I-IATA: Ukuxhasa ukukhula okungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kufinyelela phezulu kwi-ajenda ephelele eMhlanganweni we-ICAO

The Inhlangano Yezindiza Yezindiza Yomhlaba Wonke (IATA) uveze amathemba aphezulu emiphumeleni yoMkhandlu wama-40 we I-International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), iqala namuhla eMontreal.

Ukukhuthaza amazwe angamalungu e-ICAO ukuthi aqhubeke nokusekela imizamo yale mboni yokubhekana nomthelela wayo wokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuzoba seqhulwini ku-ajenda.

I-ajenda yemboni ihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlanganiswa okuphephile kwama-drones ekulawuleni indawo yomoya
• Ukusungula indlela engaguquguquki emhlabeni wonke kubagibeli abakhubazekile,
• Ukusebenzisa uhlaka lwezomthetho lwamazwe ngamazwe ukuphatha udaba lwabagibeli abangalawuleki
• Ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zesimanje nezilungele ukuhlonza abagibeli, kanye,
• Ukwehlisa ukuba sengozini kwe-Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ekuphazamisekeni okuyingozi.

Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu

“Eminyakeni emithathu edlule, amazwe angamalungu e-ICAO afinyelela isivumelwano esiyingqopha-mlando sokusebenzisa i-Carbon Offset and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA). Yonke imboni yezokundiza ikwamukele lokhu kuzibophezela okubalulekile njengengxenye yendlela yonke yokunciphisa umthelela wokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kule mboni. Namuhla, i-CORSIA ingokoqobo ngezindiza ezilandelela ukukhishwa kwazo. Ngeshwa, kunobungozi bangempela bokuthi i-CORSIA izobukelwa phansi ohulumeni abanqwabelanisa kumathuluzi entengo ekhabhoni engeziwe. Zibizwa 'ngezintela eziluhlaza' kodwa asikayiboni imali eyabelwe ukunciphisa ikhabhoni. I-CORSIA kwavunyelwana ngayo njengesinyathelo esisodwa somnotho womhlaba wonke sokufinyelela ukukhula kwe-carbon-neutral ngokukhiqiza amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-40 ekuxhasweni kwesimo sezulu kanye nokunciphisa amathani ayizigidigidi ezi-2.5 e-CO2 phakathi kuka-2021 no-2035. Ohulumeni kufanele bagxile ekwenzeni leso sibopho sibe yimpumelelo,” kusho uMqondisi we-IATA. Jikelele kanye ne-CEO u-Alexandre de Juniac.

I-IATA, ngokubambisana ne-Airports Council International (ACI), i-Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation (CANSO), i-International Business Aviation Council (IBAC) kanye ne-International Coordinating Council of Aerospace Industries Associations (ICCAIA), edidiyelwe yi-Air Transport Action Group. (ATAG) bathumele iphepha lokusebenza, phakathi kwezinye izinto, elicela ohulumeni ukuthi:

• Qinisekisa kabusha ukubaluleka kwe-CORSIA kuMhlangano we-ICAO
• Bamba iqhaza ku-CORSIA kusukela esikhathini sokuzithandela ngaphambi kokuthi kube isibopho ngo-2027
• Qinisekisa futhi ukuthi i-CORSIA “iyisinyathelo esisekelwe emakethe esisebenza ekukhishweni kwe-CO2 kwezindiza zamazwe ngamazwe,” futhi
• Namathela esimisweni sokuthi ukukhishwa kwezindiza zamazwe ngamazwe kufanele kubalwe kanye kuphela, kungabi nokuphindwaphindwa.

Ukuhlanganiswa Okuphephile Nokuphumelelayo kwe-UAS (drones) ku-Airspace

I-Unmanned Aircraft Systems (i-UAS, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-drones), inamandla amakhulu, okuhlanganisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla yendlu ngendlu, ukuhamba komoya emadolobheni kanye nokulethwa kwezimpahla eziphuthumayo kanye nemithi ezindaweni ezikude. Kodwa-ke, imfuneko yangaphambilini ukuhlanganiswa kwawo okuphephile nokusebenza kahle endaweni yezindiza ezisetshenziselwa ukuthutha abagibeli.

"Ngo-2023, ukusebenza kwe-drone e-US kuphela kungase kuphindwe kathathu ngokusho kwezinye izilinganiso. Futhi umkhuba ovamile uyafana emhlabeni wonke. Inselele iwukuthola leli thuba ngokuphepha. Ukuphepha kwezindiza zomphakathi kuyisibonelo. Izimboni kanye nohulumeni kumele basebenze ngokubambisana emazingeni omhlaba kanye nezinto ezintsha ezidingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe ngokuphepha amandla amakhulu wama-drones, "kusho u-de Juniac.

I-IATA, ngokubambisana ne-CANSO kanye ne-International Federation of Air Line Pilots Associations (IFALPA) ithumele iphepha lokusebenza icela izifundazwe ukuthi zisebenzisane nge-ICAO kanye nokubambisana nezimboni ukuthuthukisa izinhlinzeko zalaba basha bezindiza.

Abagibeli Abakhubazekile

Imboni yezindiza izibophezele ekwenzeni ngcono ulwazi lokuhamba ngendiza kubantu abalinganiselwa ebhiliyoni abaphila nokukhubazeka emhlabeni wonke. Izinkampani zezindiza ziphinde zaqinisekisa lokhu kuzibophezela esinqumweni soMhlangano Omkhulu Waminyaka Yonke wango-2019 we-IATA. Kodwa-ke, ikhono lemboni lokuqinisekisa ukuthi abagibeli abaphila nokukhubazeka bangakwazi ukuhamba ngokuphepha nangesithunzi–ngokuhambisana neNgqungquthela Yezizwe Ezihlangene Yamalungelo Abantu Abakhubazekile—linyazwa ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwezinqubomgomo zokukhubazeka zikazwelonke/zesifunda okungenzeka ukuthi azikho. kuvumelana noma kungqubuzana ngqo.

“Ngenxa yezibalo zabantu asebekhulile, isibalo sabantu abahamba nokukhubazeka siyakhula futhi sizoqhubeka nokwenza njalo. Ukuze bahambe ngokuzethemba, bathembele ezindleleni ezingaguquki ezisetshenziswa emhlabeni jikelele. Futhi uhlaka oluvumelanayo lomhlaba wonke lubalulekile ngendlela efanayo ukuze izinkampani zezindiza zinikeze usizo amakhasimende azo akhubazekile ngendlela ephephile, evikelekile, ephumelelayo nengaguquguquki,” kusho u-de Juniac. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Ajenda yowezi-2030 yeNtuthuko Esimeme idinga ukuthi amabhizinisi athathe izinyathelo okuhloswe ngazo eziphathelene nabantu abakhubazekile, okuhlanganisa nasemkhakheni wezokuthutha.

I-IATA ithumele iphepha lokusebenza icela izifundazwe ukuthi ziphinde ziqinisekise ukuthi indlela evumelanayo yomsebenzi wokufinyeleleka kwezokundiza inegalelo ekuzuzweni kwe-UN SDGs. Iphinde iphakamise ukuthi i-ICAO ithuthukise uhlelo lomsebenzi lokufinyeleleka kwabagibeli abakhubazekile oluhlanganisa ukubuyekezwa kwamazinga afanelekile e-ICAO nezinqubo ezinconyiwe namabhukwana wenqubomgomo, ngokucabangela okufanele izimiso eziyinhloko ze-IATA kubagibeli abakhubazekile.

Abagibeli Abangalawuleki

Njengoba imibiko yabagibeli abangalawuleki ikhuphuka kancane kancane, i-IATA, I-IFALPA kanye ne-International Transport Workers' Federation, bathumele iphepha lokusebenza benxusa amazwe ukuba agunyaze i-Montreal Protocol yowezi-2014 (MP14) eyenza izinqubo zesimanjemanje zokubhekana nabagibeli abangalawuleki. Iphepha lokusebenza liphinde licele ohulumeni ukuthi bazitholele isiqondiso sakamuva se-ICAO ezicini ezingokomthetho zokubhekana nabagibeli abaphazamisayo.

I-MP14 ibhekana nezikhala ezivumelwaneni ezikhona zamazwe ngamazwe okusho ukuthi abagibeli abaphazamisayo abavamile ukubhekana nokushushiswa ngenxa yokungaziphathi kahle kwabo. Izifundazwe ezingamashumi amabili nambili kumele zigunyaze iMP14 ukuze iqale ukusebenza, okulindeleke ukuthi kwenzeke ngaphambi kokuphela kwalo nyaka. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufana nokuqiniseka, ukuqinisekiswa okubanzi kuyadingeka.

“Izigameko zokungalawuleki kwabagibeli ngebhadi ziyinkinga ekhulayo futhi zihlale zingamukelekile. Akekho umgibeli noma ilungu labasebenzi okufanele libhekane nokuthukwa, izinsongo noma ukuhlukunyezwa okuvela komunye umhambi ngendiza. Futhi ukuphepha kwendiza akufanele neze kube sengozini ukuziphatha kwabagibeli. Ukwamukelwa kweMP14 kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi izifundazwe zinamandla adingekayo ukubhekana nabagibeli abangalawuleki kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibhanoyi libhaliswe kuphi,” kusho u-de Juniac.

I-ID eyodwa

Umbono we-IATA uwukuhola imboni ekuletheni ulwazi lwabagibeli oluphephile, olungenazihibe futhi olusebenza kahle. I-ID eyodwa isebenzisa ukuphathwa kobunikazi nokuqashelwa kwebhayomethrikhi ukuze kuqondiswe uhambo lwabagibeli. Ngokwenza kanjalo, i-One ID izokhulula inqubo yokubhala amaphepha futhi inikeze abagibeli ithuba lokudlulela ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene zesikhumulo sezindiza ngethokheni yokuvakasha eyodwa eyamukelwa yibo bonke ababambiqhaza abahililekile ohambweni lomgibeli.

“Abahamba ngezindiza basitshele ukuthi bazimisele ukwabelana ngolwazi lomuntu siqu uma lokho kususa ubunzima bokuhamba ngendiza, inqobo nje uma leyo mininingwane igcinwa ivikelekile futhi ingasetshenziswa kabi. Ngokungeziwe ezinzuzweni zabahambi, i-ID eyodwa izokwenza kube nzima ngabantu ukuwela imingcele ngaphansi kobunikazi obungamanga, futhi ngaleyo ndlela isize ukulwa nokushushumbiswa kwabantu nezinye izenzo zobugebengu eziwela imingcele. Kuzosiza ekwehliseni olayini nezixuku ezindaweni ezisengcupheni yezindiza zezindiza. Futhi inika amandla ithuba lokuhlola okusekelwe engcupheni nokuphatha okuhlukene emngceleni kanye nezindawo zokuhlola zokuphepha. Umazisi owodwa uyindlela yekusasa futhi sidinga ukusheshisa inqubekela phambili,” kusho u-de Juniac.

Ngokubambisana ne-ACI, i-IATA yethule iphepha lokusebenza ecela uMkhandlu we-ICAO ukuthi uqhubeke nokuthuthukisa inqubomgomo yomhlaba wonke kanye nezici zobuchwepheshe ezisekela ukusetshenziswa kokuqashelwa kwe-biometric endizeni. Iphepha lokusebenza liphinde likhuthaze amazwe ukuthi asekele izinhlelo ezifaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwamazinga omhlaba okuqinisekisa ukushintshana okuphephile kolwazi lwedijithali lwabagibeli phakathi kwababambe iqhaza. Imema izifundazwe ukuthi zihlole izinzuzo zokuqashelwa kwe-biometric ukuze kuvikelwe futhi kube lula inqubo yabagibeli.

Ukubhekana Nokuphazamiseka Okuyingozi ku-GNSS

I-Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) ihlinzeka ngesikhundla esibalulekile nolwazi lwesikhathi olusekela imisebenzi yendiza kanye nokuphathwa kwethrafikhi yomoya (ATM). Nokho, inombolo yemibiko yamukelwe yokugxambukela okuyingozi ku-GNSS. I-IATA, i-International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers' Associations (IFATCA) kanye ne-IFALPA bathumele iphepha lokusebenza becela iPhalamende ukuthi lithathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa ezifanelekile zokunciphisa ubungozi be-GNSS ekuphazamisekeni kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho efanele yokuvama iyasebenza futhi iyagcinwa ukuze kuvikelwe. Amafrikhwensi e-GNSS.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zihloko, i-IATA kanye nababambiqhaza bezindiza bathumele amaphepha okusebenza aphathelene nezinye izindaba eziningi ezihlanganisa ukushushumbiswa kwabantu, ukushushumbiswa kwezilwane zasendle, ukwabelana ngolwazi lwezokuphepha, ukuphepha ku-inthanethi, izifo eziwubhubhane, ingqalasizinda yokulawulwa kwethrafikhi yezindiza, ezokuphepha kanye nezikhala zesikhumulo sezindiza, phakathi kokunye. .

Umhlangano we-ICAO uwumcimbi weminyaka emithathu ovulwa mhla zingama-24 kuMandulo wezi-2019 eMontreal lapho izithunywa ezivela emazweni angamalungu e-ICAO ayi-193 zidingida ezinye zezinkinga ezicindezela kakhulu embonini yezokuthutha emoyeni kuze kube ukuvalwa koMkhandlu ngezi-4 kuMfumfu.