Ukuhamba nohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kwaqhubeka ukukhula ngo-FY2017 njengoba i-US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) ihlanganise izinto ezintsha futhi yafaka nobuchwepheshe obusha ukuze kusheshiswe ukucutshungulwa kwenombolo erekhodiwe yabahambi bezindiza nezimpahla ezingena ezweni. Embikweni wayo waminyaka yonke we-Trade and Travel Report okhishwe namuhla, i-CBP ichaza ngeqhaza layo elibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukukhula komnotho waseMelika kanye nokugcina indawo yaseMelika njengendawo ehamba phambili emhlabeni kwezokuvakasha nokuvakasha kwezamabhizinisi.
“Amaphoyisa e-CBP athweswe icala lokufeza imisebenzi emibili ebaluleke kakhulu—ukuvikela imingcele yase-United States kanye nokwenza lula ukuhweba nokuhamba okusemthethweni. I-CBP ibone izinombolo ezirekhodiwe zokufika kwezindiza kwamanye amazwe kanye nokwenyuka kwezimpahla ezicutshungulwa kanye nokuqiniswa kwezomthetho ngo-FY2017,” kusho Ibamba likaKhomishana uKevin McAleenan. “Ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwezohwebo nokuhamba kuye kwabekela i-CBP inselele yokuthi ingasebenzi ngokuzikhandla kuphela, kodwa ngobuhlakani: ukufaka ubuchwepheshe obusha nezinto ezintsha ezinhlelweni zethu zansuku zonke. Le mizamo yokuguqula ibe nomphumela wokucubungula kahle emoyeni, abahamba ngezinyawo, ezimotweni nasezindaweni ezithwala impahla.”
Okufeziwe okubalulekile ku-FY2017 kufaka phakathi:
Amaphoyisa e-CBP acubungule abahambi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-397.2 ezindaweni zokungena zasemoyeni, emhlabeni, nasolwandle ngo-FY2017, okuhlanganisa abahambi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-124.2 ezikhumulweni zezindiza zokungena. Kule minyaka emihlanu edlule, ukuhamba kwamanye amazwe kukhule cishe ngamaphesenti angu-9.7 namaphesenti angu-21.6 ezikhumulweni zezindiza.
Ukuhamba kwamanye amazwe ezikhumulweni zezindiza zase-US kukhuphuke kancane kusukela ngo-FY2009. Ngo-FY2017, abahambi bezindiza abafikayo bakhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-4.2 ngaphezu kwe-FY2016. Amaphoyisa e-CBP amukele izakhamizi zase-US ezingamaphesenti angu-7.6 ngaphezulu ezihambela amazwe ngamazwe kanye namaphesenti angu-4.0 ngaphezulu kwezakhamuzi ezingezona ezase-US ezikhumulweni zezindiza zokungena ngo-FY2017.
Ezikhumulweni zezindiza zokungena, izinhlelo ezifana ne-Global Entry, Automated Passport Control (APC) kanye ne-Mobile Passport Control (MPC) zinikeze abahambi ubuchwepheshe obusebenziseka kalula obuthuthukisa ulwazi lwabo lokuhlola, kuyilapho kusheshisa inqubo yokungena. Isabelo sabahambi bezindiza abavela kwamanye amazwe abasizwa ngezindlela ezizenzakalelayo sikhule sisuka kumaphesenti angu-3.3 ngo-FY2013 saya ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-50 ngo-FY2017. Ngokuhlanganisa lobu buchwepheshe, izikhathi zokulinda sezizonke ezikhumulweni zezindiza eziphezulu ezingu-17 zibonisa ukuthi kunevolumu ephezulu yethrafikhi, ukucubungula okusheshayo, nokulinda okufushane kwabavakashi abafikayo.
I-CBP iqhubekisele phambili izinhlelo ngo-FY2017 zokuqalisa inqubo yokungena/yokuphuma ehlanganisiwe yebhayomethrikhi enikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile kubalingani bezohambo lwendiza ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana negunya lekhongolose lohlelo lokuphuma lwe-biometric. I-CBP ihola imizamo yokwenza lula inqubo yokuvakasha ngokunikeza imboni yezokuvakasha ngendiza inkundla evikelekile yokuhlonza nokumatanisa abahambi nobunikazi babo. Lobu buchwepheshe bebhayomethrikhi bungaguqula indlela abahambi abaxhumana ngayo nezikhumulo zezindiza, izindiza zezindiza kanye ne-CBP—okudala inqubo yokuhamba engenazihibe kokubili ethembekile futhi evikelekile.
I-CBP iphinde izibophezele endimeni yayo embaxambili yokwenza lula ezohwebo nokuvikela imali engenayo. Le nhlangano isalokhu ingumthombo wesibili omkhulu wokuqoqa imali kuhulumeni wobumbano, iqoqa cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-40.1 yemisebenzi, izintela nezinye izinkokhelo ngo-FY2017, okuhlanganisa imisebenzi engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-34.8 zamaRandi.
I-CBP icubungule u-$2.39 wezigidigidi ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe ngo-FY2017, okulingana nokufakiwe okuyizigidi ezingu-33.2 kanye neziqukathi zempahla ezingenisiwe ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-28.5 ezikhumulweni zemikhumbi zase-US zokungena. Iziqukathi zempahla ezingenisiwe zikhuphuke cishe ngamaphesenti angu-5 kusukela ngo-FY2016.
Ukuqiniswa kwemithetho yezohwebo kuhlala kuyinto ehamba phambili ye-CBP. Ngo-FY2017, i-CBP yethula ingosi yewebhu ye-e-Allegation ukuze amaqembu athumele izinsolo ze-Enforce and Protect Act (EAPA) ku-inthanethi. Ingosi ikwenze kwaba lula futhi kwasebenza kahle kakhulu kumalungu omphakathi wezohwebo kanye nezinhlaka zikahulumeni wobumbano ukuthi balethe izinsolo eziphathelene nokusebenza ngempoqo, ukubalekela i-AD/CVD kwabangenisa kwamanye amazwe base-US, kanye nokwephulwa kwe-IPR. Ochwepheshe bezohwebo be-CBP nochwepheshe bezihloko babuyekeza izinsolo zonke ngokucophelela futhi sebevele sebeqale uphenyo oluyi-14.
Ngokubambisana ne-US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), ukuthunjwa kokuthunyelwa ngokuphulwa kwe-IPR kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-8 ngo-FY2017 kuya ku-34,143. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-CBP ne-ICE ashaqe izimpahla ezingu-21 ezinenani lasekhaya elingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-$48.7 ngenxa yokwephulwa kwe-Antidumping and Countervailing Duties (AD/CVD). I-CBP iphinde yabamba ukuthunyelwa okungu-26 kwenani elingamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-1.6 kuma-oda amane okugodla akhishwe ngo-FY2016.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yomgomo wezohwebo we-CBP ukwenza lula imithwalo, ngenhloso yokwenza lula nokukhuthaza ukuhweba okungenazingxabano, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa ukushintsha kobuchwepheshe kanye nezinqubo zebhizinisi.
Ukuze kubhekwane nezinselele ezilethwa indawo yohwebo eguquguqukayo, futhi njengengxenye yokuzibophezela kwethu ekusekeleni amabhizinisi amancane nancane, i-CBP isungule ngokusemthethweni Igatsha Le-E-Commerce kanye Namabhizinisi Amancane ngaphakathi kweHhovisi Lokuhweba ngo-FY2017. I-E-Commerce ibophezele kakhulu ekukhuleni kwevolumu yokuthunyelwa okuncane okungena ohlelweni lwezohwebo lwase-US. Igatsha lakha izinhloso zamasu nezinjongo zokubeka i-CBP endaweni ukuze ibhekane kangcono nezinselele endaweni ye-e-commerce manje nasesikhathini esizayo.
