Ephepheni elisha elishicilelwe namuhla kujenali I-Nature Astronomy, ithimba labacwaningi abavela e-UK, e-Australia naseMelika lichaza ukuthi ukuhlaziywa okusha kwe-asteroid yasendulo kusikisela ukuthi okusanhlamvu kothuli olungaphandle komhlaba kuthwala amanzi eMhlabeni njengoba iplanethi yakhiwa.
Amanzi okusanhlamvu akhiqizwa ngu isimo sezulu, inqubo lapho izinhlayiya ezikhokhiswayo ezivela eLangeni ezaziwa ngokuthi umoya welanga ziguqule ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okusanhlamvu ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-molecule amanzi.
Lokhu okutholakele kungaphendula umbuzo omude wokuthi uMhlaba onamanzi acebile ngokungavamile walutholaphi ulwandle olumboze amaphesenti angama-70 obuso bawo - ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi enye iplanethi enamadwala eSolar System yethu. Kungasiza futhi ama-mission emkhathini wesikhathi esizayo ukuthi athole imithombo yamanzi emhlabeni ongenamoya.
Sekungamashumi eminyaka ososayensi beplanethi bedidekile ngomthombo wezilwandle zomhlaba. Enye inkolelo-mbono iphakamisa ukuthi uhlobo olulodwa lwedwala lomkhathi elithwala amanzi olwaziwa ngokuthi ama-asteroids ohlobo lwe-C lwalungafika amanzi emhlabeni ezigabeni zokugcina zokubunjwa kwayo eminyakeni eyizigidigidi ezi-4.6 edlule.
Ukuhlola lowo mbono, ososayensi baye bahlaziya 'izigxivizo zeminwe' ze-isotopic zezingcezu ze-C-type asteroids eziwele eMhlabeni njengama-meteorite anothe nge-carbonaceous chondrite. Uma isilinganiso se-hydrogen ne-deuterium emanzini ase-meteorite sifana nesamanzi asemhlabeni, ososayensi bangaphetha ngokuthi ama-meteorite ohlobo lwe-C ayengase abe umthombo.
Imiphumela ibingacacile kangako. Nakuba ezinye izigxivizo zeminwe ze-meteorites ezinothile ngamanzi ze-deuterium/hydrogen zifana ngempela namanzi oMhlaba, eziningi azizange zifane. Ngokwesilinganiso, lezi zigxivizo zeminwe eziwuketshezi zama-meteorite azizange zihambisane namanzi atholakala ku-mantle yoMhlaba nolwandle. Esikhundleni salokho, uMhlaba uneminwe ehlukile, elula kancane ye-isotopic.
Ngamanye amazwi, ngenkathi amanye amanzi oMhlaba kufanele ukuthi avela kuma-meteorite ohlobo lwe-C, uMhlaba owenziwe kufanele uthole amanzi okungenani emthonjeni owodwa wokukhanya we-isotopically owavela kwenye indawo ku-Solar System.
Ithimba eliholwa yiNyuvesi yaseGlasgow lisebenzise inqubo yokuhlaziya esezingeni eliphezulu ebizwa nge-atom probe tomography ukuze licubungule amasampula ohlotsheni oluhlukile lwedwala lasemkhathini elaziwa ngokuthi i-S-type asteroid, elizungeza eduze nelanga kunezinhlobo ze-C. Amasampula abawacubungulayo aphuma ku-asteroid ebizwa ngokuthi i-Itokawa, eyaqoqwa uphenyo lwasemkhathini waseJapane u-Hayabusa futhi yabuyiselwa eMhlabeni ngo-2010.
I-Atom probe tomography yenza ithimba likwazi ukukala ukwakheka kwe-athomu yezinhlamvu i-athomu eyodwa ngesikhathi futhi lithole ama-molecule amanzi ngamanye. Ukuthola kwabo kubonisa ukuthi inani elikhulu lamanzi lakhiqizwa ngaphansi nje kobuso bezinhlamvu ezinothuli ezivela e-Itokawa ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Isimiso sonozungezilanga sakuqala sasiyindawo enothuli kakhulu, enikeza ithuba elikhulu lamanzi okukhiqizwa ngaphansi kwezinhlayiya zothuli eziphuma emkhathini. Lolu thuli olunothe ngamanzi, abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi, ngabe line eMhlabeni wakuqala eduze kwama-asteroids ohlobo lwe-C njengengxenye yokulethwa kwezilwandle zoMhlaba.
UDkt Luke Daly, we-University of Glasgow's School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, ungumbhali ohamba phambili waleli phepha. UDkt Daly wathi: “Imimoya yelanga imifudlana eminingi yama-hydrogen nama-helium ion ageleza njalo esuka eLangeni aye emkhathini. Lapho lawo ma- ion e-hydrogen eshaya indawo engenamoya njenge-asteroid noma izinhlayiya zothuli lwasemkhathini, angena emashumini ambalwa ama-nanometer ngaphansi komhlaba, lapho engathinta khona ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali edwala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umphumela we-'space weathering' wama-ion e-hydrogen ungakhipha ama-athomu omoya-mpilo anele ezintweni ezisedwala ukuze kwakheke i-H.2O - amanzi - avaleleke ngaphakathi kwamaminerali ku-asteroid.
“Okubalulekile ukuthi la manzi aphuma emoyeni elanga akhiqizwa yisimiso sikanozungezilanga wokuqala anokukhanya kwe-isotopically. Lokho kusikisela ngokuqinile ukuthi uthuli olucolisekile, olushaywa umoya welanga futhi lwadonselwa eMhlabeni owakhiwa ezinkulungwaneni zezigidi zeminyaka edlule, lungase lube umthombo wechibi elingekho lamanzi aleplanethi.”
UProf. Phil Bland, uJohn Curtin Ohlonishwayo onguSolwazi eSikoleni Somhlaba kanye Nesayensi Yeplanethi e-Curtin University kanye nombhali wephepha uthe “i-Atom probe tomography isivumela ukuthi sibheke ngemininingwane emangalisayo ngaphakathi kwama-nanometers angama-50 noma ngaphezulu phezulu. wezinhlamvu zothuli ku-Itokawa, ezungeza ilanga ngemijikelezo yezinyanga eziyi-18. Kwasenza sabona ukuthi lesi siqeshana somugqa womkhathi sasinamanzi anele okwakuthi uma singawanyusa, abe amalitha angaba ngu-20 ku-cubic meter ngayinye yetshe.”
Omunye umbhali uProf. Michelle Thompson woMnyango Wezomhlaba, I-Atmospheric, kanye Nesayensi Yeplanethi eNyuvesi yasePurdue wanezela: “Iwuhlobo lokulinganisa obekungeke lube khona ngaphandle kwalobu buchwepheshe obumangalisayo. Kusinikeza ukuqonda okumangalisayo kokuthi izinhlayiya zothuli ezincane ezintanta emkhathini zingasisiza kanjani silinganisele izincwadi ezimayelana nokwakheka kwe-isotopic yamanzi oMhlaba, futhi kusinikeze imikhondo emisha engasiza ekuxazululeni imfihlakalo yomsuka wawo.”
Abacwaningi baqikelele kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwabo inembile, benza izivivinyo ezengeziwe neminye imithombo ukuze baqinisekise imiphumela yabo.
UDkt Daly wengeze wathi: “Uhlelo lwe-athomu lokuhlola i-tomography e-Curtin University lusezingeni lomhlaba, kodwa lwalungakaze lusetshenziswe ngempela uhlobo lokuhlaziya i-hydrogen ebesilwenza lapha. Besifuna ukuqiniseka ukuthi imiphumela ebesiyibona inembile. Ngethula imiphumela yethu yokuqala engqungqutheleni ye-Lunar and Planetary Science ngo-2018, futhi ngabuza ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ozakwethu abakhona abangasisiza ukuthi siqinisekise lokho esikutholile ngamasampula awo. Okusijabulisayo ukuthi ozakwethu e-NASA Johnson Space Center kanye naseNyuvesi yase-Hawai'i eMānoa, e-Purdue, eVirginia nase-Northern Arizona Universities, i-Idaho kanye nelabhorethri kazwelonke yase-Sandia bonke banikele ngokusiza. Basinika amasampula amaminerali afanayo afakwe i-helium ne-deuterium esikhundleni se-hydrogen, futhi kusukela emiphumeleni yokuhlola ye-athomu yalezo zinto ezisetshenziswayo kwasheshe kwacaca ukuthi esasikubona e-Itokawa kwakuvela ngaphandle komhlaba.
“Ozakwethu abanikeze ukwesekwa kwabo kulolu cwaningo bafana nethimba lamaphupho lesimo sezulu sasemkhathini, ngakho sijabule kakhulu ngobufakazi esibuqoqile. Kungavula umnyango wokuqonda kangcono kakhulu ukuthi iSolar System yakuqala yayibukeka kanjani nokuthi uMhlaba nezilwandle zawo kwakhiwe kanjani.”
UProfesa John Bradley, weNyuvesi yaseHawai'i eMānoa, e-Honolulu, umbhali-kanye waleli phepha, wanezela: Muva nje eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, umbono wokuthi ukukhanya komoya welanga kuhlobene nomsuka wamanzi esimisweni sonozungezilanga. , okungabalulekile kangako ezilwandlekazini zomhlaba, bekungamukelwa ngokungabaza. Ngokubonisa okokuqala ukuthi amanzi akhiqizwa in-situ phezu kwesibhakabhaka, isifundo sethu sakhela phezu kwendikimba enqwabelanayo yobufakazi bokuthi ukusebenzisana komoya welanga nezinhlamvu zothuli ezinomoya-mpilo ngempela kukhiqiza amanzi.
“Njengoba uthuli olwalugcwele kuwo wonke ama-solar nebula ngaphambi kokuqala kokunqwabelana kweplanethisimal lwalucwengekile ngokungenakugwenywa, amanzi akhiqizwa yilo mshini ahlobene ngokuqondile nomsuka wamanzi ezimisweni zamaplanethi futhi ngokunokwenzeka nokwakheka kwe-isotopic yezilwandle zomhlaba.”
Izilinganiso zabo zokuthi mangakanani amanzi angase aqukethwe ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esisemkhathini futhi ziphakamisa indlela abahloli basemkhathini besikhathi esizayo abangakhiqiza ngayo amanzi ngisho nakumaplanethi abonakala ayomile kakhulu.
UProfesa Hope Ishii ongumbhali weNyuvesi yaseHawai'i eMānoa uthe: “Enye yezinkinga zokuhlola indawo yomuntu esikhathini esizayo yindlela osomkhathi abazowathola ngayo amanzi anele ukuze bahlale bephila futhi bafeze imisebenzi yabo ngaphandle kokuhamba nawo ohambweni lwabo. .
“Sicabanga ukuthi kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi inqubo efanayo yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emkhathini eyadala amanzi e-Itokawa izobe seyenzeke ngezinga elithile emazweni amaningi angenamoya njengeNyanga noma i-asteroid Vesta. Lokho kungase kusho ukuthi abahloli basemkhathini bangase bakwazi ukucubungula amanzi amasha asuka othulini olusemhlabeni. Kuyajabulisa ukucabanga ukuthi izinqubo ezakha amaplanethi zingasiza ekusekeleni ukuphila kwabantu njengoba sifinyelela ngaphesheya koMhlaba.”
UDkt Daly wengeze wathi: “Iphrojekthi ka-Artemis ye-NASA ihlela ukusungula isisekelo esihlala njalo eNyangeni. Uma indawo yenyanga inechibi lamanzi elifanayo elitholwe umoya welanga lolu cwaningo olutholwe e-Itokawa, lungamela insiza enkulu futhi ewusizo yokusiza ekufinyeleleni lowo mgomo.”
Iphepha leqembu, elinesihloko esithi 'Solar Wind Contribution's to the Earth's Oceans', lishicilelwe ngo I-Nature Astronomy.
Abacwaningi abavela eNyuvesi yaseGlasgow, eNyuvesi yaseCurtin, eNyuvesi yaseSydney, eNyuvesi yase-Oxford, eNyuvesi yaseHawaii eMānoa, i-Natural History Museum, i-Idha National Laboratory, i-Lockheed Martin, i-Sandia National Laboratories, i-NASA Johnson Space Center, iNyuvesi yaseVirginia, iNorthern Arizona University kanye nePurdue University bonke baba nesandla ephepheni.
