INkosana yaseSaudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's 2030 inombono ofaka phakathi izinguquko zokwehlisa ukuncika kweSaudi Arabia kumali etholwe uwoyela ngokukhuphula umnotho wayo kanye nezinsizakalo zomphakathi ezinjengezemfundo, ezempilo, ingqalasizinda kanye nezokuvakasha.
Abafundisi baseSaudi baqale amalungiselelo okwethula ukutadisha ifilosofi ezikoleni zombuso. Ngokusebenza ngokubambisana nochwepheshe baseBrithani, sebeqalile ukuqeqesha abafundisi abangama-200 abazofundisa abafundi besikole samabanga aphezulu isifundo esasivinjelwe ngaphambili kwikharikhulamu amashumi eminyaka.
UNgqongqoshe wezeMfundo eSaudi u-Ahmad al-Issa umemezele lolu hlelo ekuqaleni kwale nyanga engqungqutheleni yamazwe omhlaba ebibanjelwe esizweni samaSunni-Muslim.
“Izifundo zamabanga aphezulu zizolungiswa futhi intuthuko entsha izomenyezelwa kungekudala. Zizofaka ukucabanga okunzulu njengoba lokhu kungumzamo wokufaka imigomo yefilosofi esikoleni esiphakeme. Lokhu kungezwe kwizifundo zemigomo yomthetho ezokwethulwa kungekudala, ”kusho u-Issa ngesikhathi somcimbi.
Abanye izingqapheli bancome ukufakwa kwefilosofi emakilasini eSaudi Arabia, okunezela ukuthi bancoma itool kaBin Salman yezemfundo egxile kakhulu emfundweni yedijithali nasezifundweni ze-STEM (isayensi, ubuchwepheshe, ubunjiniyela kanye nezibalo).
Abanye, noma kunjalo, bayangabaza ukuthi empeleni kufakwa ini “ifilosofi” noma “ukucabangisisa”. Okunye okukhathazayo ukuthi ukucabanga kwefilosofi kuzofundiswa ngezindlela eziqinisa izimfundiso zenkolo ezikhona.
UDhari Salman, uthisha waseKwaiti, utshele iThe Media Line ukuthi umbuso uthathe elikhulu iqhaza ngokwethula ifilosofi. "Kodwa abaseSaudi bazobe benza iphutha ukungayinaki indlovu enkulu esegumbini okungumbono wenkolo wale ndaba," kusho yena. “Bekulokhu kuvamile phakathi kwabadala abalandela isiko ukubheka ifilosofi njengethuluzi likasathane esikhundleni senqubo yokucabanga ngokukhululeka.”
Abafundi, kuchaza uSalman, kufanele bafundiswe izinto ezimbili ezibalulekile zefilosofi: okungukuthi ukucabanga okunengqondo nokucabangisisa. “Badinga ukufunda ukuthola iqiniso lezitatimende abathembele kuzizathu. Ukugxekwa kuyithuluzi elisize izingqondo ezinkulu ukucabanga ngaphandle kwebhokisi. Iningi labo belinamakhono nokufundisa okulungile ukwenza lokho, futhi izikole kumele zivulele abafundi indlela kulokhu. ”
Inkinga, nokho, ukuthi “imfundiso yenkolo iyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kwezakhamizi zaseSaudi kusukela lapho zizalwa. Futhi uma behlangabezana nokugxekwa kwemibono yamaSulumane ngezepolitiki nomphakathi ekilasini kungenzeka kube nezingxabano ezishubile. ”
Kusukela ngawo-1960, uSheikh Abdel-Aziz bin Baz kanye nezinye izifundiswa zenkolo zaseSaudi ezihlonishwa kakhulu bakhipha “ama-fatwas” amaningana (izinqumo zamaSulumane) enqabela ukufundiswa kwefilosofi ezikoleni. Babebheka lesi sihloko “njengesihlubuki” futhi “sibi” —usongo ezinsikeni zomphakathi.
U-Edward Flood, uthisha waseMelika owahlala futhi wasebenza eSaudi Arabia iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, utshele iThe Media Line ukuthi “'uhlelo lwefilosofi' lombuso — uma ufuna ukulubiza kanjalo — lusekelwe eKoran nasezimfundisweni zenkolo yama-Wahhabi Islam.
“Uhlelo lolu akulona olugqugquzela ukucabanga ngokukhululeka noma ngokugxeka. Esikhundleni salokho igxilisa ukuthobela uhla lwemithetho eyaziwa futhi ephoqelelwa kahle, ngesinye isikhathi, ngamaphoyisa ezenkolo, manje enziwe acishe angabi namandla yiMbS [bin Salman] kepha asenamandla amakhulu emphakathini kuze kube manje njengokuziphatha.
“Ngifundile ukuthi izifundo,” kuchaza u-Flood, “zizonikezwa abafundisi, kepha ngubani ozozifundisa futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ngubani ozokhetha othisha? Othile noma iqembu elithile lizoba namandla amakhulu uma kukhulunywa 'ngokubumba' izingqondo zaseSaudi. Futhi ngikhuluma njengomgxeki onenkani, ngiyazi ngemibono eminingi enjalo eyamukelwa ngenjabulo enkulu, kodwa yaphela ize ngenxa yazo zonke izizathu. ”
UZamcolo uphethe ngokuthi uma ifilosofi ifundiswa ngendlela umuntu waseNtshonalanga angacabanga ngayo, inamandla okuguqula imfundo yaseSaudi nomphakathi. "Kodwa-ke nakanjani kuzoholela ekubuzeni uhulumeni nangendlela izinto ezenziwa ngayo embusweni, okuyisiphakamiso esiyingozi emndenini wasebukhosini."
UFatima al-Matar, uprofesa wezomthetho e-Kuwait University, naye udlulisele kwiMedia Line ukungabaza ngokufundisa ifilosofi ezweni lamaSulumane, ngokujwayelekile, kanye naseSaudi Arabia ikakhulukazi.
"Esifundeni lapho iKoran ibhekwa njengeqiniso eliphelele, umthetho wokugcina, kanye nokuwukuphela komhlahlandlela wendlela yokulunga yokuphila, ifilosofi ingabaluleka ngani?," Ebuza ebabaza.
“Ngihlala eKuwait, izwe elinesimiso sezenhlalo, sezombusazwe nezemfundo esifana kakhulu nesaseSaudi Arabia, ngacasuka lapho ngifunda encwadini yendodakazi yami eneminyaka engu-12 yamaSulumane ukuthi umSulumane akanayo inkululeko yokufunda noma yini ufuna. ”
Impela, uma kukhulunywa ngemicabango yaseNtshonalanga, isiko noma amasiko, u-al-Matar waphawula, amaSulumane ama-Arabhi ayayesaba le mibono emisha engaholela ekulahlekelweni kobunikazi babo.
“Lokhu kubadikibalisa ekubeni babheke ngalé kwalokho abakukholelwayo. Futhi uma ifilosofi iyilutho, ngokombono wami — yisibindi sokudlulela ngalé kwalokhu umuntu asekwazi kakade. ”
LOKHO ONGAKUTHATHE KULESI SIHLOKO:
- Edward Flood, an American educator who lived and worked in Saudi Arabia for over 30 years, told The Media Line that the kingdom's “‘philosophical system'—if you want to call it that—is based on the Koran and teachings of Wahhabi Islam.
- Flood concluded that if the philosophy is taught in a way that a Westerner might imagine, it has the potential to transform both Saudi education and society.
- Instead it inculcates obedience to a set of rules that are well-known and well-enforced by, at one time, the religious police, which has now been made almost powerless by MbS [bin Salman] but still exerts a strong social force as far as behavior is concerned.
