Ngabe ukuvakasha nezokuvakasha kungaphakama futhi njengezindawo ezihlakaniphile?

Imboni yezokuvakasha nezokuvakasha emhlabeni wonke ibhekene NEZOKUVAKASHA KWEZOKUVAKASHA

Njengomphumela wamahhotela obhubhane e-COVID-19 ezifundeni ezincike kwezokuvakasha njengamahhotela aseHawaii nezindawo ezihehayo zivaliwe, abagibeli abangenayo bahlukaniswa, izimangalo zabangasebenzi ziye zanda kakhulu, futhi izibalo zabagibeli zansuku zonke zisuka ku-30,000 plus kuya kumakhulu ambalwa.

Esikhathini esingamasonto ambalwa, iHawaii yasuka “ekuvakasheni ngokweqile” yaya cishe kwezokuvakasha. Yeka ushintsho olukhulu kusuka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule lapho abanye bebekhathazekile ngokuthi “kunezivakashi eziningi kakhulu.”

Yize ubuhlungu bezomnotho bokuwa kwezokuvakasha bukhulu, inkinga ye-COVID isinike ithuba cabanga ukuzindla ukuthi iHawaii kufanele ibukeke kanjani njengoba ilulama. Yiziphi izivakashi esizikhumbulayo manje? Sazisa bani? Whzazidalwa zazibangela ukukhungatheka phakathi kamaaina? Yimaphi amasayithi azuzayo ngokuphumula ekuchobozeni kwezivakashi? Ngamafuphi, ezokuvakasha zaseHawaii kufanele zibukeke kanjani lapho zilulama futhi singawenza kanjani umsebenzi ongcono wokuphatha indawo oya kuyo ngokuzayo? Kuyithuba esingakaze silithole ngaphambili.

Ngaphambi kokuwa kwezokuvakasha, i IHawai'i Tourism Authority (HTA) Ucwaningo luthole isimo sengqondo sabahlali mayelana nezokuvakasha eziba zimbi kakhulu njengoba inani lezivakashi lenyuka. Ukuminyana kwezimoto, ukuminyana kwabantu, nokulimala kwemvelo kungezinye zezinkinga ezibakhathaza kakhulu abahlali. Izivakashi nazo zikhala ngokugcwala kwabantu.

Yize abanye bephikise ngokuthi isixazululo ngandlela thile ukuthi "sibambe" inani eliphelele lezivakashi eziya eHawaii, inkinga inzima kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe (ama-smartphones, imithombo yezokuxhumana, amasistimu we-GPS) avumele abantu ukuthi bathole - futhi badlule - amasayithi amaningi angakwazi ukufaka izinombolo zawo. Inkinga ayikho kangako ukuthi iHawaii inezivakashi eziyizigidi eziyishumi, kepha ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, sinamakhulu ambalwa abantu ababuthana esizeni esingahlala idlanzana kuphela. Noma sinezimoto eziningi kakhulu emgwaqeni onemizila emibili owawungakhelwanga ithrafikhi ephezulu. Iqiniso ukuthi noma ngabe kunamanani aphansi ezokuvakasha, iHawaii kusadingeka ukuphatha ezokuvakasha.

Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe ngokuqinisekile ibe nomthelela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi “ukuvakasha ngokweqile.” Ubuchwepheshe bunciphise izindleko zokuhamba okwenza ukuhambela kuthengeke kubantu abaningi. Ukusabalala kwezinkundla zokuxhumana kukhuthaze abantu ukuthi bavakashele izindawo ebezingaziwa iningi labahambi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zontanga ziholele ekwandeni kokuqashwa kwamaholide kwesikhashana ezindaweni zokuhlala. Izinhlelo ze-GPS zenza kube lula ukuthi izivakashi zisuke endleleni eshayiwe..

Ulwazi nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana (i-ICT) bungabuye bunikeze izixazululo ezihlakaniphile zokusiza ukuphatha indawo okuya kuyo nokunciphisa ukuminyana. Isibonelo, e-Amsterdam (eNetherlands), "Vakashela i-Amsterdam" isebenzisa imininingwane egcinwe ku-chip ye-Amsterdam City Card ukuhlaziya indlela izivakashi eziphatha ngayo nokusungula izindlela zokunciphisa isiminyaminya. I-Amsterdam ibuye isebenzise uhlelo lokusebenza ukwazisa izivakashi lapho okuhehayo kugcwele ngokweqile futhi kusikisela okunye okuhehayo kosuku. Umkhandlu Wezwe Wokuvakasha Nezokuvakasha (WTTC) inikeza izibonelo ezengeziwe zokuthi izindawo okuyiwa kuzo zisebenzisa kanjani ubuchwepheshe ukuze zilawule kangcono ezokuvakasha.2 “ISmart Cities” bebelokhu besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ukubhekana nesiminyaminya. ILondon, ngokwesibonelo, ifaka imali eshisiwe engu- £ 11.50 “yokushaja isiminyaminya” ngokushayela ungene maphakathi neLondon ngezikhathi eziminyene

IHawai'i isalela ngemuva kwezinye izindawo ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe bokuphathwa kwendawo okuyiwa kuyo.

Isibonelo, iHanauma Bay Nature Preserve e-O'ahu imvamisa ithathwa njengendaba yokuphumelela ekuphathweni kwendawo okuyiwa kuyo. Uhlelo lokuphatha olwenziwe ngo-1990, kanye nokubuyekezwa okwalandela, kunciphise inani lokuvakashelwa kwabalondoloziwe kusuka phezulu kwabangu-7,500 3,000 ngosuku kuya kwabangu-19 300 ngosuku (kuze kube ukuvalwa kwe-COVID-7). Kepha uhlelo lwamanje lokuphatha lweHanauma luza ngezindleko ezinkulu. Lapho izikhala zokupaka ezingama-30 zigcwaliswa (imvamisa ekuseni ngehora lesi-XNUMX: XNUMX ekuseni) onogada babuthana phambi komgwaqo omkhulu wesitoreji ukuguqula izimoto, kukhungathekisa izivakashi nezakhamizi zendawo ezenze ukuthi idrayivu yemvelo igcinelwe ukwenqatshwa kuphela ukungena. Izindlwana zamathikithi ziphethwe ngabasebenzi. Ukubhuka kwe-inthanethi nokukhokha ngaphambi kwesikhathi akuvunyelwe. Le ndlela yokuphatha eyindala ibangela ukubambezeleka nokukhungatheka, ikakhulukazi njengoba isimo sokuhlala kwabavakashi bepaki kumele siqinisekiswe ngawodwana (ngoba izakhamuzi zamukelwa mahhala). Bangu impela eziningana izixazululo zobuchwepheshe zekhulu lamashumi amabili nanye ezingakwazi ukufinyelela kwesabelo ukuphatha ukugeleza kwezivakashi kangcono, umngani, futhi eshibhile. Izivakashi zanamuhla nezakhamizi kungenzeka bazizwe bekhululeke kakhulu besebenzisa i-smartphone ne-app yabo - noma obunye ubuchwepheshe - ukuhlela nokukhokhela ukuvakasha kwabo. Ubuchwepheshe bungabhekela nezintengo eziguquguqukayo ukuze bushelelezi ukufunwa. Njengoba ezokuvakasha zanda emhlabeni wonke (ngaphambi kwe-COVID-19) iminyuziyamu eyengeziwe, okuhehayo neziza sekuphendukele kubuchwepheshe ukuphatha ukungena nezimali. Ubuchwepheshe manje okubalulekile ingxenye ye izwe indawo yezokuvakasha.

I-ICT iguqule uhambo. Ubuchwepheshe bunike amandla isivakashi, besebenzisa inkathi yesihambeli sokwenza (i-DIY). Cabanga ukudala i-Airbnb ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi. Kakade, abahlinzeki bezokuvakasha bangakwazi ukuhlaziya inani elikhulu lemininingwane - "idatha enkulu" - ukukhomba okuthandwa ngamakhasimende abo futhi banikeze ngezinsizakalo ezenzelwe umsebenzisi ngamunye ("ikhasimende lomunye"). Izindiza nezamahhotela zihlaziya idatha yamakhasimende ukushintsha amanani kaningi — okusho amanani entengo ashukumisayo– ukukhulisa inzuzo. Phakathi kwezinhlangano zokumaketha / zokuphatha lapho uya khona (Ama-DMO), cha I-DMO eyodwa yenza okuningi ngobuchwepheshe ukuxhasa amabhizinisi ezokuvakasha nabahambi kuneSingapore Tourism Board neTechnology Transformation Group yayo.

Yize abasebenza kwezokuvakasha benze intuthuko enkulu ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe, kube nokusetshenziswa okuncane kakhulu kwetheknoloji ukubhekela ukuphathwa kwezinsizakusebenza kanye nokukhathazeka kwabahlali. Lokho sekuqala ukushintsha.

Emhlabeni jikelele, izinhlangano zezokuvakasha zakha “izindawo ezihlakaniphile” zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ukuze zilawule izinsiza, zithuthukise ukuncintisana kwendawo okuyiwa kuyo, futhi zithuthukise izimpilo zabahlali. Ngo-2017, i-World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) ihlele ingqungquthela yayo yokuqala yomhlaba yaminyaka yonke ngezindawo ezihlakaniphile. Engqungqutheleni yomhlaba yesibili eyayise-Oviedo (eSpain) ngo-2018, izithunywa ezingaphezu kuka-600 ezivela emhlabeni wonke zathamela izingqungquthela zokuthi izindawo zingasebenzisa kanjani ubuchwepheshe ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukuphathwa ngendlela eqhubekayo kwezindawo zokuvakasha.

Akukho ncazelo eyodwa yendawo eyi-smart. I-One Planet Network iyichaza “Njengendawo entsha yezokuvakasha, ehlanganiswe nengqalasizinda yezobuchwepheshe esezingeni eliphakeme, eqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa okusimeme kwendawo yezivakashi, efinyeleleka kubo bonke, okusiza ukuxhumana nokuhlangana phakathi kwezivakashi nemvelo futhi kwandise ikhwalithi yolwazi lwabo lapho beya khona njengokuthuthukisa izinga lempilo yabantu abahlala kulo. ”

ISpain, umholi womhlaba wonke ekwakhiweni kwezindawo ezihlakaniphile, iqalise uhlelo lokuhlelwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezihlakaniphile olwaqala ngo-2012 ngohlelo lwayo lweNational Integral Tourism.7 Ekuhlaziyweni komzamo waseSpain, UFrancesc González-Reverté ihlolisise izenzo ezingama-980 eziqaliswe ngaphansi kwedolobha elihlakaniphile noma uhlelo oluhle lwezokuvakasha olusetshenziswe ezindaweni ezingama-25 zaseSpain nasemadolobheni ngo-2017. Ukuhlaziywa kutholakale ukuthi emadolobheni amaningi ezokuvakasha, izinyathelo eziningi ezamukelwe ukukhulisa ukusimama bezihlose ukunciphisa ama-spillovers amabi kanye nezindleko ezihambisana ukuvakasha kwabantu abaningi. Umbhali uthole ukuthi “izindawo zokuvakasha zaseSpain esezithathe izinhlelo ezinhle zokubhekelela ezokuvakasha ukubhekana nezenzo zazo maqondana nokusimama emadolobheni, ikakhulukazi ikhwalithi yezemvelo kanye nezimpilo zabahlali, kepha zivame ukungayi kude ngokwanele…

Izindawo lapho zibuka khona zibona izinhlelo ezinhle zezokuvakasha njengethuba lokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kunokuba kube isu eliphelele lokwenza ngcono ukusimama emadolobheni. ” Umbhali uqhubeke wachaza ukuthi ubuchwepheshe "kufanele bube kuyo kanye iDNA yamadolobha afuna ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ezinhle zokuvakasha."

Ubuchwepheshe bungasiza ekufezeni izinhloso, kepha ngeke kube yinjongo uqobo. Futhi izixazululo zobuchwepheshe azikho mahhala. Kumele bakhombise ukuthi zishibhile kunezinye izixazululo futhi izinzuzo zabo ezingaba khona zidlula izindleko zokuzisebenzisa. Umqondo ukwamukela izixazululo ezinengqondo zobuchwepheshe. Izixazululo ezilungile kungenzeka zihluka ukusuka lapho uya khona kuya lapho uya khona ngokuya ngezimo zendawo nenkinga ebhekwayo. Okunengqondo ngeSingapore kungahle kungabi nengqondo ngeHawaii.

Ubuchwepheshe bungasiza ekwenzeni inqubomgomo enhle, kepha abukwazi ukulungisa umonakalo odalwe yinqubomgomo embi. Isibonelo senqubomgomo embi ukwamukelwa okuphansi ngokweqile ukukhuphuka iSikhumbuzo seDiamond Head State. UMbuso waqala ukukhokhisa u- $ 1 umhambi ngamunye eDiamond Head ngoMeyi 2000 kanye no- $ 5 ngemoto yangasese eqala ngoJanuwari 2003.9 Njengamanje, imali yokungena engu- $ 5 yokungena ngemoto yangasese isebenza cishe kuwo wonke amapaki wombuso akhokhisa imali yokungena; izakhamizi zamukelwa mahhala ngaphandle kwaseDiamond Head State Monument. (Izimoto zentengiso zikhokha ngaphezulu.)10 Ngokuqhathanisa, iHanauma Bay Nature Preserve yaseHonolulu County ikhokhisa u- $ 7.50 isivakashi ngasinye esidala ngokungena mahhala kwabahlali. Amapaki amaningi kazwelonke manje akhokhisa ukwamukelwa kwe- $ 15 noma ngaphezulu ngomuntu ngamunye.

I-European Capital of Smart Tourism Associations ixhasa umncintiswano waminyaka yonke phakathi kwamadolobha e-EU "ukuqwashisa ngamathuluzi ezokuvakasha ahlakaniphile, izinyathelo, namaphrojekthi asetshenziswa emadolobheni ezigabeni ezine: ukusimama, ukufinyeleleka, ukwenziwa kwedijithali, namagugu amasiko nobuciko." Ngo-2020 iGothenburg (Sweden) neMalaga (Spain) yibona abaphumelele. IGothenburg ivelele “ngokunikela kwayo kwedijithali okusiza ukuthuthukisa ulwazi kuzakhamizi nakubakhenkethi. Lokhu kufaka izixazululo eziqondiswe esikhathini esizayo zethrafikhi nezokuthutha, idatha evulekile, kanye nezinyathelo zokuqina Idolobha elingasemanzini lisebenza ngokubambisana nezinhlaka ezahlukahlukene zababambiqhaza kanye nemikhakha yezimboni ukusebenzisa indlela edidiyelwe ngempela kwezokuvakasha okuhlakaniphile.

Idolobha elisogwini iMalaga liwinile ngoba “ligxile kakhulu ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe obusha ukwenza ngcono isipiliyoni sezivakashi nokukhulisa amandla amasha amabhizinisi endawo. Idolobha liphinde libe ngumholi ekubandakanyeni umphakathi wendawo futhi lisebenzela ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezokuvakasha ezihlakaniphile ezingeni lezemfundo. ” Imininingwane eminingi yabanqobi ababili inikezwa ngezixhumanisi ezinikezwe emibhalweni yaphansi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemikhuba emihle ngaphansi kwesigaba ngasinye kwezine emncintiswaneni we-EU-wide we-2019 nowe-2020 kuyatholakala ku https://smarttourismcapital.eu/best-practices/

Ubuchwepheshe buyishintshe kakhulu indlela abantu abahamba ngayo futhi noshintsho kungenzeka lusheshe. IHawaii kufanele ithuthukise izinhlelo zokuthi ingabusebenzisa kanjani ubuchwepheshe ukuphatha ezokuvakasha futhi ithuthukise ukuphathwa kwalezi ziqhingi ukuze kusizakale abahlali nabavakashi. Kungahambisana kahle nomsebenzi wohlelo lukaMphathi u-Ige olusanda kusungulwa, i-Hawai'i Economic & Community Navigator, enikezwe "Ukuguqula umzila waseHawaii kube ngumnotho olinganiselayo, omusha, nozinza olinganisa abantu, indawo, namasiko nemvelo, umhlaba nolwandle. ”

Ekutholeni ukululama okulindelekile okuvela ku-COVID-19, umbuso ngokuqinisekile uzobona okumbalwa kakhulu kunezivakashi eziyizigidi eziyishumi zango-2019. Njengoba kunezivakashi ezimbalwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugxila ekuheheni ukusetshenziswa kwemali ephezulu, izivakashi ezinomthelela ophansi kule nhlanganisela. Uhlelo oluhle lokuvakasha kwezokuvakasha lweHawaii lungabandakanya ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obufana nokumbiwa kwedatha kanye nokuhlaziywa ukuthola kahle ukuthi zingobani lezo zivakashi nokuhlela imiyalezo yethu yokumaketha ngokufanele.

Ubuchwepheshe buzobuye bube bucayi ezweni lePost COVID ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwezempilo kwabagibeli abangenayo. IHawaii idinga ukuqinisekisa abahambi ukuthi kuphephile ukuvakasha - futhi sidinga ukuqinisekisa izakhamizi ukuthi izivakashi ezifika azilona usongo lwezempilo. Ngoba cishe bonke abafika eHawaii bangomoya, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola obusebenzayo bunganikeza izwe ithuba lokuncintisana ekubuyiseleni ezokuvakasha. Izindawo ezinjenge-Orlando neLas Vegas ezinokuvakashelwa okushayelwa kakhulu zizokuthola kunzima kakhulu ukufeza izilawuli ezifanayo nezwe lesiqhingi njengeHawaii.

Ubuchwepheshe bungaphinde busekele ukuphathwa kwendawo okuyiwa kuyo ngokusebenzisa ukulandelwa kwendawo okufika ngemuva ngemininingwane ehlanganisiwe, engaziwa enikezwa ama-smartphones ezivakashi ukuklama izixazululo zokunciphisa isiminyaminya sezimoto nokugcwala ezindaweni eziheha izivakashi. Uhulumeni wase-US ubambe izingxoxo nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe zaseMelika ezifana noFacebook noGoogle ukwenza lobu buchwepheshe ukuze kuqondwe ukusabalala kwe-coronavirus.14 Amanye amazwe asevele asebenzisa ukulandelwa kwendawo ukulwa nalolu bhubhane. Ucwaningo lwase-University of Maryland lusebenzisa idatha yendawo engaziwa ebuyekezwa nsuku zonke ukulandelela ukuthi abantu bayayithobela yini imiyalo yokuhlala ekhaya.15

Impela, isikhathi sesifikile sokwamukela izindlela zokukhokha ezidijithali zokuqoqa imali yokuxhasa ukunakekelwa kwamapaki, izindlela zokuhamba izintaba, amabhishi nezindawo zomphakathi. Ubuchwepheshe abubusha, ngakho-ke singabheka izindlela ezinhle kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi emhlabeni wonke ukuthola imibono.

Uhlelo olusanda kwamukelwa lweHawai'i Tourism Authority Strategic Plan (2020-2025) lubeka indlela yohlelo oludidiyelwe lokuphathwa kwezindawo. Njengengxenye yohlelo, lolu hlelo ludinga ukuthi i-HTA “ihlolisise, futhi isebenzise lapho kungenzeka khona, ubuchwepheshe obuvelayo.”16 Asikho isikhathi esincono ukwedlula manje, njengoba sihlela ukululama ukuze sibheke kumodeli "wezokuvakasha okuhlakaniphile" osuselwe kubuchwepheshe. Akufanele sizenzele phansi izindlela zakudala zokuthola ukwenyusa ngokungakhethi: faka "izihlalo ezihlalweni namakhanda emibhedeni." Sidinga ukuphatha ezokuvakasha noma ngabe bafike sebephelele. Ukuqedwa kwemboni yezivakashi okubangelwe yi-COVID-19 kusinike ithuba lokwenza isiqalo esisha (futhi esihlakaniphile).

I-athikili inikelwe nguFrank Haas noJames Mak

UFrank Hass uyingxenye entsha #ukwakha kabusha ingxoxo ( www.siphele.cXNUMXm ), Ukubambisana ne- I-International Coalition of Tourism Partners, lo Ibhodi Yezokuvakasha yase-Afrika futhi Isikhungo se-Global Tourism Resilience Crisis & Management Centre (GTRCM)