe-Boeing ne-FAA ukuqhuba izindiza zokuhlola ezilingisa ukufundwa okuyiphutha kwe-AOA
Izinqubo zezimo eziphuthumayo ezinganele ze-Boeing, ezilandelwe abashayeli bezindiza be-Ethiopian Airlines
Ukwehluleka kwe-Boeing ukuvumela abashayeli bezindiza ukuthi banqamule i-MCAS ngaphandle kokunqamula umshini wokuzinzisa.
Kuze kube yilapho i-FAA izibophezela ukulinda kuze kuphothulwe uphenyo ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi izovulwa nini futhi nini i-737 MAX, inqubo izobe isisheshisiwe. Noma yikuphi ukususwa komhlaba ngalesi sikhathi kungaphambi kwesikhathi. Noma isiphi isiphakamiso esingagunyazi ukuqeqeshwa kwezifanisi zabashayeli bezindiza senza kube lula uchungechunge lwezehlakalo ezibangele lokhu kuphahlazeka okubili futhi sizobonisa ukuqhubeka phambili kwe-FAA okubalulekile ukuze kuzuze ukuhweba ngaphezu kokuphepha.
I-FlyersRights.org icela isikhathi esandisiwe sesikhathi sokuphawula komphakathi ekubuyekezweni kwe-17 kombiko we-Flight Standardization Board. Egameni lomphakathi ojikelezayo, sicela izinsuku ezingeziwe ezingu-7 ukuze ochwepheshe bezokuphepha, abashayeli bezindiza, nabanye bathumele imibono yabo ku-FAA.
Ukugunyazwa kabusha kwe-Boeing 737 MAX kuyintshisekelo enkulu emphakathini jikelele futhi kufanele uphenyo olugcwele. Ngemuva kokuphahlazeka okubili phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha zodwa, zombili zenzeka phakathi neminyaka emibili yokuqala yenkonzo yezohwebo ye-MAX, umphakathi udinga ukuqinisekiswa ukuthi lezi zindiza ziphephile nokuthi i-FAA ne-Boeing benza konke okusemandleni ukubeka phambili ukuphepha kwe-737 MAX. nazo zonke ezinye izindiza. Ukufeza lokho, isikhathi esengeziwe siyadingeka ukuze ochwepheshe abazimele bezokuphepha beze ngaphambili ukuze babelane ngobungcweti babo nezinto ezibakhathazayo.
UPaul Hudson pumhlali, i-FlyersRights.org ifune:
Egameni labagibeli bezindiza, sicela isikhathi esengeziwe sokuqoqa nokukhuthaza ochwepheshe bezokuphepha ukuthi bathumele imibono yabo ku-FAA. Isikhathi sokubeka amazwana sivulwe izinsuku zebhizinisi eziyi-10 kuphela. Ngokucutshungulwa kwesinqumo esisalindile se-FAA sokukhetha okungenani okunzima
ushintsho olutholakalayo, “Izinga B Lomehluko”, isikhathi esinwetshiwe sokuphawula ngeke sidale ukubandlulula i-FAA nanoma yimuphi umbambiqhaza. Nakuba i-Boeing ingase ifune ukuthi i-737 MAX iphinde iqinisekiswe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, asiboni isizathu sokuthi i-FAA ifune ukubeka ukuphepha engcupheni, noma ibonakale ibeka ukuphepha engozini, ngokuqinisekisa kabusha i-737 MAX ngokushesha futhi ibeke izimpilo eziningi engozini.
Ukuphahlazeka kweLion Air, ukuphahlazeka kwe-Ethiopian Airlines, ezinye izinkinga ezibikiwe nge-737 MAX, imibiko yezindaba evelele yezinkinga zefekthri ye-Boeing 787 South Carolina, kanye nokwenqaba kwe-US Air Force ukwamukela i-KC-46 ngemuva kokuthola izinto zangaphandle kuholele ekutheni eduze nokulahlekelwa okuphelele kokuthenjwa kobuqotho bombuso wezokuphepha we-FAA kanye ne-Boeing. Ochwepheshe bezokuphepha, abashayeli bezindiza, abalindi basendizeni, nabagibeli basala bezibuza ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izinto eziyingozi zokuphepha ezikhona endizeni eshiwo ngenhla nakwezinye izindiza.
Uma ukuzethemba komphakathi kungabuyi, abagibeli abaningi ngeke bagweme kuphela ukuhamba nge-737 MAX, bangase bakugweme ukundiza nge-787 nezinye izindiza ze-Boeing. Lokhu kungenzeka vele kuyenzeka emhlabeni jikelele njengoba izindiza zicabange ukukhansela ama-oda e-737 MAX.
Izikhathi ezijwayelekile zokuphawula ngaphansi koMthetho Wenqubo Yokuphatha (i-APA) zihlinzekela okungenani isikhathi sokuphawula sezinsuku ezingama-30. I-APA idinga isikhathi esincane sokuphawula esiyizinsuku ezingama-30 ngaphandle kwemithetho yokutolika kanye nesizathu esihle esibonisiwe. Ngaphandle uma kunesandiso esilinganiselwe esinikiwe, ngemva kokulinganisa isidingo sekhambi elisheshayo ngokumelene nesidingo senqubo ebanzi nevulekile yokunquma ngalelo khambi, kuyoba nokuntuleka kwenqubo efanele lapha. Izindiza ezingaphephile zingase zisuswe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kubeke engcupheni abagibeli nokuphepha komphakathi, futhi i-FAA izolahlekelwa ukwethenjwa komphakathi okwengeziwe. 2
Iphawula ngesiphakamiso se-FAA Sokungagunyazi Ukuqeqeshwa Kwesifanisi
I-FlyersRights.org incoma ngokuqinile ukuthi i-FAA idinga ukuqeqeshwa kwesifanisi esicini se-MCAS kubo bonke abashayeli bezindiza be-737 MAX ngaphambi kokuba indiza eyodwa ibuyele emoyeni.
I-Allied Pilots Association iveze ukuthi ukulungiswa okuhlongozwayo yi-FAA akuhambi ngokwanele ngoba akubandakanyi ukuqeqeshwa kwesilingisi. Inhlangano yabashayeli bezindiza i-Allied Pilots Association ithe imfuneko yokuba nesikhathi esengeziwe sekhompyutha ngeke nje yehluleke ukubuyisela ukuzethemba kubashayeli bayo ekushayeleni indiza, kodwa izohluleka ukubuyisela ukuzethemba emphakathini ngokundiza endizeni. I-American Airlines ithe ibheka ezinye izindlela zokuqeqesha, kodwa inkampani yezindiza ngayinye akufanele izibeke esimweni esingesihle kwezomnotho uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindiza ukuze izuze ukuphepha okufanele igunyazwe kuzo zonke izinkampani zezindiza.
Ulwazi olusha luvela ngokuqhubekayo usuku nosuku. Namuhla, 30 Ephreli, umnqamulajuqu wokuphawula komphakathi, i-Wall Street Journal ibike ukuthi isignali yokungavumelani ye-AOA yokuzithandela ayizange isebenze njengoba bekulindelekile. Yayihloselwe ukuthi ibe isici esizimele kodwa ibingasebenzi uma inkampani yezindiza ingazange futhi ithenge ukuthuthukiswa kokuzithandela kwesikhombi se-AOA.
Umkhulumeli wakamuva ubike ukuthi ubone udoti oxegayo olimaza izintambo zezinzwa ze-AOA ku-737 MAX. Nakuba i-Boeing iphika lesi simangalo esiqondile, i-New York Times ibike ngombiko ohlukile wefekthri i-Boeing 787 South Carolina othe ubone izindiza zigunyazwe nemfucumfucu kuzo futhi utshelwe abaphathi ukuthi bakushaya indiva ukwephulwa komthetho. I-US Air Force iyekile ukwamukela ukudiliva indiza i-Boeing KC-46 ngoba kutholakale imfucumfucu ngaphakathi endizeni. Lena iphethini yokungaziphathi kahle okumele iphenywe ngokugcwele yi-FAA nabaphenyi abazimele ngaphambi kokuthi i-FAA iqhubeke nokuphusha kwayo ukuze iphinde iqinisekise kabusha i-737 MAX.
I-FAA kufanele yehlise lokhu kugijima okuyaluza, okuyimfihlo ukuze ivumele i-737 MAX ukuthi ibuyele esibhakabhakeni ize ithole sonke isithombe kochwepheshe abazimele, abashayeli bezindiza, nabanye.
Isikhathi esifushane senze ukuphawula okugcwele kungenzeki futhi kungenzeka kuvimbele abanye ukuthi babelane ngokugcwele ngobuchule babo, ulwazi, kanye nolwazi lwabo.
SOURCE: www.flyersrights.org
