Amawayini e-Bordeaux: Aqala Ngobugqila

Lapho ngivakashela e-Bordeaux, ngazibuza ngesakhiwo esihle kakhulu sekhulu le-18 eligcwele izindlu ezinkulu nezakhiwo zomphakathi ezenza leli dolobha libe lihle kakhulu futhi linezakhiwo. Yayiyini umthombo wemali eyakha leli dolobha - ngokuqinisekile ayizange ivele ekuqaleni kwemboni yewayini. Ukucasha ngemuva kwalezi zinkundla ezinhle kuyifa elibi.

Ukuhweba Ngezigqila

Ubugqila bubambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komnotho waseBordeaux phakathi kwekhulu le-16 nele-19. Bekuyibhizinisi elinenzuzo enkulu ngemikhumbi yaseFrance ehambisa abantu base-Afrika abacishe babe yizigidi ezi-2 eNew World ngohwebo lwe-transatlantic, iqhuba uhambo lwezigqila ezingaphezu kuka-500.

Maphakathi nekhulu le-17, uJean-Baptiste Colbert, uNgqongqoshe Wezezimali kuLouis XIV, waklama i-Code Noir futhi yachaza izimo zobugqila embusweni wamakoloni waseFrance okuhlanganisa:

1. Izigqila ezibalekile ezazingekho inyanga yonke zaziphawulwa futhi zinqunywe izindlebe.

2. Isijeziso sokungabikho kwezinyanga ezi-2 kwakuwukunqunywa komsipha.

3. Ukungabikho kwesithathu kubangela ukufa.

4. Abanikazi babengazibopha ngamaketanga futhi bashaye izigqila, kodwa bangazihlukumezi noma bazicwiye.

I-Code Noir yathathwa njengeminye yemibhalo eminingi esemthethweni ephathelene nobuhlanga, ubugqila kanye nenkululeko eyake yenziwa eYurophu.

Ubugqila baqedwa ngo-1794 ngenxa yeNguquko yaseHaiti neyaseFrance. Lapho uNapoleon Bonaparte eqala ukubusa ngenjongo yokudala uMbuso WaseFrance enye yezinguquko zakhe yayiwukuthi ubugqila babuphinde busemthethweni (1804). Kwakuzothatha eminye iminyaka engu-40 ngaphambi kokuba ubugqila buqedwe, nakuba kwaqhubeka ngasese, kwaze kwaba ngemva kweMpi Yombango yase-US. IPhalamende laseFrance lamemezela ubugqila njengecala elibhekiswe esintwini ngo-2001

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Osomabhizinisi baseFrance babesebenza kahle kakhulu, bebhala imithetho ukuze baqhube ukuhweba ngezigqila okushelelayo futhi okuphumelelayo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 iFrance yalahlekelwa ikoloni layo elibaluleke kakhulu, i-St. eBordeaux (enye yezindawo ezinkulu zokuhweba zohwebo ngezigqila emhlabeni), yabhekana nengcindezi yokuba isuke ekuhwebeni kwamakoloni okuhilela ukuhweba kwabantu abagqilaziwe, ihwebe ngokunye futhi iwayini langena esithombeni.

Ngaleli shifu imindeni yabahwebi iqhubekile nokuchuma futhi iqongelela ingcebo (imindeni eyi-17 kwengu-25 ecebe kakhulu ehwebelana kuzo zombili izinkambu). Abasunguli bohwebo lwewayini babenekhono kangangokuthi namuhla, emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva, eminingi yalemindeni yabahwebi isaqhubeka nokubamba izikhundla eziholayo ezimbonini zewayini ezinhle nezihlobene nemigwaqo eminingi edolobheni eqanjwe ngabo okuhlanganisa (okungukuthi, uDavid Gradis, 1665- 1751, umgwaqo owawunemikhumbi yezigqila eyi-10; iSaige Street; Indawo des Quinconces, isikwele esikhulu kunazo zonke eBordeaux, izigqila ezibukwa umphakathi).

Izivumelwano Zebhizinisi Zisetshenziswe Kabusha

Izinqubo zebhizinisi ezakhiwe ekuhwebeni kwabantu zakha isisekelo sohwebo lwewayini. Imiqondo ephinde yasetshenziswa ihlanganisa:

1. Imikhiqizo enenani eliphezulu ebolayo ethuthwa iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu.

2. Izindinganiso ze-Bordeaux zichaza “ikhwalithi” yabantu abagqilaziwe egcizelela umthombo wemvelaphi (izifunda ezihlukene entshonalanga ye-Afrika) esungula amakilasi ekhwalithi amane ayisisekelo.

3. Izindlela zokufaka amanani zasetshenziswa ukuze kumiswe intengo eyisisekelo yekhwalithi ephezulu ngamaphesenti aphansi esigabeni ngasinye sekhwalithi ephansi.

4. Umbono we-microclimate (inhlabathi, imvula, njll.) oxhunywe endaweni encane eyingqayizivele wawuyisisekelo encazelweni yekhwalithi.

Kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokuhweba ngezigqila njengesifanekiso, ngo-1855 uhlelo olwaziwayo lokuhlukaniswa kwewayini lwachaza iwayini elisezingeni futhi imithetho yabeka amakilasi ekhwalithi amahlanu ukusuka ku-Quincoces Premier Cru kuya e-Cinquie me Cru - uhlelo olusasebenza.

Imindeni yabahwebi yatshala imali ekwenzeni iwayini, ithenge izivini ezindala, ikhiphe amanzi, futhi itshale izivini ezintsha. Besebenzisa izinsiza zokuthengisa abantu abagqilaziwe, bakha ama-chateaus ngesitayela senkathi ephakathi futhi benza ukukhiqizwa nokudayiswa kwewayini kuphumelele kakhulu futhi ngezinga elikhulu.

Iningi labanikazi bezindawo ezinkulu ezindala izindawo zabo zafakwa ngaphansi kukahulumeni ngesikhathi soguquko futhi nangemva kwenguquko lezi zivini kanye nama-chateaux ayethengiswa, okwenza kube lula kubathengisi abacebile ukuthi bangene kuleli bhizinisi. Abathengisi baphinde basungula amabhange nezinkampani zomshwalense ukuze bahlele futhi bavikele ukuhweba kwabo.

Ezokuvakasha

Izivakashi ezinentshisekelo emlandweni wokuhweba ngezigqila zaseBordeaux kufanele zithinte, uKarfa Diallo (facebook.com/karfa.diallo), umsunguli we-Memoires et Partage (imikhankaso yokukhumbula ubugqila obunqamula i-Atlantic Ocean eFrance naseSenegal) kanye noMsunguli Wenyanga Yomlando Wabantu Abamnyama yase-Bordeaux.

Ngo-2009, iMuseum of Aquitaine yasungula umbukiso waphakade ochaza ngeqhaza leBordeaux kwezentengiselwano ezisekelwe ebugqilini baseFrance. Uhulumeni wedolobha wabeka uqwembe esikhumulweni semikhumbi eduze nomfula ukuze kukhunjulwe umlando wobugqila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfanekiso kaModeste Testas, owesifazane oyisigqila owathengwa abazalwane ababili baseBordeaux, wamiswa osebeni lomfula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idolobha selifake izingcwecwe emigwaqweni emihlanu yokuhlala eqanjwe ngamadoda asendaweni aqavile ayebandakanyeka ekuhwebeni ngezigqila e-Atlantic.

Lolu uchungechunge olugxile ewayinini laseBordeaux.

Hlala ubukele okuningi.

© UDkt Elinor Garely. Lo mbhalo we-copyright, ofaka nezithombe, awunakukhiqizwa kabusha ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliwe evela kumbhali.

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