I-Barbados iba yisiqhingi esincane sokuqala esingathathi hlangothi

Cabanga ngefulethi, 430 sq. km. ichashazi e-Caribbean - kufakwe ilanga, ulwandle, nesihlabathi - kuxhaswe amandla ahlanzekile ngokuphelele, idamu lezimoto eliluhlaza ngokugcwele, namaphaneli elanga ophahleni lwendlu yonke indawo. Barbados izoguqula ngokuphelele indlela ephila ngayo, esebenza ngayo, futhi edala kabusha - phakathi neminyaka eyishumi. Kodwa kungani kunephutha elikhulu kangaka? Ngaphandle nje kokukhombisa ubuholi obunezifiso zesimo sezulu, izwe linengxube eyinkimbinkimbi yezinselelo edinga uguquko olunjalo.

Ukuqala, lesi siqhingi sinesizinda somthombo omncane kakhulu. Ezokuvakasha yizona ezihamba phambili ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ezibalelwa kumaphesenti angama-40 we-GDP (eqondile noma engaqondile). Uma kungenjalo, izinketho zokukhiqiza imali zikhawulelwe. Lokhu nakanjani kukhulisa ukuncika ekubolekeni. Lesi siqhingi asikukhiqizi ukudla okwanele ukuhlangabezana nesidingo futhi sinowoyela, igesi, noma ezinye izinto ezibalulekile. Ngakho-ke izikweletu zokungenisa ezweni ziphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lo mnotho omncane ovulekile usemseni wezimakethe zomhlaba kanye nezitayela.

Okulandelayo, engeza isiqinisekiso saminyaka yonke sesimo sezulu esibi esivela ezivunguvungwini zasezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Atlantic ezingase futhi zicekele phansi umnotho wase-Caribbean, imiphakathi, nendawo yemvelo - cishe ngama-200% we-GDP kwezinye izimo. Bese wengeza ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, okuzokwenza lezi zinhlelo zibe namandla kakhulu futhi zivame kakhulu. Kuwusongo olukhona ukuthi iBarbados ayinakho nje ukunethezeka kokuziba.

Kudingeka isixazululo esibhekana nezinhlaka eziningi. Leyo ekhuthaza ukuvikeleka kwamandla nokudla, evikela imvelo, eyakha amandla okumelana nesimo sezulu kanye nomthelela wesimo sezulu, futhi ihlela kabusha indawo yezimali ukuze ihlinzekele kangcono izinto eziza kuqala zentuthuko - ukuguqula isiqhingi sibe yindawo esimeme kakhulu inguqulo ngokwayo.

Umgomo uwukuba ungathathi hlangothi ngekhabhoni ngenkathi ugcina indawo evikelekile, umphakathi ozinzile, nomnotho osimeme noqinile. Lokhu kuzibophezela kusekelwe kuNqubomgomo Kazwelonke Yamandla ka-2019-2030. Eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo, iBarbados izolwela uku:

• Khulisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo (RE), ikakhulukazi emithonjeni yelanga, umoya, kanye ne-biofuel kanye nokuphehla uphethiloli okusekelwe kuphethiloli.

• Shifta umphakathi uye ekuhambeni okuluhlaza ngokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezimoto zikagesi noma ezixubile (EVs).

• Ukuthuthukisa ukongiwa kwamandla (EC) nokusebenza kahle (EE) ngokunqanyulwa kwezibani ezingasebenzi kahle nezinto zikagesi, nokusungula amazinga okukhuthaza imikhiqizo esebenza kahle kakhulu.

• Khuthaza ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, ngokuhlinzeka ngosizo lwezobuchwepheshe nezezimali, kanye nokubeka izinyathelo zezimali (izibonelelo, imalimboleko, izaphulelo zentela kanye nokukhululwa, ukukhululwa entelani evela kwamanye amazwe).

• Ukuguqula umthetho kanye nokwakha amandla ukuze kube lula uguquko lwamandla.

Izici ezibalulekile zempumelelo

Nakuba isiqhingi sisesekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokuqalisa, singakwazi kakade ukukhomba izici ezithile ezibalulekile zokushayela.

Isiqhingi sase-tropical esiyisicaba njengeBarbados siyindawo eyinhloko yokusebenzisa amandla elanga. Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1970, lesi siqhingi sibe ngumholi embonini yobuchwepheshe bokushisa kwamanzi elanga (SWH). Isiqhingi (esinye) samazinga aphezulu kakhulu okufakwa kwe-SWH kulo lonke elase-Caribbean, okonga abathengi phakathi kwe-USD 11.5-16 million ngonyaka. Ifa le-SWH nolwazi lunikeza umfutho embonini yasendaweni ye-solar photovoltaic (PV) ukuthi ithuthuke. Imakethe yezimoto zikagesi ekhulayo eBarbados nayo iyakhuthaza. Phela, ukunyuka kwakamuva kwentengo kawoyela negesi emhlabeni wonke kugqugquzele izakhamuzi eziningi ukuthi zitshale imali emandleni aluhlaza nezokuthutha.

Umthelela wobuholi obuqinile besimo sezulu kanye nentando yezombangazwe ngeke weqiswe. Lokhu kukhonjiswa kuwo wonke umphakathi waseBarbadian kodwa manje sekudume kakhulu phakathi kukaNdunankulu, uMia Amor Mottley. Uqhamuke esiteji samazwe omhlaba, emele iBarbados nazo zonke izifundazwe ezincane eziqhingini, lapho ebhekene nenkinga yesimo sezulu. Ithonya lakhe kanye nothando lwakhe ezingxoxweni zomhlaba wonke kwamtholela umklomelo wokuba Iqhawe Lomhlaba Lobuholi Benqubomgomo ngo-2021.

Ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezezimali okuhlinzekwa ngabalingani bezokuthuthukiswa kwamazwe amabili, amazwe amaningi, kanye nohulumeni bamazwe kube wusizo olukhulu. Kusukela ngo-2019, i-Barbados ihlomule ekutshalweni kwezimali kwamandla kagesi angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-USD 50 kusuka kulaba ozakwethu, ihlinzeka ngezimali ezibalulekile ukusiza i-Barbados ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo zenqubomgomo.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubomgomo, abenzi benqubomgomo benze ucwaningo olubanzi, okuhlanganisa imibuthano eminingana yokubonisana kuwo wonke umkhakha wezamandla wase-Barbados ngo-2016 no-2017, kanye nemihlangano yabathintekayo yemikhakha eminingi ngo-2018. Basebenzise i-Multi-Criteria Approach (MCA) ukuze bathwebule inhlobonhlobo ye umthelela wemibono, okuhlanganisa izintshisekelo ezingase ziqhudelane.

Uphiko Lwezamandla lukahulumeni luwuhlaka oluxhumanisa inqubomgomo. Ngenxa yokuthi imvelo yalesi sifiso idinga ukuthi yonke imikhakha ihlanganiswe, inqubomgomo ithinta ama-ejensi kuyo yonke imikhakha yomphakathi, ezimele, kanye nezinhlaka zomphakathi. Ozakwethu bezentuthuko njenge-Inter-American Development Bank, i-Caribbean Development Bank, kanye ne-European Commission nabo babalulekile ekuxhaseni ngezimali izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zokuqaliswa.

Cishe eminyakeni emine yokuqaliswa, yonke le misebenzi engenhla iyaqhubeka. Ukubuyekezwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuhlelwa njalo eminyakeni emi-5 njengoba izinsiza zivumela ukuhlola ukuqhubeka nokwenza izinguquko.

Izifundo ezifundiwe

Ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 kanye nokuwohloka okwalandela kwezokuvakasha kwamazwe ngamazwe kucindezele kakhulu umsebenzi wezomnotho wendawo futhi kwanciphisa kakhulu indawo yezimali. Ubhubhane luphinde lwandisa isilinganiso sesikweletu-kuya ku-GDP, savimbela ikhono lokuboleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yobukhulu obuhlobene bomnotho kanye nenani labantu, i-Barbados ingumthengi wobuchwepheshe kuphela njengamanje, futhi izindleko zeyunithi yobuchwepheshe be-RE ne-EV (kanye nezindleko zemali yephrojekthi yokutshalwa kwezimali kwesimo sezulu ngokuvamile) zihlala ziphezulu. Kodwa-ke, izwe liyaqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngezibonelelo zezimali kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokweseka ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe kuso sonke isiqhingi. I-Barbados iphinde iveze amathuba okuthola uxhaso lwezimali lwemisebenzi ethile yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.

Kunesidingo sokuqhubeka nokuqinisa izikhungo ukuze ziphishekele amathuba, okuhlanganisa nokuqeqeshwa kanye nokwakhiwa kwamakhono. Kodwa-ke, izinhlangano zikahulumeni nezizimele zenze izinhlelo zemfundo ephakeme nezobuchwepheshe ukuze kwakhiwe amasethi amakhono ahlobene ne-RE kanye ne-EV kanye nokwandisa umthamo wabasebenzi bendawo.

Idatha yamandla kanye nesisi esikhishwayo iyadingeka kweminye imikhakha ukuze kuqashwe futhi kukale inqubekelaphambili, kanye nokuqedela uhlu lwe-GHG lwesiqhingi. Nakuba ukuphathwa kwedatha kuseyinselele, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izikhala zedatha ziyavalwa. Ukwesekwa okuvela kozakwethu bamazwe ngamazwe kuzobaluleka ekusekeleni ukuphathwa kwedatha ukuya phambili.

Ngenkathi iBarbados isenayo indlela okufanele ihambe, yenze ezinye:

Izimpumelelo ezibonakalayo neziphawulekayo

• Bangaphezu kuka-2,000 abakhiqizi bamandla abazimele abakhiqiza amandla elanga angu-50 MW – afinyelela cishe ku-20% wamandla elanga angaba khona.

• Izakhiwo zikahulumeni ezingu-15+ zifakelwe kabusha ngamasistimu e-solar photo-voltaic kanye nezinto ezonga amandla. Kuhlelelwe ezinye izakhiwo eziyi-100.

• Inqubomgomo kahulumeni yokuthengwa kwempahla manje isibeka eqhulwini ukuthengwa kwezimoto zikagesi noma eziyingxubevange, lapho kungenzeka khona.

• Izithuthi zomphakathi eziphethwe uhulumeni okwamanje zihlanganisa amabhasi angama-49 EV. Izinhlelo zokuthola amabhasi engeziwe ayi-10 zizokhuphula isabelo samabhasi kagesi emkhunjini sifinyelele cishe ku-85%. Angaphezu kuka-350 ama-EV manje asendleleni.

• Angaphezu kuka-24,000 amalambu asemgwaqweni afakwe amalambu e-LED.

• Uhulumeni wenze ukuvinjelwa kwamapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye (i-polyethylene, i-polypropylene, noma enye isisekelo se-petroleum).

• I-Hybrid & Electric Vehicle Laboratory kanye ne-Solar Classroom Village iye yasungulwa e-Samuel Jackman Prescod Institute of Technology ukuze kufundwe futhi kuboniswe kuyo.

• Okungenani izinhlelo zemfundo yezobuchwepheshe nezemfundo ephakeme ezi-5 zitholakala ezindaweni Zokulawulwa Amandla Avuselelwayo, Ukufakwa kwe-PV, Ukuklama Nokuzijwayeza kwe-PV, Okuyisisekelo Kokugcinwa Kwe-EV, phakathi kokunye.

• I-Energy Smart Fund yasungulwa ukuze inikeze ukwesekwa kwe-RE/EE kumabhizinisi afanelekayo. Isikhwama senziwe kabusha imali engu-USD 13.1 million ngo-2022 futhi sesiqale umkhankaso obanzi wokufundisa ngewebhusayithi yaso kanye nemicimbi yewebhu.

• Iphrojekthi ye-RE esekwe e-Barbados yaklonyeliswa ngendondo ye-Energy Globe ka-2022, futhi i-Barbados yazuza imiklomelo emi-2 ye-Best Energy Efficiency Project kanye ne-Best E-Mobility Project kuma-2022 Caribbean Renewable Energy Forum's Industry Awards.