Ungakuqala kanjani Ngokuphepha Ukuhamba Ngezindiza ngemuva kwe-COVID-19?

Cishe yonke inselelo kwezindiza idinga umzamo weqembu ukuyixazulula. Namuhla, imboni yezindiza ibhekene nenselelo enkulu emlandweni wezindiza yezentengiselwano: Ukuqala kabusha imboni eyekile ukusebenza ngaphesheya kwemingcele ngenkathi iqinisekisa ukuthi akuyona i-vector enengqondo ekusakazekeni kwe-COVID-19. I-International Air Transport Association (IATA) ihlanganise umgwaqo ozoqala kabusha ngokuphepha izindiza ngemuva kwe-COVID-19.

Ukuhlangabezana nale nselele kuzosho ukwenza izinguquko ezinkulu ngaphesheya kwe-arc yesipiliyoni sokuhamba emoyeni: ngaphambi kokundiza, esikhumulweni sezindiza sokusuka, ebhodini, nangemuva kokundiza:

▪ Kuzodinga ohulumeni ukuthi bathathe imithwalo yemfanelo emisha ebanzi ngokuhlola nokuhlonza ubungozi bempilo yabahambi, njengoba nohulumeni benza kwezokuphepha ngemuva komhla ka-9/11.

▪ Izindiza kanye nezikhumulo zezindiza kuzodingeka zethule futhi zivumelanise izinqubo nezinqubo zokunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka esikhumulweni sezindiza nasezindizeni.

▪ Abagibeli kuzodingeka banikezwe amandla okulawula kakhulu uhambo lwabo lokuhamba, kubandakanya nokuhlola ngokuziphendulela izinga labo lobungozi bezempilo ngaphambi kohambo.

Le ndatshana imele umzamo wemboni yezindiza ukukhomba ibalazwe lomgwaqo lokuqalisa kabusha ukusebenza, ngokuya ngokuzibophezela kwethu isikhathi eside kwezokuphepha njengeyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu kithi. Kuya ngempumelelo endleleni yobambiswano phakathi kwabahlanganyeli ababalulekile ochungechungeni lwezokuvakasha.

Izincomo ezethulwe lapha zisuselwa emphumeleni, hhayi ezinqunyiwe. Izincomo zisuselwa ekuqondeni kwamanje kokuthi i-COVID-19 idluliswa kakhulu kanjani, ngakho-ke, yiziphi izingozi ezidinga ukuncishiswa futhi yiziphi izixazululo ezingcono kakhulu zokwenza lokhu ngempumelelo. Ngoba asikho isisombululo sezinhlamvu zesiliva okwamanje, i-IATA incoma indlela egqinsiwe yokuqalisa kabusha kokuqala, njengoba sekwenziwe ngokuphepha nokuvikeleka, ngenkathi kugwenywa ukudilizwa ngokungadingekile namakhambi angasebenzi. Njengoba izindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokunciphisa ubungozi zitholakala, umthwalo owengeziwe, nezinyathelo ezingasebenzi kahle kufanele zishintshwe.

I-IATA ikholelwa ukuthi umgwaqo uveza indlela esuselwa engcupheni eqinisekisa ukuthi ukundiza ngezindiza kuyaqhubeka nokuba yindlela ephephe kunazo zonke yokuhamba amabanga amade owaziwa umhlaba wonke, nokuthi ayibi i-vector enengqondo yokudluliswa kwe-COVID19.

Le mephu yomgwaqo iqondiswa yilezi zimiso ezilandelayo:

Zonke izinyathelo kufanele zisuselwe emiphumeleni, zisekelwa ubufakazi besayensi kanye nokuhlolwa okunamandla okususelwa ebungozini.

▪ Izindlela zokuhlola ezempilo kufanele zethulwe ngomfula ngangokunokwenzeka, ukunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka endaweni yezindiza nokuqinisekisa ukuthi abagibeli abaningi bafika esikhumulweni sezindiza sebelungele ukuhamba. Noma iziphi izinyathelo ezidinga ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhamba kufanele zisetshenziswe ngaphambi kokuhamba kunokuba zifike.

▪ Ukusebenzisana kubalulekile:

- Phakathi kohulumeni ukusebenzisa izinyathelo ezingaguquguquki zomhlaba wonke, izindlela ezamukelwe ngokuhlanganyela kubalulekile ekubuyiseni ukuxhumana komoya nokuzethemba kwabagibeli ohambweni lomoya.

- Phakathi kohulumeni nezimboni, ikakhulukazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthuka okungaba khona kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinyathelo zokusebenza.

▪ Izinyathelo kufanele zibekhona uma nje kubonakala kufanele; zonke izinyathelo kufanele zihlolwe kabusha ngaphansi kwesheduli ebekiwe. Lapho kutholakala izindlela ezisebenza ngempumelelo nezingaphazamisi kangako, kufanele zisetshenziswe masinyane futhi kususwe izinyathelo ezingasasebenzi.

▪ Iqhaza nezibopho ezikhona zohulumeni, izindiza kanye nezikhumulo zezindiza kufanele zihlonishwe ekufezeni impendulo kwi-COVID-19. Ukuqala kabusha ngempumelelo ukuhamba kwabagibeli bezindiza ngenkathi kubuyisa ukuzethemba ekuphepheni kohambo lomoya kubalulekile okudingekayo ngaphambi kokuvumela umnotho womhlaba ukuthi usimame ku-COVID-19. Ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile, indiza iletha ama- $ 2.7 trillion kumnikelo weGDP yomhlaba. Wonke umuntu kwabasebenzi abayizigidi ezingama-25 embonini yezindiza usiza ukuxhasa eminye imisebenzi engama-24 emnothweni obanzi. Ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yokuhweba komhlaba ngenani elihamba ngomoya.

Namuhla, izindiza zezindiza zihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezingenakubuyiselwa emuva ekulweni ne-COVID-19, zithutha izinto ezibucayi zezokwelapha-kubandakanya i-PPE-kanye nemithi yokwelapha. Lapho le nkinga iphela, ezokundiza ngezindiza kudingeka zilungele enye indima — ukusiza ukubuyisela umnotho oshaywayo nokukhuphula umoya wabantu ngamandla okuhamba. I-IATA inethemba lokuthi le mephu yomgwaqo iyithuluzi eliwusizo kulowo mzamo.

OKWENZEKA KUMHAMBI WABAHAMBI

Ukundiza kwangaphambili 

Ukulandelwa kwabagibeli

I-IATA ibona kusengaphambili isidingo sokuqoqa imininingwane yokuxhumana yabagibeli enemininingwane eminingi engasetshenziselwa izinhloso zokulandela umkhondo.

Lapho kungenzeka khona, imininingwane kufanele iqoqwe ngendlela ye-elekthronikhi, futhi ngaphambi komgibeli ofika esikhumulweni sezindiza kubandakanya ama-eVisa kanye nezinkundla zokugunyazwa kokuhamba ngogesi.

I-IATA incoma ngokuqinile ukuthi izifundazwe zisethe izingosi zikahulumeni ze-inthanethi ukuze ziqoqe imininingwane edingekayo yabagibeli. Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obususelwa ku-inthanethi kuzovumela ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi ahlukahlukene wokubamba idatha (amakhompyutha, ama-laptops, amaphilisi, izingcingo, njll.).

UKUSUKA E-AIRPORT

Ukufinyelela kwesikhumulo sezindiza kufanele kukhawulelwe kubasebenzi, izihambi, nabantu abahamba nabo ezimweni ezinjengabagibeli abakhubazekile, ukuhamba okuncishisiwe, noma izingane ezingahambelani.

Ukuhlolwa kwethempelesha kufanele isetshenziswe ezindaweni zokungena esakhiweni sokugcina futhi isebenze kahle ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuhlolwa kudinga ukwenziwa ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe abangahle banqume ukuthi umgibeli ukulungele yini ukundiza noma cha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzi bokuhlola badinga ukuba nayo yonke imishini edingekayo.

Ukuhamba ngokomzimba idinga ukwenziwa ngokuya ngemithetho nezimiso zendawo. Okungenani, i-IATA incoma amabanga kusuka kumamitha ayi-1-2 (3-6 amamitha). Ngokubambisana nesiphathimandla sezindiza sendawo, ukuhamba kwabagibeli endaweni yokungena - ukungena, ukungena kwamanye amazwe, ezokuphepha, indawo yokuphumula kanye nokugibela - kudinga ukuguqulwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqhela komzimba. Izikhumulo Zezindiza Zezindiza (i-ACI) izibonelo ezishicilelwe kwalokhu.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamamaski nezinto zokuvikela zomuntu siqu (PPE): Umhlahlandlela weziphathimandla zezempilo zendawo kufanele ulandelwe. I-IATA nokho incoma ukusetshenziswa kokumboza ubuso kwabagibeli kanye ne-PPE efanelekile yabasebenzi bezindiza nabasebenza esikhumulweni sezindiza.

Ukuhlanzwa nokuhlanzeka kwemishini: Ekubambeni imithetho nemithetho yendawo, izindiza, izikhumulo zezindiza, kanye nohulumeni kudingeka babambisane ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini nengqalasizinda iyahlanzeka futhi ijeli ene-hydroalcoholic yenziwa itholakale kalula. Imvamisa yokuhlanzeka kufanele isungulwe, idluliselwe, nezinsizakusebenza ezifanele zidinga ukwenziwa ukuze zikusebenzise. Lokhu kusebenza ezintweni ezinjengezinqola, izinqola, ama-e-gate, ama-kioski okuzisebenzisela wona, izifundi zeminwe, izihlalo ezinamasondo, amathreyi, isitsha sokulahla buso bezokwelapha esisetshenzisiwe, okokusebenza ebhodini, njll.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-COVID-19: Imboni isekela ukusetshenziswa kokuhlolwa. Kodwa-ke, izinkomba ezivela emphakathini wezokwelapha ukuthi ukuhlolwa okuthembekile ngemiphumela esheshayo akukatholakali. Isivivinyo esisebenza kahle esingasetshenziswa ekungeneni esikhumulweni sezindiza singenza ukuthi indawo yezindiza ibhekwe 'njengeyinyumba'. Ngakho-ke, lesi yisinyathelo esidinga ukufakwa enqubeni yabagibeli ngokushesha nje lapho kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo, okuqinisekiswe umphakathi wezokwelapha.

Ama-passport wokuzivikela:  Ngokomthetho, i-IATA ikholelwa ukuthi amapasi wokuzivikela angadlala indima ebalulekile ekuqhubekeni nokwenza lula ukuqala kabusha kokuhamba ngendiza. Uma umgibeli kungabhalwa ukuthi useluleme ku-COVID-19 futhi ngaleyo ndlela abe nokuvikeleka komzimba, bebengadingi ukuthi izivikelo eziningi ezijwayelekile zingafinyelela esikhumulweni sezindiza, ekugibeleni nasezinhlelweni zokugibela ukweqa izinyathelo eziningi zokuzivikela ezifana nesembozo sobuso, ukuhlolwa kwamazinga okushisa njll. Noma kunjalo, ubufakazi bezokwelapha maqondana nokungavikeleki okuvela ku-COVID-19 namanje abuqondakali, ngakho-ke ama-passport omzimba awasekelwa okwamanje. Ngesikhathi lapho ubufakazi bezokwelapha busekela khona ukuthi kungenzeka kube khona ipasipoti yokuzivikela, i-IATA ikholelwa ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthi kwethulwe indinganiso yomhlaba eyaziwayo, nokuthi imibhalo ehambisanayo yenziwe itholakale ngekhompyutha.

Ngena

Ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi esichithwa esikhumulweni sezindiza, abagibeli kufanele baqedele inqubo yokungena eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokufika esikhumulweni sezindiza. Ngakho-ke, i-IATA iphakamisa ukuthi ohulumeni kufanele basuse noma yiziphi izithiyo zokulawula ukuze bakwazi ukwenza izinto ezinjengamaphasi okugibela asendlini noma aphrintiwe namathegi wesikhwama aphrintiwe asekhompyutheni noma asekhaya kanye nedatha yomuntu siqu ebanjwa online. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokomzimba kufanele kusetshenziswe zombili kumabali nakuma-kioski okuzenzela wona. Ezikhumulweni zezindiza, izinketho zokuzisiza kufanele zenziwe zitholakale futhi zisetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka ukukhawulela ukuxhumana kuzo zonke izindawo zokuthinta abagibeli. Ukuqhubekisela phambili ukusetshenziswa okuthe xaxa kobuchwepheshe obungathinteki nama-biometric nakho kufanele kulandelwe.

Ukwehla kweSikhwama

Lapho kusetshenziswa khona imithwalo yemithwalo yokusebenza, izindiza zezindiza kufanele ziqondise abagibeli ngokuqinile ezinkambisweni zokwehla kwesikhwama sabo ukunciphisa ukuxhumana (ukunikezwa kwempahla) phakathi kwabagibeli nabasebenzela ukungena.

Ukugibela

Inqubo yokuhleleka ehlelekile izodingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukujija komzimba, ikakhulukazi uma izinto zokulayisha ziqala ukwanda. Lapha ukubambisana okuhle phakathi kwezindiza, isikhumulo sezindiza kanye nohulumeni kubalulekile. Izinkampani zezindiza zizodinga ukubuyekeza inqubo yazo yamanje yokugibela ukuze ziqinisekise ukudideka ngokomzimba. Izikhumulo zezindiza zizodinga ukusiza ekwakheni kabusha izindawo ezingamasango futhi ohulumeni bazodinga ukuguqula noma yimiphi imithetho nezimiso zendawo ezisebenzayo. Ukusetshenziswa okukhulayo kwe-automation, njengokuzihlola ngokwakho kanye ne-biometrics kufanele kwenziwe lula. Ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqala kwesigaba sokuqalisa kabusha, imithwalo yokuthwala kufanele ikhawulelwe ukwenza inqubo yokugibela ebushelelezi ngokuqhela komzimba.

Ukukhanya 

Ngokuya ngolwazi i-IATA ihlaziyile, ubungozi bokudluliswa kwe-COVID-19 kusuka komunye umgibeli kuya komunye umgibeli osemkhunjini kuphansi kakhulu. Izizathu ezingenzeka ukuthi amakhasimende ahlala abheke phambili hhayi ukubhekelana, izihlalo zinikeza isithiyo, ukusetshenziswa kwezihlungi ze-HEPA kanye nokuqondisa kokugeleza komoya ebhodini (kusuka ophahleni kuya phansi), kanye nokuhamba okulinganiselwe ezindizeni ezindizeni lapho kuhleli khona ekuvikelweni kokugibela. Njengesivikelo esingeziwe ekudlulisweni kwendiza okungahle kwenzeke, i-IATA incoma ukusetshenziswa kokumboza ubuso ngabahambi ezimeni lapho ukuqhelelana ngokomzimba kungenakugcinwa khona, kufaka phakathi indiza. Mayelana nalokhu, akufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi ukudonswa ngokomzimba ebhodini (isb. Ngezihlalo ezivalekile) kungadingeka.

Imihlahlandlela ephelele zenzelwe abasebenzi abasebenza ezindlini ezibandakanya ukuphathwa kwecala elisolwayo lezifo ezithathelwanayo ebhodini, i-WHO nayo eliqondanise nalo isiqondiso. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izeluleko zensizakalo eyenziwe lula nokuphekelwa kwangaphambili.

Ukwengeza ukunethezeka kwabagibeli, ukusulwa kwendle kunganikezwa kumakhasimende ukuhlanza izikhala ezibazungezile, kanye nezinqubo zokunciphisa ukuhamba okuphakathi.

Imihlahlandlela ebukeziwe yokuhlanzwa kwezindiza ishicilelwe ngu IATA, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention futhi I-EASA.

UKUFIKA KWESIKHATHI SEZindiza

Inqubo yokufika

I-IATA iyabona ukuthi izindlela zamanje zokuhlola izinga lokushisa kungenzeka zinganikeli ukuzethemba okwanele njengamanje. Uma kudingeka, imishini yokuhlola ukushisa kwesisindo okungaphazamisi idinga ukusetshenziswa futhi ukuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela efanelekile futhi ngendlela efanele ngangokunokwenzeka ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe abakwaziyo ukubhekana ngokuphepha nomgibeli ogulayo.

Zonke izinhlangano ezisesikhumulweni sezindiza kufanele zibambisane ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abagibeli baziswa ngokucacile ngezinyathelo ezikhona futhi banikeze iziyalezo ezicacile zalokho okudingeka bakwenze uma beba nezimpawu ze-COVID-19 ngemuva kokufika.

Ukulawulwa Kwemingcele Namasiko

Lapho izimemezelo zidingeka ekufikeni, ohulumeni kufanele babheke izinketho ze-elekthronikhi (izicelo zamaselula namakhodi we-QR) ukunciphisa ukuxhumana kwabantu nomuntu.

Ngokwenziwa kwamasiko, lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi kunconywe imizila eluhlaza / ebomvu yokuzibika. Izinyathelo ezifanelekile zokuhlanzeka kufanele zithathwe ezindaweni zokuhlunga zesibili ukuvikela abagibeli nabasebenzi.

Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi ohulumeni kufanele benze lula imigomo yokulawulwa kwemingcele, ngokunika amandla izinqubo zokuxhumana (isb. Eziphathelene nokufundwa kwamapasi wamaphasiphothi, ukubonwa kobuso njll.), Ukusetha imizila ekhethekile, nokuqeqesha amanxusa abo ukuthola izimpawu zabagibeli abangaphilile.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwamahholo okufika okungenzeka kudinga ukuhlanganiswa phakathi kwesikhumulo sezindiza, izindiza, kanye nohulumeni.

Ukuqoqwa kwemithwalo

Yonke imizamo idinga ukwenziwa ukuhlinzeka inqubo esheshayo yokufuna izimpahla nokuqinisekisa ukuthi

abagibeli abenziwa ukuba balinde isikhathi esiningi ngokweqile endaweni yokufaka imithwalo. Isibonelo, wonke amabhande atholakalayo kufanele asetshenziswe, ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuqhelelana komzimba.

Kuzobaluleka futhi ukuthi oHulumeni baqinisekise ukuthi inqubo yokususwa kwamasiko iyashesha ngangokunokwenzeka nokuthi kuthathwa izinyathelo ezifanele uma kuhlolwa imithwalo yempahla ukuqinisekisa ukudideka ngokomzimba.

Dlulisa ukuhlolwa

Ukuphepha nokuhlolwa kwezempilo kokudlulisa abagibeli kufanele kusizakale kakhulu “ngamalungiselelo okuphepha okukodwa”. Lokhu kuncike ekwamukelaneni kwezinyathelo zokuhlola esikhumulweni sezindiza esivela futhi kuqeda ukuhlolwa kabusha kwenqubo yokudlulisa, ngaleyo ndlela kususe indawo yolayini ohambweni. Lapho lokhu kungenzeki kukho konke ukudluliswa kwethrafikhi, ukucatshangelwa kufanele kunikezwe kuzinhlelo ezithile phakathi kozakwethu abathembekile.

Lapho kudingeka khona ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kokudluliswa, kufanele kulandele ukuhleleka kwezenhlalo okufanele kanye nezidingo zenhlanzeko njengoba kuchaziwe ngaphambilini kunqubo yokuhamba.

Lapho ukuhlolwa kwezempilo, kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokushisa, kungadingeka ukuthi izincomo zenqubo yokufika kufanele zilandelwe.

ISIPHETHO

Okwamanje asikho isilinganiso esisodwa esinganciphisa zonke izingozi zokuphepha kokuqalisa kabusha ukuhamba emoyeni. Kodwa-ke, i-IATA ikholwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa lolu hlu olubalulwe ngenhla lwezinyathelo esezivele zingenzeka lumele indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokulinganisa ukuncishiswa kobungozi nesidingo sokuvula iminotho nokwenza sikwazi ukuhamba esikhathini esiseduze.

Njengoba ukucaciseleka okunye kutholakala ngokuya ngezinyathelo ezengeziwe njengokuhlolwa kwe-COVID-19 okusebenzayo nokuzivikela komzimba, izinyathelo ezintsha zingafakwa enqubeni yabagibeli ukuze kuqhutshekwe ukunciphisa izingozi futhi kuqhubeke nokwakha ukuzethemba ekuhambeni ngendiza, ngaleyo ndlela kusiyise phambili ohambweni olubheke ukuqala kabusha kwemisebenzi 'ejwayelekile'.

#ukwakha kabusha