Ukulala nesitha – uma singafundi ukuphila nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu siyaphela!

Indaba enkulu kunazo zonke empilweni yethu - inganekwane yezilinganiso ezimangalisayo. Isakhiwo kuze kube manje: Ngabe ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kusithinta kanjani futhi sibhekana kanjani nakho?

Ayikho inkulumo-mpikiswano ezifundeni ezifana neSeychelles yokuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuyenzeka. Kunalokho, iphuzu liwukuthi, ingabe sibhekana kanjani nale gorilla engamakhilo angu-500 ekamelweni? Ososayensi, abenzi bezinqubomgomo kanye nezinhlangano ezizimele bonke bayavumelana ukuthi zimbili kuphela izindlela zokulwa nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Okukodwa kwaziwa ngokuthi ukuncishiswa okubhekisela kuzinqubomgomo nezinyathelo eziklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi Elihlaza Lendlu. Okunye ukujwayela okubandakanya ukulungiswa noma izinguquko ezinqumweni, kungaba ezingeni likazwelonke, lendawo noma lomuntu ngamunye okwandisa ukuqina noma ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Isibonelo, ukuthutha imigwaqo nengqalasizinda iye phakathi nezwe ukusuka ogwini ukuze kwehliswe ukuba sengozini yeziphepho kanye nokuphakama kwezinga lolwandle kuyizibonelo zokuzijwayeza kwangempela. Kithina eSeychelles ukuzivumelanisa nezimo yisona sixazululo esingasebenza ngaso.

Abantu Bamele Asolwe

Eminyakeni engu-20 edlule i-Seychelles ihlangabezane neziphepho, izimvula ezinamandla, amagagasi angavamile, amanzi olwandle ashisayo, i-El Nino ne-El Nina. Indoda esika utshani bami, njengabo bonke abantu baseSeychellois, ibikwazi kahle lokhu. Cishe eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, ngemva kokunyamalala isikhathi esithile ukuvela kwakhe isivakashi kungazelelwe engadini yami kwachazwa 'uMphathi, u-El Nino pe don mon poum' (Umphathi, u-El Nino unginikeza izinkathazo). Nokho-ke ihlaya lingaphenduka inhlekelele. Ngo-1997 nango-1998 izimvula ezibangelwa u-El Nino zadala izinhlekelele ezibangele umonakalo olinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-30 kuya ku-35 zama-Rupees.

Lezi zinto ezibizwa ngokuthi izinhlekelele, ezimweni eziningi, zinezimpande zazo ohlotsheni oluthile lwabantu abakholelwa ukuthi bazi kangcono kunabo bonke abanye. Laba ngabantu abathatha izindlela ezinqamulelayo ezakhiweni, abacasha kuma- physical planner futhi abaklolodelayo ngonjiniyela bezakhiwo. Bagawula amagquma, baphambukise izitimu, basuse ikhava yezitshalo, bakhe izindonga emabhishi, babuyisele amaxhaphozi futhi babasa imililo engalawuleki. Okuvame ukwenzeka inhlekelele: ukudilika komhlaba, ukuwa kwamadwala, izikhukhula, ukulahlekelwa amabhishi, ukusha kwehlathi kanye nokuwa kwezakhiwo. Abagcinanga ngokuxhaphaza imvelo kodwa ekugcineni bona kanye nabanye. Ezimweni eziningi nguHulumeni, izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi kanye nezinkampani zomshwalense okufanele zithathele phezulu.

Bye Bye Beaches

Umngane omuhle ufisa ukuthengisa lokho abantu abaningi abangakubheka njengempahla ephambili engasebhishi. Ubonile ukunyakaza kwamagagasi namagagasi kuguquguquka eminyakeni eminingana futhi ukholelwa ukuthi impahla yakhe isengozini enkulu yokuwela olwandle.

Wonke umuntu uyasikhumbula isiphepho esimangalisayo esihlasele ezinye zeziqhingi zethu ngonyaka odlule. Encwadini eyanyatheliswa yiBhange Lomhlaba kanye noHulumeni waseSeychelles ngo-1995 ngangibikezele ukuthi kuzoshayisana iziphepho nokuthuthukiswa kogu. “Ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kungenzeka kubhebhethekise imithelela yentuthuko engazinzile yezindawo ezisogwini nezinsizakusebenza. Ngokulandelayo, le mithelela izokwandisa kakhulu ubungozi bezindawo ezisogwini ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu kanye nokukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle okuhambisana nakho.”

Kodwa akukhona lokho kuphela! Imithelela emibi kakhulu yokuqubuka kwesiphepho yangonyaka odlule ibonakale ezindaweni lapho ingqalasizinda ibekwe phezu kwezindunduma zesihlabathi noma ama-berms. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imigwaqo njengase-Anse a la Mouche lapho ezinye izingxenye zisezindaweni ezinezindunduma, kanye nezakhiwo nezindonga njengalezo zaseBeau Vallon ezakhiwe ogwini lolwandle olomile. Sizifake endleleni yamandla okungekho muntu ongawalawula. Okungcono kakhulu esingakwenza ukuhlela intuthuko entsha ngokwalowo mugqa wokubuyela emuva odumile esihlala sikhuluma ngawo kodwa inhlonipho embalwa.

Ake sikhulume ngomjuluko baby...

Awunaphutha uma uzizwa ujuluka kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Ososayensi manje sebebonise ukuthi ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kubangela ukwanda komswakama futhi abantu bajuluke kakhulu. Amazinga okushisa afudumele kanye nomswakama ophezulu kuzoba nomthelela empilweni nasenhlalakahleni yabantu kanye nezilwane zasendle. Abantu abadala bazoba sengozini. Abavakashi bangathola izimo zase-Seychelles zingakhululeki kakhulu noma bahlale ekhaya ngoba kubanda kancane.

Ucwaningo olusha olushicilelwe kujenali ehlonishwayo i-Nature lukhombisa ukuthi ngo-2027 iSeychelles izongena endaweni eshisayo engakaze ibe khona ngaphambili. Ngamanye amazwi unyaka obanda kakhulu eSeychelles ngemva kuka-2027 uzofudumala kunonyaka oshisa kakhulu owake waba nawo kule minyaka engu-150 edlule. Ababhali bocwaningo babiza leli phuzu “njengokusuka kwesimo sezulu.”

Kudingeka siqale ukuzivumelanisa neSeychelles eshisa kakhulu ngokuklama kabusha ingqalasizinda. Izakhiwo ezintsha nezindlu zidinga ukuklanywa ukuze zipholile ngokuthatha “izakhiwo eziluhlaza”. Amafeni asebenzisa amandla elanga kanye neziphephetha-moya kufanele kube yinsakavukela emabhilidini amadala. Impela, kufanele ngabe sicwaninga ukuthi yiziphi izihlahla ezingapholisa izindawo zasemadolobheni ngokushesha ngomthunzi kanye nokuphefumula.

IZwi F

Igama elingu-F kuleli cala elithi Ukudla. Ngifuna ukuxoxa ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokushoda kokudla okuzayo. ISeychelles ikleliswe endaweni yokugcina e-Afrika mayelana nokutshalwa kwezimali kwezolimo. Okubekwe phezulu kulesi simo esibi kakhulu kuza nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Isimo sezulu esibi sithinte kakhulu ezolimo eSeychelles. Izimvula ezina ngezikhathi ezithile zilimaza amapulazi futhi isomiso esithatha isikhathi eside sidala ukwehluleka kanye nobunzima. Ububanzi nokusabalalisa kwezinhlobo zezinambuzane kuyenyuka ngenxa yemvula ephezulu kanye nokwanda komswakama kanye nezinga lokushisa.

I-Seychelles nayo ine-carbon footprint enkulu kunazo zonke e-Afrika. Ingxenye enhle yalokhu ivela ekuthembeleni kakhulu emikhiqizweni ethengwa kwamanye amazwe ehlanganisa iphesenti eliphezulu lezinto zokudla. Kudingeka izindlela ezintsha zokudala ukulima okufanelekile ukuze kwakhiwe ukusimama komphakathi kanye nemvelo. Kufanele sithathe ezolimo sidlulele kwamanye amapulazi esintu futhi sikwenze kube yinto ekhathaza wonke umuntu ukuze sibe nohlelo lukazwelonke lokukhiqiza ukudla olunobuhlakani besimo sezulu. Kufanele sikusekele ngenkuthalo ukulinywa kwengadi kwemizi nemiphakathi ezweni lonke futhi sifundise amasu okusebenza kwesimo sezulu kanye ne-eco-agriculture. Eminye yemibono engiyisabalalisile “ukuhlelwa kwezindawo ezidliwayo” okungenzeka kuzo zonke izindawo zethu zasemadolobheni.

Ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuyangigulisa

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungase kwenyuse izinsongo zeChikungunya, Dengue nezinye izifo ezisakazwa omiyane ngezindlela eziningi. Enye indlela iwukwandisa amazinga okushisa okuchuma ngaphansi kwawo izifo eziningi nomiyane, futhi enye ngokushintsha izindlela zokuna kwemvula ukuze amanzi engeziwe atholakale endaweni ezungezile ukuze omiyane bazale.

Izikhulu zezempilo ziphakamise ukuthi kusungulwe umthetho wokulawula omiyane futhi usetshenziswe ngokuqinile njengaseSingapore naseMalaysia. Lokhu kanye nezinye izinyathelo kuyaphuthuma njengoba ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungase kubangele ukwanda komiyane.

Amalungu omphakathi aneqhaza elibalulekile okufanele alibambe ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi izindawo ezizalela omiyane ziyaqedwa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kulezi zikhathi ezinzima zezomnotho lapho ukuziphatha okuphumelelayo kanye namaphethini omphakathi uqala ukuba buthaka ngaphansi kokucindezeleka.

Hlela Ungaphenduli

Ukulungiselela ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kungasindisa izimpilo, kodwa ukuze sisindise indlela yokuziphilisa kufanele futhi sisize abantu bangabi sengozini futhi baqine kakhudlwana. Njengamanje wonke amaSeychellois ngethemba ukuthi ayazi ngokulungela inhlekelele. Izikhungo zikahulumeni kanye nezinhlangano ezizimele ezifana ne-Red Cross zonke bezixoxa ngokuhlela izinhlekelele. Kodwa, inhlekelele eyenzeka ngemva kwe-Cyclone Felleng ifakazela ukuthi abantu nengqalasizinda abaqinile ngokwanele ukuze babhekane nezenzakalo ezinjalo.

Izinkinga ziba zimbi njengoba kwakhiwa abantu abaningi kanye nengqalasizinda emba eqolo ezindaweni ezisogwini. Ukulimala kwesiphepho kuba yizindleko ezinkulu ngoba izindlu nengqalasizinda kukhulu, kuningi futhi kunemininingwane eminingi kunakuqala.

Isikhwama Sikazwelonke Sokusiza Ezinhlekeleleni, engiyilungu laso, sikwazile ukusiza imindeni eminingi eswele ekhahlamezwe yizimvula ezibangelwa yi-Felleng. Kodwa eminye imicimbi efana ne-Felleng izokwenzeka esikhathini esizayo. Izobhekana kanjani nezimo ezifanayo?

Ziningi izimpendulo kodwa singagxila kwezimbalwa. Siyazi ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu ukuthi izinqubomgomo zomshwalense, amakhodi okwakha, nemisebenzi yobunjiniyela efana nokukhipha amanzi kwakuyizici ezibaluleke kakhulu ezibe nomthelela endleleni esibhekane ngayo nezindleko zesiphepho kanye nokulimala kwezikhukhula ngemva kwezigameko zesiphepho. Abantu abaningi ababonakali benawo umshwalense wezikhukhula futhi iningi labo lakhe izindlu ezingenawo amanzi ezikhukhula anganele, isibonelo. Lezi yizindaba ezibalulekile okufanele kugxilwe kuzo futhi zithuthukiswe njengoba ukuthuthukiswa kungadambisa ukuhlupheka okukhulu ngokuzayo.

Flight Not Fight

Akunangqondo: umuntu ebuka iPort Victoria bese ebona ngaso leso sikhathi ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi sesilahlekelwe yimpi yokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Itheku lezohwebo nezokudoba, abaqaphi basogwini, abezicishamlilo nezimo eziphuthumayo, ukuphehlwa kukagesi, namadepho okuphehla uphethiloli okudla nosimende konke kusendaweni engase ithwale kanzima ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngisho nesikhumulo sezindiza saseSeychelles International sakhiwe endaweni ephansi ebuyiselwe, nakuba lokhu kwakungesikhathi lapho ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kwakungewona ngisho umqondo.

Lezi zindawo ezisogwini kungenzeka zibe nokukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle, iziphepho nezikhukhula. Lokho ochwepheshe bokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu abakubiza ngokuthi “inketho yokuhlehla” kungase kulungele ukukubheka okunye kwalokhu. Ezinye izindawo zezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo, ukugcinwa kokudla kanye nophethiloli kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla kumele kube yizindawo zezingxoxo ezibalulekile zesu likazwelonke lesikhathi esizayo.

Ngikuthembise i-Coral Garden

Ngo-1998, i-Seychelles yabhekana nomcimbi wokufiphala kwamakhorali ngenxa yokwanda kwamazinga okushisa olwandle, okwadala ukubhidlika nokufa kwamakhorali amaningi. Izixhobo zamakhorali ziyizindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle kanye nezindawo ezizalela kuzo izinhlanzi nezinye izinhlobo umnotho waseSeychelles othembele kuzo. Izixhobo zokusebenza ziphinde zisebenze njengomugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela emazingeni akhuphukayo olwandle.

Ngaphandle kwezixhobo zamakhorali ezinempilo, i-Seychelles izolahlekelwa yimali engenayo ebalulekile ehlobene nezokuvakasha nezindawo zokudoba futhi ingase ikhulise ukuba sengozini kwayo ezingozini ezibizayo nezinhlekelele ezihlobene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Isixazululo esijabulisa kakhulu nesishintshashintshayo ezikhathini zamuva nje iphrojekthi yeReef Rescuer eyenziwa ePraslin naseCousin Islands. Lena iphrojekthi enkulu yomhlaba wonke yohlobo lwayo esebenzisa indlela “yokulima ingadi yamakhorali”. Iphrojekthi yokubuyisela ayihlosile “ukubuyisela iwashi emuva” kodwa ihlose ukwakha izixhobo ezikwazi ukumelana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ikakhulukazi ukubola.

Ungathathi Hlangothi Ngokushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu – Ungakhethi Ikhabhoni

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule kwaba khona ukucasuka endaweni mayelana nesihloko ephephandabeni laseJalimane esasinesihloko esithi “Sylt, not Seychelles.” Leli phephandaba belinxusa abantu baseJalimane abacebile ukuthi bangahambi ngendiza baye ezindaweni ezikude njengeSeychelles kodwa bahambe baye eholidini ezindaweni eziseduze njengesiqhingi saseSylt ngenxa yokushisa okukhulu komhlaba okubangelwa ukuhamba ngendiza amabanga amade.

Iphepha lesayensi elibhalwe nguSolwazi Gossling waseSweden linikeza izibalo ezikhombisa ukuthi ezokuvakasha zaseSeychelles zikhiqiza indawo enkulu yezemvelo. Isiphetho siwukuthi ezokuvakasha eSeychelles ngeke kushiwo ukuthi zinobungani nemvelo noma zisimeme imvelo. Lezi yizindaba ezimbi ngoba iningi lezivakashi eziya eSeychelles ngabantu baseYurophu abakuqaphelayo ukuvikelwa kwemvelo.

Ukuletha uhambo olungenacala oluya esiqhingini sase-Cousin I-Special Reserve Nature Seychelles iguqule u-Cousin waba isiqhingi sokuqala esingathathi hlangothi emhlabeni kanye nendawo yokulondoloza imvelo ngokuthenga amakhredithi e-carbon offset kumaphrojekthi agunyaziwe okushintsha isimo sezulu. Ngethula lolu hlelo olujabulisayo embukisweni wokuqala wezokuvakasha waseSeychelles phambi kukaMongameli uMnu. James Alix Michel, uMnu Alain St.Ange nabanye. Ezinye iziqhingi eSeychelles, njengeLa Digue, manje zingehla ngendlela engathathi hlangothi.

Imali Ilahlekile Kodwa Imali Yezenhlalakahle Izuziwe

"Imboni ye-tuna ivaliwe futhi ngidinga umsebenzi". UMagda, omunye womakhelwane bami, wayekhuluma ngefekthri yokufaka amathini yolwandle i-Indian Ocean eyavalwa isikhashana ngo-1998. I-Seychelles Breweries nayo yavala ukukhiqiza isikhathi esithile. Ngalowo nyaka, amanzi ashisayo angaphezulu oLwandlekazi i-Indian abangela ukufiphala kwamakhorali okukhulu kanye nezinguquko ezimangazayo ekutholakaleni kwe-tuna ezikebheni zokudoba. Isomiso eside esalandela siholele ekuvalweni kwesikhashana kwezimboni kanye nokulahlekelwa yimali engenayo emkhakheni wezokuvakasha osekelwe emanzini. Izimvula ezinkulu ngokungavamile ezafika kamuva zabangela ukudilika komhlaba okukhulu nezikhukhula.

Ngo-2003, esinye isenzakalo sezulu esasinemiphumela efana nesiphepho sacekela phansi iziqhingi zasePraslin, Curieuse, Cousin kanye neCousine. Izindleko zenhlalakahle yezomnotho zazibucayi ngokwanele ukuthi zilethe ithimba le-United Nations Environment Programme ukuthi lihlole umonakalo. I-Tsunami ayizange ibangwe ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kodwa umuntu angacabanga kalula ngamagagasi afanayo abangelwa inhlanganisela yokukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle, iziphepho namagagasi aphezulu. Umthelela weTsunami kanye nezimvula ezinamandla ezalandela zaholela emonakalweni olinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-300 zamaRandi.

Izindaba ezimbi zithonywa yimali enhle yezenhlalakahle ezweni. Ucwaningo lwamavulandlela olwenziwa abacwaningi baseBrithani nabaseMelika lubonise ukuthi iSeychelles, kuwo wonke amazwe akulesi sifunda, ingaba namandla aphezulu kwezenhlalo-mnotho ukuze ivumelane nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa neKenya neTanzania lapho ukudoba ngokweqile, ukushiswa kwamakhorali, ukungcoliswa nokunye kwehlisa abantu ogibeni lobumpofu, inkomba ephezulu yokuthuthukiswa kwabantu eSeychelles isho ukuthi abantu bangathola izixazululo zobuchwepheshe nezinye kule nkinga.

Abantu Amandla

UMongameli James Michel uthe abantu kufanele babelane ngobunikazi bezindawo ezisogwini. UMongameli wenza lesi sitatimende esiyingqopha-mlando ngowezi-2011 ngesikhathi evakashele izindawo ezisogwini ezivame ukuguguleka. UMengameli uthe umphakathi awukwazi ukuthembela kuhulumeni ukuthi enze yonke into. Ngikholwa ukuthi lesi ngesinye sezitatimende zenqubomgomo ezibaluleke kakhulu mayelana nemvelo kule minyaka engu-30 edlule.

Esikhathini esedlule, inqubomgomo yaseSeychelles kanye nendlela ezinye izikhulu zikahulumeni zokwenza ngayo mayelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokunye okukhathazayo kwezemvelo kushiye izakhamuzi namaqembu ebekwe eceleni ngandlela thize uma kukhulunywa ngesenzo sangempela sokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Amaqembu athile omphakathi kuphela akwazile ukufohla ukuze alethe imiphumela eyimpumelelo.

Manje sekusungulwe emibuthanweni yamazwe ngamazwe ukuthi “amandla abantu” asenhliziyweni yomzamo wokunqoba ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, i-European Environment Agency yathi “umsebenzi mkhulu kakhulu, futhi isikhathi siminyana kangangokuthi ngeke sisalinda ukuba ohulumeni bathathe isinyathelo.”

Ngakho-ke impendulo yokubhekana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu isezandleni zabaningi abakha umphakathi hhayi abambalwa kuhulumeni. Kodwa empeleni lokhu kungenziwa kanjani? Ingabe amandla angadluliselwa kuNgqongqoshe onomthwalo wemfanelo ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi futhi ingabe umthetho uhlinzekela “amandla abantu?”

Yebo, konke kukhona. I-Article 40(e) yoMthethosisekelo waseSeychelles ithi "Kuwumsebenzi obalulekile wawo wonke amaSeychellois ukuvikela, ukulondoloza kanye nokwenza ngcono imvelo." Lokhu kunikeza ilungelo eliqinile elingokomthetho lokuthi izinhlangano zomphakathi zibe umlingisi oyinhloko.

UNirmal Jivan Shah waseNature Seychelles, isazi sezemvelo esaziwayo nesihlonishwayo eSeychelles ushicilele lesi sihloko ephephandabeni lamasonto onke elithi “The People” eSeychelles.

ISeychelles iyilungu elisungula le- I-International Coalition of Tourism Partners (ICTP) .