Ingabe Izikhulu Zokuvikela Ngokwezifiso Zase-US kanye Nemingcele manje zingabamba isakhamuzi saseCanada emhlabathini waseCanada ngenxa nje yokubheka i-Iranian? Izindaba ezishaqisayo emngceleni waseCanada wase-US zibikwa cishe nsuku zonke, futhi kubonakala sengathi asikho isimo sokubuyela kubantu baseCanada ukuze babaleke ekuhlukunyezweni yiziphathimandla zaseMelika emhlabeni wabo.
Esimeni sezombangazwe sokuvinjelwa kukaMongameli uDonald Trump amaSulumane kanye namaqembu e-Facebook ahlanganisa ama-ejenti angenasisekelo, abantu baseCanada abavakashela noma bedlula e-US badinga ukunaka kakhulu amalungelo abunayo.
I-United States neCanada babelana ngalokho okwaziwa njengomngcele omude kunawo wonke ongavikelwe emhlabeni, ngenxa yokuzwana okuhle phakathi kwezizwe. Manje ukuzivikela akusabalulekile ngoba abenzi bezomthetho baseCanada bameme ngempumelelo ukuhlasela kweziphathimandla zasemngceleni wase-US.
Igunya elengeziwe elinikezwe onogada basemngceleni base-US ngaphansi kwezichibiyelo zeSivumelwano Se-Canada-United States Preclearance ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka sihlanganisa ikhono lokwenqabela abantu baseCanada ilungelo labo lokuhoxa ezindaweni ezigunyazwe kusengaphambili.
Nakuba kunodlame oluncane kakhulu kunokwesabisayo emngceleni oseningizimu ye-United States, izinkinga ezivela ngaphesheya komugqa we-US osenyakatho ziyethusa. Izehlakalo zokuchazwa kwezinhlanga kwabahambi ngemibala zikhuphuke kakhulu, futhi isibalo sabantu ababuyiselwe emuva ngonogada basemngceleni wase-US sibone ukwanda eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Ukuhlasela kwakamuva kwezikhulu zasemngceleni wase-US kuza ngendlela yezichibiyelo ezenziwe ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka kusethi yemithetho elawula ukuhamba kwemingcele, okwaziwa nge-Canada-United States Preclearance Agreement.
Abahambi abasendleleni besuka e-Canada beya e-United States kufanele baqaphele ukuthi lezi zinguquko, ezenziwe ngokusobala ukuze zandise ukusebenza kahle kohambo nohwebo ngaphesheya komngcele, zinikeza izikhulu zase-US amandla anwetshiwe ayingozi ezindaweni zokuvikela iCustoms preclearance emhlabathini waseCanada.
Izikhulu zase-US manje sezingakwazi ukuthwala izikhali eziseceleni kulezi zindawo ezicashile, ziseshe imigqa, zirekhode futhi zigcine imininingwane yabagibeli, futhi zibophe izakhamizi zaseCanada.
Ngisho noma isikhulu sase-Canada “singafuni” ukwenza ukusesha noma sibone ukuboshwa kungenasidingo, isikhulu sase-US singaluvala lolo cingo. Ngamanye amazwi, umthetho waseCanada manje ungaphikiswa ngaphakathi eCanada ngabantu baseMelika.
Lesi siphathimandla esisha siphinde sivumele onogada basemngceleni wase-US ukuthi benqabele abantu baseCanada ilungelo labo lokuhoxa. Ngaphambi kokuba kushaywe isichibiyelo somthetho, uma umuntu ezizwa engakhululekile ngesikhathi ebuzwa imibuzo wayengavele ahambe, ahoxise inhloso yakhe yokuwela umngcele ngaphandle kwenhlawulo.
Manje, ngenxa yezichibiyelo, unogada unelungelo lokumvalela uma ethola “izizathu ezizwakalayo” zokwenza kanjalo. Futhi isicelo sokuhamba ngokwaso singase sithathwe njengezizathu ezizwakalayo.
Njengoba uMichael Greene, ummeli waseCanada wokuthuthela kwelinye izwe, ekubeka: “babengeke bakwazi ukuphuma. Bangabanjwa futhi baphoqwe ukuthi baphendule imibuzo” — noma ngabe imibuzo inobandlululo.
Izichibiyelo zeSivumelwano Sokugunyazwa Ngokuphumelelayo zisho ukuthi ngeke kube nemiphumela kunoma yini 'eyenziwa noma eyeqiwe' yizikhulu zasemngceleni wase-US ekusebenziseni amandla azo.
Ukunikezwa ngakunye okusha ku-Preclearance Agreement kuza ne-caveat efanayo engacacile, ekhathaza kakhulu. Isibonelo, isigatshana esisha sama-39(2) sithi, “Isikhulu esisebenza emngceleni noma esinye isikhulu sikahulumeni asivunyelwe, endaweni ye-preclearance noma umngcele we-preclearance, ukusebenzisa noma yimaphi amandla okubuza noma okuphenya, ukuhlola, ukucinga, ukuthatha, ukudliwa, ukuboshwa noma ukuboshwa ngaphandle kwalapho amandla anjalo anikezwa isikhulu ngemithetho yase-United States."
Ngamanye amazwi, ukuziphatha kokugunyazwa akuvunyelwe - ngaphandle kwalapho i-US ibona kudingekile.
Inhloso yezitatimende ezilinganayo ezifana nalezi kungaba kuphela incazelo ebanzi yomkhawulo (noma ukungabi namkhawulo) wamandla aseMelika.
I-Scier namanje ilungiselelo eligcizelela zonke izichibiyelo zesivumelwano: ukuthi izikhulu zasemngceleni wase-US ngeke zithweswe icala ngokungafaneleki.
Ngolimi oluqondile lomthethosivivinywa, “akukho senzo noma ukuqulwa kwecala okungalethwa isiphathimandla sase-US mayelana nanoma yini eyenziwayo noma eyeqiwe ekusebenziseni amandla aso, noma ukwenza imisebenzi yaso nemisebenzi ngaphansi komthetho. ”
Ngakho-ke ngeke kube khona imiphumela noma yini eyenziwayo ekusebenziseni amandla abo.
Onogada basemngceleni waseCanada endaweni yokuhlola emngceleni weCanada-US. Izikhulu zase-US ezindaweni ezicashile zingavalela izakhamizi zaseCanada noma ngabe isikhulu saseCanada sibona ukuboshwa kungenasidingo. Lokhu kuwukuyekelela okwethusayo esikhathini sethu sezingxabano zezinhlangothi kanye nokucwaswa kwabokufika okudlangile.
Amaqembu afana ne-Iranian Canadian Congress azwakalise ukukhathazeka ngala magunya amasha abanzi, ekhungathekile amandla awo: “Ngenxa yokwanda kwamacala okucwasa abantu base-Irani eCanada nase-United States, kanye nesimo sezepolitiki esikhona phakathi kwe-Iran namazwe amabili, ukususa izivikelo zokuhoxa kuvumela izikhulu ezigunyaza ukuthi zikwazi ukuveza abantu base-Iranian-Canada ngaphandle kwemingcele noma usizo lwabantu base-Iranian-Canada. "
Ukukhathazeka kwabo kuyaqondakala, uma kucatshangelwa ukwanda okuhambisanayo kwamandla ngamanye kanye nezimo zobandlululo phakathi konogada basemngceleni base-US.
Ngeke kushiyelwe ekuthandeni nasekuchemayo kwezikhulu zaseMelika ngazinye ukunquma ukuthi kwenzekani kwizakhamizi zaseCanada eCanada. UTrump ukhuthaza ukucwasa futhi akakukhuthazi ukusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Kunobuzenzisi obumangalisayo ekwakheni udonga - noma umsele ogcwele izingwenya - emngceleni oseningizimu ngenkathi unweba amandla awela umngcele ukuya enyakatho.
Ngaphansi kobuholi bukaTrump, noma yikuphi ukungabekezelelani okucashile phakathi kwama-ejenti okuvikela umngcele kunikezwa indawo yokuzulazula. Ukuze uNdunankulu uJustin Trudeau avumele imikhuba yabaphathi abanjalo ukuthi yeqe umngcele ungene emhlabathini waseCanada kuwukuthethelela ukuziphatha kombuso kaTrump.
Okubi nakakhulu, uhulumeni kaTrudeau unikeza izikhulu zakwamanye amazwe amandla futhi wehlisa amandla izakhamuzi zaseCanada. Usekela i-imperialism yaseMelika.
LOKHO ONGAKUTHATHE KULESI SIHLOKO:
- For example, the new subsection 39(2) says, “A border services officer or other public officer is not permitted, in a preclearance area or preclearance perimeter, to exercise any powers of questioning or interrogation, examination, search, seizure, forfeiture, detention or arrest except to the extent that such powers are conferred on the officer by the laws of the United States.
- Before the amendment to the law was enacted, if a person felt at all uncomfortable in the course of preclearance questioning she could simply leave, retracting her intention to cross the border with no penalty.
- preclearance officer in respect of anything that is done or omitted in the exercise of their powers, or the performance of their duties and functions under the legislation.
