Rekhoda ihlobo elishisayo ngezindiza eziya eGreece naseTurkey

Ngokombiko wakamuva wezimboni, ukuhamba ngendiza okuya ekhoneni eliseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Europe kweqe kakhulu amazinga angaphambi kobhubhane (2019) ezinyangeni zasehlobo eziphezulu zikaJulayi no-Agasti. Izindawo ezimbili ezinkulukazi, iTurkey neGreece, zombili zeqe amazinga angaphambi kobhubhane lokufika kwezivakashi zamazwe ngamazwe ngo-9% no-2% ngokulandelana.

Ukuhamba ngendiza okuya e-Albania (indawo encane uma kuqhathaniswa enesabelo semakethe esingaphansi kuka-1% sabafika bezindiza base-Europe) nakho kukhuphuke ngo-28%.

Yize zingekho ezinye izindawo ezinkulu okuyiwa kuzo eziphinde zathola izinombolo ezabonwa ngo-2019, iSlovenia, i-7% kuphela phansi, i-Iceland, i-8% phansi, nePortugal, i-10% phansi, yasondela.

Uhlu lwezindawo zamadolobha ezenza kahle kakhulu beluphethwe yi-Istanbul, eqophe ukwanda okungama-2% kwabafika endizeni. Ilandelwe i-Athens, i-7% phansi, i-Reykjavik ne-Porto, kokubili i-8% phansi, ne-Malaga, i-13% yehla.

Izici ezinkulu eziqhuba ukusebenza okuqinile kwe igalikuni zihlanganisa ukwehla okuqhubekayo kwenani le-lira yaseTurkey kanye nokuvuleleka kwayo emakethe yaseRussia, kusukela lapho izindiza eziqondile eziya eningi laseYurophu ziye zavinjelwa. Ehlobo lika-2019 abantu baseRussia babalelwa ku-4% wabo bonke abafika eYurophu, kanti ngo-2022, lokhu kwehle kakhulu. Greece isebenze kakhulu njengendawo okuyiwa kuyo kulo lonke lolu bhubhane ngokusebenzisa imikhawulo yokuvakasha ye-COVID-19 evumela izivakashi.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezimakethe zomsuka kuveza ukuthi ngaphakathi kwe-Europe, i-Greece ifakazele ukuthi iqine kakhulu, ngokusuka ezindaweni zase-Europe ngoJulayi nango-Agasti okuhambisana namazinga ka-2019. Ilandelwa iPoland, i-9% phansi, iSpain, i-12% phansi, i-UK, i-13% phansi, i-Denmark, i-14% phansi kanye ne-Portugal 15% phansi. Sekukonke, ukusuka kwe-Intra-European kwaba ngama-22% phansi.

Imakethe eqinile engaphandle kwe-Europe bekuyi-USA, yehle ngo-5% ngo-2019. Yalandelwa yi-Colombia ne-Israel, womabili aphansi ngo-9%, iNingizimu Afrika, phansi ngo-10%, iMexico 12% phansi, kanye neCanada neKuwait, womabili amaphesenti ayi-13. phansi. Sekukonke, izimakethe zemvelaphi engaphandle kwe-Europe beziphansi ngama-31%.

Izindawo zaseYurophu bezingase zihehe izivakashi eziningi phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo ukube imboni yezokundiza ibikwazi kangcono ukubhekana nokwanda kwesidingo sokuhamba ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ukube bekungekho ukuphazamiseka, abahlaziyi bezimboni balinganisela ukuthi ukululama ekubhukheni indiza kwamazwe aseYurophu bekuyoba phezulu ngamaphesenti amahlanu.

Yize kukhulunywa kakhulu ngokuwohloka komnotho kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali okulimaza amathuba okuthi umuntu aphinde abuyele emuva kobhubhane, isimo sihlala sisihle. NgoJulayi nango-Agasti, ukuhamba ngendiza kulo lonke elaseYurophu kwehle ngo-26%, nokho, umbono wezinyanga ezintathu ezizayo ukhombisa ukuthi ngama-31^st Ngo-Agasti, ukubhukha kwendiza bekungemuva ngo-21% ngesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2019, nokubhukha eTurkey naseGreece ngo-20% no-5% ngokulandelana. Izindawo ezilandelayo ezibhukhelwe kahle kakhulu okwamanje yiPortugal, ngemuva ngo-3%, i-Iceland, ngemuva ngo-7% neSpain, ngemuva ngo-15%.

Izimakethe zemvelaphi eqinile ziholwa yi-UK, lapho isidingo sendiza esiphumayo ezinyangeni ezintathu ezizayo siphansi ngo-2% uma siqhathaniswa nangaphambi kwalolu bhubhane. Ilandelwa yiSpain, 3% ngemuva, USA, 5%, Ireland 6%, Germany 11%.

Ukululama kulo bhubhane kuqhubekile naphezu kwezinxushunxushu zokuhamba kanye nokwehliswa kwamandla okubangelwa ukushoda kwabasebenzi. Njengamanje, ukubhuka okuya phambili kohambo lokungcebeleka kubonisa ukuqhubeka nokululama ekuhambeni ngendiza, ngemva kobhubhane; futhi, okukhuthazayo, ukubhukha kwebhizinisi kuyakhula. Kodwa-ke, abahlaziyi bezimboni basawuqaphile umbono ngoba impi eqhubekayo e-Ukraine kanye nomthelela wamanani kagesi ozoba khona kuzothinta kabi umnotho waseYurophu, okungase kunciphise ukuzethemba kwabathengi kanye nesidingo sezinkampani. Sesikushilo lokho, njengamanje kunenqwaba yokubhukha izindiza ngesikhathi sekwindla kanye noKhisimusi, okungase kuholele ekuphazamisekeni kwendiza uma ubunzima bakamuva bokuqashwa embonini yezindiza buqhubeka.