I-Turkey itshala imali eningi ekuvikeleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwamasayithi asasitshela umlando weminyaka eyinkulungwane wale nsimu, obone ukulandelana kwemiphakathi eminingi: amaHeti, ama-Urartian, amaFrigiya, amaThriki, amaPheresiya, amaLycians, amaLidiya, amaGreki namaRoma, bese kuba amaByzantium, amaSeljuchides, nama-Ottoman. Impucuko eshiye umkhondo ojulile wemisebenzi yabo nendalo yabo futhi inikeze izizukulwane zanamuhla ifa elingavamile lomlando nobuciko.
Kunamasayithi angaphezu kwe-17,000 ahlakazekile kuyo yonke insimu ehlukaniswe izindawo zokuvubukula, izindawo zasemadolobheni, nezindawo zomlando nezingxubevange. I-Turkey, ibheka ifa layo lamasiko njengefa lomhlaba wonke, ngo-1982 yaqinisekisa isivumelwano se-UNESCO. Njengamanje kunezindawo eziyi-18 ezibhaliswe kuhlu lwamagugu omhlaba we-UNESCO kanti ezinye izingosi ezingama-77 ziyingxenye yohlu lokuhlola.
Ihhovisi Lezamasiko Nolwazi le-Embassy yaseTurkey e-Italy lihlele umcimbi okhethekile eMediterranean Exchange of Archaeological Tourism of Paestum kusuka ngoNovemba 15-18, 2018 ukugubha iminyaka engu-20 yokufakwa kukaPaestum noTroy ohlwini lwe-UNESCO World Amagugu.
Ingqungquthela ethi “Troy, the History of a City from Mythology to Archaeology” yayiholwa ngu-Prof. Rüstem Aslan, umqondisi wokumbiwa kwesiza semivubukulo sikaTroy kanye noprofesa wemivubukulo e-University of Canakkale, eyenganyelwe ngu-Andreas M. Steiner, uMqondisi umagazini i-Archeo, osanda kushicilela i-monograph ezindaweni zemivubukulo zaseTurkey. Lokhu kunikeze i-eTN ithuba lokuxoxisana noNkk Serra Aytun Roncaglia, umqondisi we-Culture and Information Office ye-Embassy yaseTurkey eRome.
UNkk Serra Aytun Roncaglia
I-eTN: UMqondisi, u-2018 waqokwa nguMnyango Wezamasiko Nezokuvakasha waseTurkey njengo "Unyaka WeTroy." I-Turkey ibuyisela ekuphileni abaphikisi bezinkondlo zamaqhawe i-Iliad ne-Odyssey kanye neTrojan Horse edume ngokulinganayo. Kuvusa izinkumbulo zesikhathi semfundo imbongi uHomer ayigqugquzela.
Yiqiniso! Izinkondlo ezidumile zikaHomer i-Iliad ne-Odyssey zisengumthombo wesikhuthazo sezigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. I-Troy inganekwane eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke futhi, eminyakeni engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili, ingumthombo wokhuthazo lwamasiko aseNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga. I-Troy, eseduze kwedolobha laseCanakkale ku-Strait of the Dardanelles, ibilokhu iyisikhungo esibalulekile sezohwebo amakhulu eminyaka ngenxa yesimo sayo sobuchule, kepha futhi nenkundla yezemidlalo yenye yezimpi ezidume kakhulu zasendulo. Ngokuqinisekile ingenye yezindawo zemivubukulo ezidume kakhulu emhlabeni.
I-eTN: Inkulu kangakanani insimu yaseTroy namuhla, futhi yini okuheha izivakashi?
ITroy ayikhawulelwanga endaweni yokuvubukula, iphinde ibe yipaki likazwelonke elingamamitha-skwele ayi-144,000 elinokuheha okuningana okufana neTumulus yase-Achilles ne-Ajax, izindawo eziningana zasendulo, imvelo ephelele, amabhishi nemibono emangazayo. Eduze kwepaki likazwelonke, kunezindawo ezaziwa kakhulu zomhlaba wonke ezinjenge-Alexandria Troade, Asso, Apollo Sminteo, Pario, Mount Ida, ukubala nje ezimbalwa zazo. Lapha isivakashi singakwazi "ukuhamba ngaphakathi komlando" futhi sisebenzise imvelo efanelekile kubathandi bokuhamba nolwandle.
I-eTN: Yimiphi imicimbi ephambili ehlelelwe i- "2018 Year of Troy?"
Imicimbi yango-2018 ibandakanya izingqungquthela nemihlangano yamazwe omhlaba, kokubili eTurkey nakwamanye amazwe, emine yayo eyenziwe nguProfesa Rüstem Aslan ngoSepthemba odlule, eRome, eMilan kanye noNovemba 17 ePaestum, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili.
Ukuvulwa kwakamuva kweTroy Museum ngenyanga edlule impela kungumcimbi obaluleke kakhulu wohlelo lwalo nyaka. Imnyuziyamu entsha ivumela izivakashi ukuthi ziqonde kangcono indawo yaseTroas, indawo ethokozisayo yemivubukulo okungelula ukuyiqonda njengoba yayakhiwe ezinhlakeni eziningi ngaphezu kokwakhiwa kwakudala.
IMnyuziyamu ihlangana futhi ibonise iqoqo lezinto ezitholakale lapha futhi ezigcinwe kumamnyuziyamu ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi iMyuziyamu Yase-Archaeological yase-Istanbul. Kukhona nezinto zakudala ezingama-24 zokuqala zeBronze Age, ezibuyiselwe eTurkey ngenxa yokusebenzisana kweYunivesithi yasePennsylvania (USA) kanye nokuzibophezela koMnyango wethu ngokuya ngemigomo efunwa yiTurkey futhi ikhetha ukuthi ifa lamasiko ezwe lidalulwe lapho livela khona .
I-eTN: Lokhu kukhombisa uthando nokuhlonipha izizukulwane ezizayo kudinga utshalomali oluzwakalayo.
Vele, ukuzibophezela kwenhlangano kanye nezezimali zoMnyango Wezamasiko Nezokuvakasha eTurkey emkhakheni wemnyuziyamu kunesandla esivulekile. Kuneminyuziyamu eyi-198 ngaphansi kophiko lwe-Directorate General of Museums and Cultural Heritage of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Turkey kubandakanya ne-Archaeological Museums yase-Istanbul, eyasungulwa ngo-1891. Enye iminyuziyamu enkulu yaseTurkey isise-Ankara futhi iyi iMyuziyamu edume umhlaba wonke yama-Anatolian Civilizations, amaqoqo ayo abhala umlando we-Anatolia kusukela lapho iqala khona kuze kube sesikhathini samaRoma. Eminyakeni yakamuva, iminyuziyamu eminingi ivuselelwe, kwavela noma kwahlelwa ukuvela, njengeTrojan Museum entsha.
I-eTN: Kukubuphi ukusebenzisana kokuvubukula kwe-Italy-Turkey?
Kunokumbiwa okungu-118 okuphethwe yimishini yaseTurkey nezindawo ezingama-32 eziphethwe yimishini yamanye amazwe ngokubambisana namaqembu aseTurkey (idatha ka-2017). Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezikhungo zaseTurkey nezase-Italy emkhakheni wezinto zakudala kubaluleke kakhulu futhi sekusebenze amashumi eminyaka. Njengamanje kunemishini engu-7 yase-Italy yokuvubukula eTurkey esekelwa nguMnyango wethu: umsebenzi we-Usakli Höyük eYozgat wase-University of Florence, owaseYumuktepe eMersin wase-University of Lecce, lowo kaKinik Höyük eNigde wase-University of Pavia, ukuthunywa kuka-Arslantepe eMalatya waseLa Sapienza Rome University, owakwaKarkamıs eGaziantep wase-University of Bologna, ukuthunyelwa e-ElaiussaSebaste eMersin yaseLa Sapienza University kanye nokuthunyelwa eHierapolis, eDenizli, eNyuvesi yaseLecce, okusebenzayo kusukela ngo-1957 .
I-eTN: Ngabe kuzoba neziqhumane zokubungaza ukuvalwa konyaka we-2018 weTroy?
Lonke uhlelo lwacwebezela njengomlilo omkhulu. Owokugcina ukhanyisele ukuqala kwe-opera entsha enesihloko esithi "Troy" eyethulwe ngoNovemba 9 e-Ankara Congresium Opera futhi ngokuqinisekile ingomunye wemikhiqizo ebaluleke kakhulu ye-Directorate General of Opera and Ballet (DOB) yaseTurkey 2018, eqondiswa yi u-tenor Murat Karahan, futhi ongumqondisi wobuciko we- "Troy". Umsebenzi waklanywa ngezenzo ezimbili, izigcawu eziyisishiyagalombili, ekufakweni okumnandi nangokomculo okubandakanya ikwaya, umculo ne-ballet. Kuthathe izinyanga ezintathu nohhafu ukuba umqhubi nomqambi uBujor Hoinic, ngokusebenzisana nendodana u-Artun Hoinic, ukuqedela ukukhiqizwa komsebenzi.
