Isifunda Sewayini sase-Attica: Esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi Esijwayelekile

Isingeniso: Ukuthola Iwayini LamaGreki - I-Palate Adventure

Kulolu chungechunge olunezingxenye ezi-4, “Amawayini esiGreki. I-Small-Scale + Impact Enkulu,” sibheka ukuthi kungani amawayini e-Greek kufanele abe ku-radar yakho.

Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zomdabu: I-Greece inamagilebhisi endabuko angaphezu kuka-300, ngalinye linokunambitheka okuhlukile nezici zalo. Lokhu kuhlukahluka okumangalisayo kuvumela abathandi bewayini ukuhlola izinhlobonhlobo zezinkulumo zamagilebhisi ezibonisa ifa laseGreece elicebile le-viticultural. Kusukela ku-Assyrtiko ecwebezelayo neqhutshwa ngamaminerali kuya ephunga elimnandi nezimbali UMoschofilero, kunewayini lesiGreki elifanelana nolwanga ngalunye. Ukuhlola lezi zinhlobonhlobo zendabuko kufana nokuthatha uhambo lokunqamula i-terroir namasiko aseGreece.

I-Teroir ehlukile: Isimo sezulu saseGreece esihlukahlukene, ukukhanya kwelanga okuchichimayo, nokwakheka kwenhlabathi eyingqayizivele kwenza iwayini libe sezingeni elimangalisayo. Isimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile sivumela amagilebhisi ukuthi avuthwe ngokugcwele, okuholela ekunambithekeni okugxilile kanye ne-asidi ephilayo. Umhlabathi omncane nompofu, ovame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezisezintabeni, uphoqa imivini ukuba ithwale kanzima, ikhiqize isivuno esincane kodwa amagilebhisi ekhwalithi engavamile. Le nhlanganisela yezinto idala iwayini eliyinkimbinkimbi, ukujula, kanye nomuzwa onamandla wendawo.

Amawayini amhlophe ahehayo: Amawayini amhlophe eGreece athole ukuqashelwa emhlabeni jikelele ngekhwalithi yawo evelele kanye nesimilo esihlukile. I-Assyrtiko, etshalwa kakhulu e-Santorini, ikhiqiza iwayini elomile emathanjeni eline-asidi ephezulu, i-minerality ezwakalayo, kanye nama-flavour aqabulayo e-citrus. I-Malagousia ne-Moschofilero zinikeza amaphrofayili anephunga elimnandi anamanothi ezimbali kanye namacebo ezithelo ezingavamile. Lawa mawayini amhlophe ahlukahlukene futhi ahambisana kahle nokudla okuhlukahlukene, okuwenza abe ukwengeza okujabulisayo kunoma yiliphi iqoqo lewayini.

Iwayini elibomvu elivezayo: Iwayini elibomvu lamaGreki, ikakhulukazi i-Xinomavro ne-Agiorgitiko, nawo athole ukunakwa ngokujula nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kwawo. I-Xinomavro, evame ukuqhathaniswa ne-Nebbiolo yase-Italy, ikhiqiza okubomvu okufanele ubudala okunama-tannins aqinile, i-acidity ephilayo, nama-flavour ezithelo ezimnyama, izinongo, nomhlaba. I-Agiorgitiko, eyaziwa ngokuthi "Igazi Le-Hercules" iletha iwayini elihle neliphakathi nendawo elinamakha abomvu nama-tannins aluhlaza. Lawa mawayini abomvu anikeza i-twist eyingqayizivele ezinhlotsheni zamagilebhisi zakudala futhi anikeze umuzwa ophoqelelayo kubathandi bewayini.

Izitayela Ezilungele Ukudla: Amawayini aseGreece aziwa ngokudla kwawo kanye nekhono lawo lokugcwalisa kahle ukudla kwezwe. Ngokugcizelelwa kwayo ezithakweni ezintsha, amakhambi anephunga elimnandi, nama-flavour agqamile, ukudla kwamaGreki kuhambisana kahle newayini lamaGreki. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ujabulela idili lokudla kwasolwandle nge-Assyrtiko ehlanzekile, ukubhanqa isidlo sewundlu ne-Xinomavro enesibindi, noma i-meze emnandi ye-Greek ene-Agiorgitiko enemisebenzi eminingi, amawayini e-Greek aphakamisa isipiliyoni sokudlela futhi adale ukuhambisana okuvumelanayo.

Isifunda Sewayini sase-Attica: Esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi Esijwayelekile

Ukukhiqizwa kwewayini eGreece kunomlando ocebile futhi kugxile kakhulu esikweni lezwe. Izinhlobonhlobo zezifunda zewayini kanye nama-terroirs zifaka isandla ezinhlobonhlobo zama-flavour nezitayela ezitholakala ewayinini lamaGreki. Izifunda ezine eziyinhloko zewayini eGreece, zihlanganisa iNyakatho yeGreece, i-Central Greece, i-Southern Greece, ne-Aegean Islands, futhi ngayinye inezici zayo ezihlukile kanye ne-microclimates. Lezi zifunda zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zenhlabathi, izinhlobo zamagilebhisi, kanye nomthelela wendawo, konke okunomthelela ewayinini elikhiqizwayo.

Ngokuya ngama-terroirs, iGreece ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine ezihlukene: izintaba nezintaba-semi-mountainous, izwekazi, intaba-mlilo, kanye nogu. I-terroir ngayinye inomthelela wayo ekukhuleni kwamagilebhisi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwewayini. Izifunda ezinezintaba nezincane zizuza emazingeni okushisa apholile kanye nokuphakama okuphezulu, okuholela emawayinini ane-acidity ephilayo. Izifunda zezwekazi zithola ukuhluka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa, kuyilapho inhlabathi yentaba-mlilo ifaka isandla ewayinini elinezimpawu zamaminerali kanye nezomhlaba. Izifunda ezisogwini, ezithonywa ukuba seduze kwazo olwandle, zivame ukukhiqiza iwayini elinethonya elihlukile lasolwandle.

I-Attica ifaka kakhulu ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki ezizungeze iwayini. Inganekwane ka-Icarius isebenza njengendaba eyisixwayiso mayelana nezingozi zokweqisa kanye nemiphumela engavela ngenxa yokungajwayelani namasiko noma izinto ezithile. Iphinde igqamise ukuxhumana phakathi kwesifunda sase-Attica nesiko lasendulo lokwenza iwayini, njengoba u-Dionysus ekhethe le ndawo ukuze adlulisele ulwazi lwakhe futhi aqalise ukutshalwa kwamagilebhisi newayini.

I-Attica iyisifunda esiseCentral Greece, esenyakatho nenhlonhlo yasePeloponnese futhi iyikhaya lase-Athene. Le ndawo ihlanganisa cishe amakhilomitha-skwele angu-4000 omhlaba, enendawo ehlukahlukene futhi inesimo sezulu esishisayo, esomile saseMedithera (ubusika obupholile, ilanga elanele, amathonya okupholisa anjengemimoya enamandla, eyomile yasenyakatho yoLwandle i-Aegean), elungele ukutshalwa kwamagilebhisi, futhi edume ngokukhiqiza kwayo i-Retsina.

I-Attica iyisifunda sewayini esikhulu kunazo zonke eGreece esinezitolo eziningi zewayini ezifinyeleleka ngaphakathi kwemizuzu engama-30 ngedrayivu ukusuka enkabeni yase-Athen. E-Attica, awekho amagama athile ezindawo aklanyelwe amawayini. Iwayini le-Retsina lihlukaniswa ngokuthi "I-Appellation by Tradition," emthethweni wewayini wamaGreki. Imikhuba yendabuko ye-viticultural, njengokuqeqeshwa kwehlathi kanye nokuvutshelwa kwe-oki ne-amphorae kuhlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe besimanje kanye nobuchwepheshe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi.

I-Attica ihlanganisa cishe amahektha ayi-6,500 ezivini, lapho kutshalwa khona izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zendabuko nezikhethiwe. I-Savvatiano kanye ne-Roditis yizinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezimhlophe ezihamba phambili esifundeni, ezibalelwa cishe ku-80% wendawo yesivini. I-Savvatiano iphawuleka kakhulu ngendima yayo ekukhiqizeni i-Retsina, kuyilapho i-Roditis isetshenziselwa ukwenza i-kokkineli, iwayini le-rosé.

 I-Retsina inambitheka ngokukhethekile nge-pine resin ngesikhathi sokwenza iwayini. Ngenhlanhla, imboni yewayini ethuthukayo e-Attica iyaluvuma ushintsho ekukhethweni kwewayini kwabathengi futhi ilungise ulwazi lwe-Retsina palate ngokwethula izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezifana ne-Roditis ne-Assyrtico ukuze kukhiqizwe iwayini le-Retsina elinamazinga aphansi e-resin, alethe ukubonakaliswa okucashile futhi kwesimanje kwesitayela.

I-Attica iphinde itshale izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zamazwe ngamazwe, kuhlanganise neCabernet Sauvignon kanye neChardonnay. Lamagilebhisi atshalwa endaweni enezintaba esenyakatho yesifunda lapho ukuphakama okuphezulu kunikeza isimo sezulu esipholile esiza lezi zinhlobonhlobo ukuba zithuthukise amandla azo aphelele futhi zikhiqize iwayini elinambitheka kahle kanye ne-asidi.

Nakuba izinhlobo zamagilebhisi amhlophe zitholakala e-Attica, izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezibomvu eziphawulekayo ezifana ne-Mandilaria ne-Agiorgitiko ziyalinywa esifundeni. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezibomvu zikhula kahle emhlabathini ovundile wase-Attica futhi zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza iwayini elibomvu eliphambili laseGreece.

Sekukonke, ukukhiqizwa kwewayini e-Attica, eGreece, kuyisibonelo sokucebile kwewayini lezwe, izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi ezinhlobonhlobo, nokuzibophezela ekukhiqizeni iwayini eliphezulu ngokusebenzisa ibhalansi evumelanayo yesiko kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha.

Amanothi ewayini

1. I-Fragou. Savvatiano 2022. PCI. I-Attica. Isivini saseSpata, iVoulia (isivini esisodwa). I-pre-fermentation maceration (cwilisa okubandayo) endaweni elawulwayo emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Isivuno se-acreage silinganiselwe ukuze uthole amagilebhisi ekhwalithi engcono kakhulu esivini samahektha angama-21 e-Pikermi.

Mayelana neGrape. Savvatiano

I-Savvatiano igilebhisi elimhlophe lesiGreki elinomlando onothile, ngokwesiko lisetshenziswa njengamagilebhisi ayisisekelo ewayini le-Retsina. Inokubekezelela isomiso okuphezulu, okuyenza ibe inketho ekahle yokulinywa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zaseGreece, ikakhulukazi e-Attica. Iyathakaselwa ngokuhlukahluka kwayo, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwakho kokubili iwayini eliqabulayo nelimnandi.

Mayelana noFragou

I-Fragou iyiwayini elijabulisayo elinezici ezinempilo neziqabulayo. Ukubukeka kwayo, okunokusikisela okuphuzi ngokuphaphathekile kanye nohlaza olukhanyiswe yilanga, kuphakamisa okuhlangenwe nakho okukhangayo. Iphrofayili yephunga elimnandi, okuhlanganisa utshani obusha obuluhlaza, amadwala amanzi, nezithelo ezisawolintshi, kuveza inhlanganisela yephunga elimnandi lemvelo kanye nesawolintshi.

Ukuqhubekela ekunambitheni, uFragou unikeza uhla lwama-flavour. Ukuba khona kwama-apula aluhlaza negolide, amapheya, amakhambi, usawoti wasolwandle, ama-alimondi amasha, ne-jasmine kudala ulwanga oluhlukahlukene futhi oluyinkimbinkimbi. I-minerality yengeza ukucwebezela ewayinini, kuyilapho izimbali ezimhlophe zifaka ikhwalithi yayo enamakha. Iphimbo eliphansi elincane le-retsina linikeza ukusikisela okucashile kwe-resin, okuwuphawu lwamawayini athile esiGreki.

I-acidity elinganiselayo inomthelela ekushayweni kwayo konke. Khonza i-Fragou epholile ukuze uthuthukise izimfanelo zayo eziqabulayo futhi iyenze ibe ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu ehlobo. Ukumataniswa kokudla okuphakanyisiwe kufaka phakathi i-saumoni ebanda ngokungemthetho noma izimfanzi.

Sekukonke, iFragou iyiwayini eliguquguqukayo nelijabulisayo, elinikeza inhlanganisela yamanothi anezithelo, amakhambi, namaminerali akwenza kube ukukhetha okujabulisayo kwesimo sezulu esifudumele nokudla okugxile ekudleni kwasolwandle.

Amanothi ewayini

2.       GWC/Kourtaki. Inkampani Retsina Attica NV. Savvatiano.

I-Greek Wine Cellars, eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-Kourtaki Wines, ingumkhiqizi wewayini waseGreece ovelele onomlando ocebile. Le nkampani yasungulwa ngo-1895 nguVassilis Kourtakis, owayephakathi kwamaGreki okuqala ukwenza izifundo ezisemthethweni ze-oenology. U-Vassilis Kourtakis wabeka isisekelo sebhizinisi, ebeka isiteji sezizukulwane ezizayo.

Lapho uVassilis ethatha umhlalaphansi, inkampani yathathwa uDimitris Kourtakis, owandisa ifa lomndeni lokwenza iwayini. UDimitris, ngemva kokufunda i-oenology eDijon, eFrance, waletha imibono emisha nobuchwepheshe enkampanini. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe, u-Dimitris wethula umugqa wamawayini obizwa ngokuthi i-Kourtaki Retsina, eyathola ukuduma ngeminyaka yawo-1960 kanye nawo-1970.

Ngokuthatha umhlalaphansi kukaDimitris Kourtakis, indodana yakhe uVassilis yathatha ubuholi benkampani. U-Vassilis wabona ukuncipha kokuthandwa kwe-retsina futhi wanquma ukuhlukanisa ibhizinisi ngale kwalesi sitayela sewayini futhi ekuqaleni kwawo-1990 washintsha igama laba i-Greek Wine Cellars. Lesi sinyathelo sivumele inkampani ukuthi izivumelanise nokushintsha okuthandwa ngabathengi futhi yandise ububanzi bomkhiqizo wayo.

Mayelana neGrape. Savvatiano

Endabeni ye-Retsina, iwayini lenziwa inqubo yendabuko yokwenza iwayini lapho izingcezu ezincane ze-resin ezivela esihlahleni sikaphayini i-Aleppo zengezwa ewayinini elibilayo. Lo mkhuba usukela ezikhathini zasendulo lapho inhlaka yayisetshenziswa njengesealant ezitsheni zewayini. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-flavour nama-aromas e-resin kwaba isici esivelele se-Retsina.

Mayelana ne-GWC The Wine

Ikhiqiza emthambekeni obheke enyakatho-mpumalanga we-Mt. Parnes e-Attica. I-lemon-yellow hue iheha iso. Iwayini elimhlophe elomile elingaxutshwanga linephunga elimnandi kancane elinesici esivamile sokusikisela kwe-pine resin ngenxa yokwengezwa kwezingcezu ezimbalwa ze-pine resin lapho kufanele khona ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa. Bheka amacebo e-thyme echotshoziwe, i-pine resin, i-nectarine, nelamula emakhaleni nasemakhambi kanye ne-citrus olwangeni. Kukhona isiphetho esicacile esicacile. Hlanganisa nenyama emhlophe nenhlanzi eyosiwe namasaladi esiGreki.

© UDkt Elinor Garely. Lo mbhalo we-copyright, ofaka nezithombe, awunakukhiqizwa kabusha ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliwe evela kumbhali.

Funda Ingxenye 1 lapha: Iwayini! IsiGreki Kimi

Funda Ingxenye 2 lapha: I-Economics of Greek Wine Industry