U-Israel ungumdlali wewayini omkhulu, okhiqiza izinhlobonhlobo ze-kosher eziwina umklomelo okungezona nje ezamaholide enkolo, amasiko, nokudla okungokwesiko. Abesifazane abakanikwa amandla. Lokhu i-athikili yewayini ye-premium ikubeka konke futhi inokuqonda. Sanibonani!
I-Barkan Winery
Uma ungakaze uzwe lokhu ngaphambilini, ake ngikwabele manje... U-Israel ungumdlali omkhulu wewayini, ukukhiqiza i-kosher ewina umklomelo izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene okungezona nje ezamaholide enkolo, amasiko enkolo, nezidlo ezingokwesiko.
Izimakethe eziqondiwe
Ubani othenga iwayini le-kosher kwa-Israyeli? Imakethe yokuthekelisa enkulu kunazo zonke yamawayini akwa-Israel yi-United States, ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-50 omkhiqizo oqondiswe kule makethe eqondiwe; I-Europe ithola amaphesenti angama-35 ewayini le-kosher, kanti okusele, amaphesenti akhulayo, atholwa eMpumalanga Ekude. I-US iyimakethe enkulu kunazo zonke engase ibe khona yamawayini akwa-Israel njengoba leli zwe linamaJuda alinganiselwa ezigidini ezi-5.5 kanye nama-Israel angaphezu kwesigamu sesigidi ahlala e-United States.
I-Israel ivuna cishe amathani angama-60,000 amagilebhisi ewayini futhi ikhiqiza amabhodlela ewayini angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-40 (2021). Kunezindawo zokudayisa iwayini ezingaba ngamashumi ayisikhombisa, kanti izindawo eziyishumi ezinkulu zewayini zilawula ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-90 omkhiqizo. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, okwandayo ngonyaka, kunenani elingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-40 zamaRandi.
Ukuqala Kwewayini. Ngiyabonga, Nowa.
I-Israel iyizwe Lomhlaba Omusha kwenye yezindawo zakudala zokutshala iwayini eMpumalanga yeMedithera, lapho isiko lewayini laqala khona.
Ngaphambi kwamaGreki namaRoma, nangaphambi kwamaNtaliyane namaFulentshi, izakhamuzi zenza iwayini kwa-Israyeli wasendulo.
Iwayini kubhekiselwa kulo enguqulweni ye-King James yeBhayibheli izikhathi ezingu-233, kuyilapho i-New International Version ikhuluma ngama-240.
Ebhayibhelini (iNcwadi kaGenesise) kubhaliwe ukuthi ngesikhathi amanzi kazamcolo ebohla (2350 BC), uNowa, umndeni wakhe, nezilwane, ngababili ngababili, behla.
UNowa wathola insimu eduze futhi waqala ukutshala isivini. Kungase kungabi isivini sokuqala ukutshalwa eMhlabeni, kodwa umnikazi wesivini wokuqala obhalwe phansi.
Indawo uNowa atshala kuyo isivini iNtaba i-Ararati, esezintabeni zaseCaucasus, manje eyaziwa ngokuthi umngcele waseTurkey wase-Armenia. Ubufakazi bemivubukulo buqinisekisa ukuthi lesi yisifunda esiseduze neGeorgia lapho i- ama-wineries okuqala zasungulwa emizaneni emincane.
Izikhamo eziningi zewayini nezimbiza ezinkulu zobumba (i-Kvevris) ezisetshenziselwa ukuvutshelwa nokugcinwa zitholakale kulo lonke elakwa-Israyeli. Amagilebhisi ayegaywa ngaphansi kwezinyawo endishini ye-limestone engashoni. Ukuvutshelwa kwakungokwemvelo futhi kushesha. Iwayini elivelayo liyekwa ukuthi liguge ku-pottery amphorae, ngokuvamile emigedeni emnyama epholile, okubonisa ukuthi amaqembu amadoda nabesifazane baqala ukutshala imivini yasendle kanye nokutshala amagilebhisi ekuqaleni kuka-6000 BC.
Kwakuphuzwa kakhulu iwayini ngoba kwakuphephile ukuliphuza kunamanzi, futhi kwakukhona ukuhweba ngewayini okuthuthuke kakhulu.
Ngemva kokunqotshwa kwe-Muslin kanye nokusungulwa koMbuso Wase-Ottoman, imboni yewayini eyayikade ichuma yabuna. Ukwenza iwayini ngekhulu le-19 kwakuwumsebenzi wasekhaya ngenxa yesidingo esingokosiko.
Ngawo-1880, amaJuda aqala ukubuyela kwa-Israyeli efuna umsebenzi osebenzayo. Imizamo yabo yasekelwa futhi yaxhaswa ngezimali nguBaron Edmund de Rothschild ongumFulentshi, owayenenkampani yewayini yaseBordeaux, i-Chateau Lafite. Wasungula imboni yewayini yesimanje yakwa-Israel etshale imali enkulu ngokutshala izivini, ukwakha izindawo ezinkulu zewayini ezinezitsha ezijulile ezingaphansi komhlaba, nokuthumela ochwepheshe baseFrance, okuhlanganisa abenzi bewayini kanye nezazi zezolimo, ukuze bafundise ama-Israel ukwenza iwayini. Imizamo yakhe emihle kakhulu yokukhiqiza iwayini elimnandi yaba yimpumelelo njengoba indawo yakhe yewayini iyisandulela senhlangano yewayini yaseKarmeli.
Ngawo-1980, ochwepheshe baseCalifornia bangeniswa ukuze balethe inguquko yewayini Yezwe Elisha eyethula amasu esimanje kokubili endaweni yewayini nesivini. Ngawo-1990s, izikhungo zewayini ezincane ezenza iwayini ngothando kanye nokuhlukana kwazo zamemezela ukuqala kwe-boutique winery boom. Ngawo-2000s, iwayini lakwa-Israel laqhutshwa yi-terroir, lenza iwayini esivini esisodwa ngenkathi ihlonza futhi ihlukanisa izici ezivela kusiqephu ngasinye ngaphakathi kwesivini. I-Israel ithole ukuqashelwa kwekhwalithi emazingeni aphezulu okokuqala ngqa.
Iwayini le-Kosher Ngaphambi Kokubusa
I-Israel inezifunda ezinhlanu ezitshala iwayini: iNegev, iJudiya Hills, uSamsoni, iSamariya, neGalile-Golan. Abakhiqizi abakhulu bewayini lakwa-Israel iKarmeli, iGolan Heights, neBarkan, ethumela izigidi zamabhodlela minyaka yonke. Namuhla kunezindawo zokuthengisa iwayini ezingaba ngu-350.
Cishe amaphesenti ayi-15 ewayini lakwa-Israel athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe; kulokho, amaphesenti angama-80 angama-kosher, angaphansi kwamaphesenti ayi-15 akhiqizwe izinjongo zesakramente.
IKarmeli yindawo yokukhiqiza iwayini enkulu kunazo zonke kwa-Israel kanye nendawo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ekhiqiza iwayini le-kosher. I-Barkan Cellars (inomnikazi wewayini le-Segal) ingeyesibili ngobukhulu kwa-Israel futhi iphethwe inkampani ekhiqiza utshwala enkulu kunazo zonke kwa-Israel, iTempo Beer Industries, okuyiqembu elikhulu kunawo wonke lakwa-Israel elikhiqiza isiphuzo esikhulu nelesibili ngobukhulu elimele imikhiqizo yamazwe ngamazwe njengeHeineken, Chivas Regal, Absolut, kanye nePepsi Cola. . I-Binyamina iyindawo yesihlanu enkulu kunazo zonke e-Israel futhi iphethwe yi-Hetzi Hinam supermarket chain.
I-Viticulture yakwa-Israel
AKULULA ukutshala amagilebhisi kwa-Israel njengoba kuhlale kungekho manzi futhi indawo egudle ugu kungenzeka ukuthi iyashisa futhi inomswakama. Lezi zinselele ziye zaphawulwa, futhi manje izifunda ezikhula ngokushesha mayelana nokutshala izivini ezintsha yiJudiya Foothills, iJudea Hills, i-Upper Galilee, neGolan Heights, njengoba eziningi zalezi zindawo zikhuphuka zisuka kumamitha angu-400 ziye kumamitha angu-1000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Hlanganisa ilanga lakwa-Israyeli, amagquma, nezindawo zezintaba nenhlabathi ye-limestone, i-terra rossa, ne-volcanic tuff, futhi leli zwe elincane liba yimpumelelo yephupho lomenzi wewayini.
Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemvula ngesikhathi sokukhula, ukuchelela nge-drip imali kubalulekile. Yaqalwa ngabakwa-Israel ekuqaleni kwawo-1960 futhi manje isisetshenziswa kwezolimo emhlabeni wonke. Ingxenye ekhethwayo yesivini sakwa-Israel iwumthambeka obheke enyakatho onemivini etshalwe empumalanga kuya entshonalanga. Imimoya epholile yaseMedithera evela entshonalanga ingangena emigqeni yezivini futhi ibe nomthelela wokupholisa, inikeze umoya omncane futhi ngaleyo ndlela inciphise umswakama futhi yehlise izinga lokushisa eliphakathi.
o Izivini eziningi ezitshalwe eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nanhlanu edlule zihambisana nesilinganiso - amamitha angu-1.5 phakathi kwezivini namamitha angu-3 phakathi kwemigqa.
o Isilinganiso sokuminyana kwesivini ngamavini angama-2220 ehektheleni
o Ukuvuna ngomshini
o Ukuvuna kuhlelelwe kusihlwa futhi kuhanjiswa ngokuqondile endaweni yokukhiqiza iwayini emazingeni okushisa asekuseni apholile.
o Ukuphathwa kwe-Canopy kubalulekile ezweni elishisayo
o Gxila ekwehliseni amandla emivini nokuvikela amagilebhisi ekuchayekeni ngokweqile
o Izivini eziningi zithenwa ngentambo kusetshenziswa i-Vertical Shoot Position (VSP)
Okudingekayo ukuze ube Kosher
Ukuze libe yi-cosher ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokudla yamaJuda, iwayini kufanele likhiqizwe kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni yindoda engumJuda eqaphile; nokho, abangewona amaJuda bangase bangabanikazi balesi sivini futhi bavune ngisho namagilebhisi. I-Kosher (ye-Yiddish ye-PROPER noma i-FIT), ukukhiqizwa kufanele kube:
1. Igadwa urabi
2. Iqukethe izithako ze-kosher kuphela (okuhlanganisa imvubelo nama-fining agents)
3. Kufanele kusetshenzwe kusetshenziswa okokusebenza okugunyazwe ngokorabi ukwenza iwayini le-kosher
4. Ngaphandle kwama-preservatives noma imibala yokwenziwa yengezwe
5. Iphathwa, kusukela emvinini kuya engilazini yewayini ngamaJuda agcina iSabatha, ngaphandle uma iwayini LITHI MEVUSHAL
6. Iwayini le-Mevushal, ngokungafani newayini elivamile le-kosher, lingaphathwa futhi linikezwe abangewona amaJuda.
7. Iwayini le-mevusal kufanele lishisiswe libe ngu-185-degree F. Ukuchayeka okunwetshiwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kungasongela uhlamvu lwewayini; kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi basungule amasu e-flash-pasteurization anciphisa umthelela ekunambithekeni kwewayini
8. Ukuze libe yi-cosher ngePhasika, iwayini kufanele lingabi nezithasiselo ezithile (okungukuthi, isiraphu yommbila nemifino)
Barkan
Ngethulwe kuBarkan Wines emcimbini wakamuva eDolobheni laseNew York oxhaswe yi-Barkan Winery kanye ne-Israel Wine Producers Association (WPA), inhlangano esungulwe ukuphatha izindawo ezihamba phambili zewayini zakwa-Israel kanye nokuqhakambisa i-Israel njengendawo ekhiqiza iwayini elihle.
I-Barkan Winery yaqalwa ngo-1990 ngu-Shmuel Boxer no-Yair Lerner. Ekuqaleni, imisebenzi yayitholakala eBarkan Industrial Estate, eduze kwase-Ariel. Ngo-1994 inkampani yaphumela obala futhi yathuthela endaweni entsha ceke yewayini e-Hulda, eduze kwase-Rehovot, eduze nesivini esingamahektha ayi-120, esikhulu kunazo zonke ezweni. Abanikazi bamasheya abakhulu eBarkan nguShmuel Boxer, uYair Lerner, noZivit Shapir.
I-Barkan Wine Cellars ikhiqiza amabhodlela ayizigidi eziyi-12-14 ngonyaka. Ithola amagilebhisi ezindaweni ezikhiqiza iwayini e-Golan Heights, e-Upper Galilee, eGalile Esezansi, esifundeni saseMount Tabor, ezintabeni zaseJerusalema naseMitzpe Ramon.
I-Barkan ihlanganisa i-Village, i-La Tavola, i-Barkani Classic, i-Reserve, i-Siginesha, i-Superior, ne-Altitude. Le nkampani isebenza ngokubambisana nezinkampani ezikhiqiza iwayini emazweni ngamazwe, okuhlanganisa iRoyal Wine Company (US), Kedem Europe Ltd (UK) kanye neRon Riess Import Export (Germany kanye ne-S.A.R.L Zaoui (France).
Umkhiqizi omkhulu wewayini ngu-Ido Levinson, owafundela i-viticulture ne-enology e-Italy eNyuvesi yaseMilan futhi usebenze eTuscany, eFrance, e-Australia, nase-Israel. Ngo-2017 waqokwa njengoHead Winemaker weBarkan-Segal Wine Cellars. U-Levinson uyi-Master of Wine yesibili kwa-Israel futhi ungomunye wezingcweti ezingama-409 (MW) emhlabeni jikelele, okukhona abakhi bewayini abayi-100.
Amawayini
Ukuqondisa kwe-Kosher: Kulungile. URabi Ungar, uRabi Berger. I-Cabernet Sauvignon. Hhayi uMevushal. I-Kosher yePhasika. Ukuvuthwa emiphongolweni ye-oki yesiFulentshi. Leli wayini lalivutshelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo imvubelo yendabuko, ngokwemvelo litholakala esivinini kanye nasemagilebhisini. Isu lakha isethi ehlukile yezimpawu namaphunga.
Amanothi. Esweni, irubi elimnyama elibomvu elinerimu elibomvu ukuya kokunsomi. Ikhala lithola amajikijolo amnyama, ama-blackcurrants, ama-plums amnyama, ama-clove, umhlaba, izinkuni, i-vanilla elula, ushokoledi omnyama, ikhofi, nopelepele omnyama. Nge-acidity emaphakathi, iveza umuzwa womlomo obushelelezi. Yomisa olwangeni ngama-cherries, ama-raspberries, ama-blueberries, i-oki, izinongo, nopelepele. Ama-tannins amahle ahlanganiswe nama-raspberries amnandi aphetha umuzwa wokunambitheka okujabulisa ulwanga. Uma ibhodlela lihlala livuliwe isikhathi eside, ukuboniswa okungcono kwama-tannins.
I-Marawi (aka Hamdani) ingelinye lamagilebhisi ambalwa omdabu wase-Israel avela e-Bar Giora ezintabeni zaseJudiya. Amagilebhisi ahlehlela emuva eminyakeni eyizi-2000, abuyiselwe, futhi manje akhiqizwa ukuhweba. Ngokubambisana nocwaningo lukaDkt. Shivi Drori e-Ariel University kanye nezindawo zewayini ezintsha ezifana ne-Segal, manje sekunethuba lokuthola amagilebhisi asendulo. Ngemva kokuvutshelwa ezitsheni zensimbi engagqwali, iwayini liguga izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili emiphongolweni ye-oki yase-French enezinduku eziqhubekayo.
Amanothi. Iso lethulwa ngombala wegolide welamula omaphakathi. Njengoba ikhala lami liseduze nengilazi, ngingathola i-oki ekhanyayo enamazwibela esithelo samatshe namawolintshi. Ulwanga luyakhanya futhi lucwebile, lulandelwa ulamula ne-apula eliluhlaza.
Uma uthanda iwayini elinezithelo, i-Native izoba i-BFF yakho, futhi uzothokomala uze ufike ku-grapefruit nama-nectarines agqanyiswe ngokuphuza kwezinongo ngemva kokuphuza, ingilazi ngemva kwengilazi.
Amagilebhisi atshalwa eGalile Esenhla.
Amanothi. Okunsomi okumnyama emehlweni namajikijolo amnyama, ama-cherries amnyama, nokusikisela kwe-oki ethosiwe, i-nutmeg, amakhambi amasha, namahlamvu aluhlaza kugcina ikhala limatasa. Imaphakathi nomzimba ogcwele olwangeni ithuthukiswe i-graphite ne-licorice, izinongo, i-basil, nogwayi. Ama-tannin akhuphuka futhi aholele ekuqedeni isikhathi eside.
© UDkt Elinor Garely. Lo mbhalo we-copyright, ofaka nezithombe, awunakukhiqizwa kabusha ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliwe evela kumbhali.
