Umbiko Omusha: Ukwehlukanisa I-Alzheimer's Early Ekugugeni Okujwayelekile

I-Alzheimer's Association 2022 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures ibike ithole imininingwane emisha ehlobene nezinselelo zombili odokotela kanye nomphakathi waseMelika obhekene nazo ekuqondeni nasekuxilongeni ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okumaphakathi (MCI), okubonakala ngezinguquko ezicashile enkumbulweni nasekucabangeni. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi u-10% kuya ku-15% wabantu abane-MCI bayaqhubeka nokuba nokuwohloka komqondo unyaka ngamunye. Futhi njengoba usayizi wabantu base-US abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu uqhubeka nokukhula (kusuka ezigidini ezingama-58 ngo-2021 kuye ezigidini ezingama-88 ngo-2050), kuzoba njalo nenani nengxenye yabantu baseMelika abane-Alzheimer's noma okunye ukuwohloka komqondo okunikezwe ubungozi obukhulayo bokuwohloka komqondo ngokukhula ngeminyaka. .

Umbiko waminyaka yonke wamaqiniso kanye nezibalo unikeza ukubheka okujulile kwezibalo zakamuva zikazwelonke kanye nezifundazwe mayelana nokusabalala kwesifo i-Alzheimer's, ukufa, ukunakekelwa kanye nezindleko zokunakekelwa. Umbiko walo nyaka uhlanganisa nesigaba esisha sabasebenzi abanakekela ukuwohloka komqondo. Umbiko okhethekile ohambisana nalokhu, Okungaphezu Kokuguga Okujwayelekile: Ukuqonda Ukukhubazeka Okuncane Kokuqonda (MCI), okokuqala ngqa uhlole ukuqonda kodokotela basesidlangalaleni nabanakekela okuyinhloko (PCP) ngokuqwashisa komhlaba wangempela, ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa kwe-MCI ne-MCI ngenxa ye-Alzheimer's. isifo e-United States.

“Ukukhubazeka okumaphakathi kwengqondo kuvame ukudideka 'nokuguga okuvamile,' kodwa akuyona ingxenye yenqubo evamile yokuguga," kusho u-Maria Carrillo, Ph.D., isikhulu sesayensi, i-Alzheimer's Association. "Ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinkinga zengqondo ezibangelwa ukuguga okuvamile, labo abahlotshaniswa ne-MCI nalabo abahlobene ne-MCI ngenxa yesifo i-Alzheimer's kubalulekile ekusizeni abantu ngabanye, imindeni yabo kanye nodokotela balungiselele ukwelashwa nokunakekelwa kwesikhathi esizayo."

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi i-12% kuya ku-18% yabantu abaneminyaka engu-60 noma ngaphezulu bane-MCI. Nakuba abanye abantu abane-MCI bebuyela ekuqondeni okuvamile noma bahlale bezinzile, ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi u-10% kuya ku-15% wabantu abane-MCI bayaqhubeka nokuba nokuwohloka komqondo unyaka ngamunye. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabantu abane-MCI ngenxa yesifo i-Alzheimer's bahlakulela ukuwohloka komqondo kwe-Alzheimer phakathi neminyaka emihlanu. Ukuhlonza ukuthi yibaphi abantu abaphila ne-MCI okungenzeka ukuthi babe nokuwohloka komqondo kuwumgomo omkhulu wocwaningo lwamanje, olungase luvumele ukungenelela kwezifo kwangaphambilini kanye nokwelashwa.

Ukuntula ukwazi kodwa nokukhathazeka

Naphezu kokusabalala kwabantu baseMelika asebekhulile, umbiko omusha wathola ukuthi abangaphezu kwe-4 kwabangu-5 baseMelika (82%) bazi okuncane kakhulu noma abajwayelene ne-MCI. Uma ucelwa ngencazelo ye-MCI, abangaphezu kwesigamu (55%) bathi i-MCI izwakala njengokuthi "ukuguga okuvamile."

Uma i-MCI ngenxa yesifo i-Alzheimer's ichazwa, cishe isigamu sabaphenduli (42%) sizwakalisa ukukhathazeka ngokusithuthukisa esikhathini esizayo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kukhathazeka, iningi elikhulu (85%) lingafuna ukufunda ngesifo i-Alzheimer ngaphambi kokukhula kwaso, kungaba phakathi nesigaba se-MCI (54%) noma isigaba sokuwohloka komqondo esimaphakathi (31%).

Izinselelo engxoxweni nasekuxilongweni

Okutholakele okwengeziwe kukhanyisa ukuthi kungani abantu ababonisa izimpawu ze-MCI bemanqikanqika ukuxoxa ngazo nodokotela babo, ababhekana nezinselele eziqhubekayo zokuxilongwa kweziguli zabo. Phakathi kokutholakele:

• Abangaphansi kwesigamu sabaphenduli (40%) bathi bazobona udokotela ngokushesha uma behlangabezana nezimpawu ze-MCI, kuyilapho iningi (60%) lizolinda noma lingamboni nhlobo udokotela.

• Cishe abangu-8 kwabangu-10 abaphendulile (78%) bazwakalise ukukhathazeka ngokubona udokotela ngezimpawu ze-MCI, bechaza izizathu ezinjengokwesaba ukuthola ukuxilongwa okungalungile (28%); ukufunda banenkinga enkulu (27%); ukwesaba ukuthola ukwelashwa okungadingekile (26%); noma izimpawu ezikholelwayo zizoxazululeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (23%).

• Ama-75% ama-PCP athi aphambili ekuhlinzekeni ukunakekelwa kweziguli ezine-MCI. Kodwa-ke, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu kuphela zizizwa zikhululekile ukuphendula imibuzo yesiguli ehlobene ne-MCI (65%) kanye/noma ukuxoxa ngokuthi i-MCI ingahlotshaniswa kanjani nesifo i-Alzheimer's (60%).

• Ama-PCP azibophezele ekufundeni okwengeziwe nge-MCI ngenxa yesifo i-Alzheimer futhi abone izinzuzo ezicacile zokwenza ukuxilongwa okuthile (90%). Nokho, ngaphezu kwezingxenye ezintathu kwezine zama-PCPs (77%) abika i-MCI ngenxa ye-Alzheimer's ukuba nzima ukuyixilonga, futhi ingxenye (51%) ayivamisile ukuzizwa ikhululekile ukuyixilonga.

"Ukuqonda nokubona ukukhubazeka okuncane kwengqondo ngenxa yesifo i-Alzheimer's kubalulekile ngoba kunikeza ithuba langaphambili lokungenelela ekuqhubekeni kwesifo se-Alzheimer," kusho uCarrillo. “Nakuba okwamanje lingekho ikhambi lesifo i-Alzheimer’s, ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kunikeza ithuba lokuphatha kangcono lesi sifo kanye nokuqhubeka kancane kancane ngesikhathi lapho abantu besebenza ngokuzimela futhi begcina ikhwalithi yokuphila enhle.” 

Imibono yobuhlanga nobuzwe

Ukukhathazeka nokudideka okuzungeze i-MCI kubonakala kubantu abahlukahlukene futhi:

• Ukuqwashisa nokuqonda nge-MCI kuphansi kuzo zonke izinhlanga nezinhlanga ezihlolwe: Abamhlophe baseMelika (18%), ama-Asian Americans (18%), aboMdabu baseMelika (18%), abantu abamnyama baseMelika (18%) kanye nama-Hispanic Americans (17%). .

• I-Hispanic (79%) kanye nabaNsundu (80%) baseMelika babika ukuthi bafuna ukwazi ukuthi babenesifo i-Alzheimer's ngesikhathi sesigaba sangaphambili (MCI noma i-Alzheimer's dementia emaphakathi), ephansi kancane uma iqhathaniswa neWhite (88%) kanye ne-Asian (84). %) kanye naboMdabu baseMelika (84%).

• Ama-Asian (54%) kanye nama-Hispanic (52%) Abantu baseMelika basengozini enkulu yokukhathazeka ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-MCI uma kuqhathaniswa nabomdabu (47%), Abamhlophe (45%) kanye nabaseMelika Abansundu (44%).

• Ama-Asian (50%), ama-Hispanic (49%) kanye nabaNsundu (47%) AmaMelika kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi akhathazeke ngokuthuthukisa i-MCI ngenxa yesifo i-Alzheimer's, alandelwe aboMdabu (41%) nabaMhlophe baseMelika (39%).

• Ukuthola ukuxilongwa okungalungile kwaba ukukhathazeka okuphezulu kokungaboni udokotela ngokushesha ngezimpawu ze-MCI phakathi kwama-Asian (38%), abamnyama (31%) nabaseMelika abaMhlophe (27%). Isizathu esiphezulu esishiwo ama-Hispanic (27%) kanye namaMelika Omdabu (31%) sasiwukufunda ukuthi bangase babe nenkinga enkulu.

• Sekukonke, ama-43% abantu baseMelika baveze ukubamba iqhaza kocwaningo lomtholampilo njengesizathu sokuhlonzwa kusenesikhathi kwesifo i-Alzheimer's. Kodwa-ke, abaMhlophe baseMelika (50%) babenethuba eliphindwe kabili kunabase-Hispanic American (25%) lokucaphuna ukuhlanganyela esivivinyweni somtholampilo njengesizathu sokuxilonga kusenesikhathi, kulandelwa abase-Asia (40%), aboMdabu (35%) kanye nabaseMelika abamnyama (32% ).

"Izinhlolo zomtholampilo zibalulekile ekuqondeni kabanzi mayelana nokwelashwa nokunakekelwa kwesifo i-Alzheimer's samanje nalokho okungenzeka," kusho uCarrillo. “Njengoba ucwaningo lushesha, sidinga ukubhekana kangcono nokukhathazeka kwamasiko, izinkinga zokufinyelela nezinye izici ukuze siqinisekise ukubamba iqhaza okwengeziwe ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo kuzo zonke izizinda, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabantu abahlukahlukene.”

Ukubaluleka kokungenelela kusenesikhathi, izincomo zodokotela

Kwabaphendula inhlolovo ababefuna ukufunda ngesifo i-Alzheimer ngesikhathi sesigaba se-MCI, abangaphezu kwesigamu (70%) baphawule isidingo sokuhlela namathuba okwelashwa. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kunikeza imindeni isikhathi sokwenza izinqumo ezingokomthetho, zezimali nezokunakekela zesikhathi esizayo, ezisekelwe ekukhathazekeni kwesiguli nezinto ezibalulekile, futhi kuhlotshaniswa nezindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo eziphansi. Ukwengeza, iningi lama-PCPs (86%) lathi ukungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kunganciphisa ukuqhubeka kokuncipha kwengqondo.

Nokho, i-1 kuphela kuma-PCP angu-5 (20%) abika ukuthi ujwayelene nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo okutholakala ezigulini zabo ezine-MCI, futhi kuphela i-1 kuma-PCP angu-4 (23%) ethi ijwayele izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha ezisendleleni yokubhekana ne-MCI ngenxa ye-Alzheimer's. isifo. Uma i-MCI itholwa, ama-PCP avame ukuncoma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila (73%).

"Kunomsebenzi omningi okufanele wenziwe uma kuziwa ekwandiseni ukulungela kodokotela bokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo ukuxilonga ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, okubandakanya i-MCI ne-MCI ngenxa yesifo i-Alzheimer's, ikakhulukazi njengoba kwenziwa intuthuko yokuxilonga," kusho uMorgan Daven, iphini likamongameli, izinhlelo zezempilo. , I-Alzheimer's Association. "Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqwashisa kodokotela abanakekelayo ngemithi emisha engase ibe khona nokubamba iqhaza kwesiguli ocwaningweni nasekuhlolweni komtholampilo okuhlobene nesifo se-Alzheimer's."

Umbono namathuba wesikhathi esizayo

Naphezu komonakalo odabukisayo wesifo i-Alzheimer esisaqhubeka nokuba nawo kubantu ngabanye nasemindenini ezweni lonke, kokubili iziguli kanye nama-PCP azwakalisa ithemba lokuthi ukwelapha okusha okulwa nesifo i-Alzheimer sekuseduze. Izinhlolovo ezitholwe ngaphezu kwesi-7 kwabangu-10 baseMelika (73%) balindele ukuthi ukwelashwa okusha kubambezele ukuqhubeka kwesifo i-Alzheimer's kuzotholakala phakathi neminyaka eyishumi ezayo. Abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa bakholelwa ukuthi kuzoba khona izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha zokumisa ukuqhubeka (60%) kanye nokuvikela (53%) isifo i-Alzheimer's. Phakathi kwama-PCP, ama-82% alindele ukuthi kuzoba nokwelashwa okusha okubambezela ukuqhubeka kwesifo i-Alzheimer's phakathi neshumi leminyaka elizayo. Ngaphezu kwengxenye yama-PCPs (54%) alindele ukuthi kuzoba nemithi yokwelapha yokumisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo futhi ama-42% akholelwa ukuthi kuzoba nemithi yokuvimbela isifo i-Alzheimer's.

Iminyaka engamashumi amabili edlule ibonise ukwanda ekuthuthukisweni kwesigaba esisha semithi eqondiswe kubhayoloji eyisisekelo futhi ehlose ukwehlisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo i-Alzheimer's. Kusukela ngoFebhruwari 2022, kukhona izindlela zokwelapha ezishintsha izifo ezingu-104 ezihlolwayo ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo noma ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene zokugunyazwa ngokomthetho. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha ezingase zibe khona kuhloswe ngazo ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwe-MCI ngenxa yesifo i-Alzheimer kanye nokuwohloka komqondo okumaphakathi kwe-Alzheimer, ngokusho kwe-Alzheimer's Association.

Umphumela we-COVID-19

Umbiko uphinde wahlola umthelela omubi ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 olube nawo kubantu abaphila nesifo i-Alzheimer's. Yize kungaziwa ukuthi i-COVID-19 izoba nomthelela kanjani enanini nengxenye yabantu base-US abane-Alzheimer's, i-COVID-19 ngokusobala ibe nomthelela omkhulu ekufeni kwabantu abavela e-Alzheimer's kanye nokunye ukuwohloka komqondo. Ngokombiko, kube nabanye abantu abangama-44,729 abashona ngenxa yesifo i-Alzheimer's kanye nokunye ukuwohloka komqondo ngo-2020 uma kuqhathaniswa nezilinganiso phakathi neminyaka emihlanu edlule - okuwu-17%.

Lo mbiko uqokomisa imininingwane yokuqala neyenganekwane ekhombisa ukuthi lo bhubhane unemiphumela emibi kubanakekeli abaningi bemindeni. Iphawula izinselelo zokunakekela ezihambisana nobhubhane, okuhlanganisa ukuvalwa kwezikhungo zokunakekela izingane zasemini kanye nokungakwazi kwemindeni ukuvakashela noma ukuxhumana nezihlobo ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside, kubangele “ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo neminye imiphumela engemihle phakathi kwabanakekeli.”

Idatha eyengeziwe evela embikweni ifakiwe ngezansi futhi izibalo eziphezulu zokusabalala kwesifo i-Alzheimer's, ukufa, izindleko zokunakekelwa, ukunakekelwa kanye nabasebenzi bokunakekela ukuwohloka komqondo kuyatholakala lapha. Umbhalo ogcwele wombiko we-Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures wango-2022, okuhlanganisa nombiko okhethekile ohambisana nawo, Ukuguga Okungaphezu Kokuvamile: Ukuqonda Ukukhubazeka Kokuqonda Okumaphakathi kungabukwa kokuthi alz.org/facts. Umbiko uzovela futhi kumagazini ka-April 2022 we-Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association.