DUBAI, United Arab Emirates — Izikhulu zama-Arab ezilangazelele ukuthola amaphrofayili aphezulu aphesheya zithuthukisa umjaho wazo wezindiza naphezu kokuwohloka komnotho emhlabeni.
NgoMsombuluko, i-Dubai yedolobha ihlela ukwethula inkampani yezindiza yesibili ephethwe nguhulumeni - okuyinkampani yesithathu enkulu kuleli shumi leminyaka ukusuka e-United Arab Emirates, izwe elinezakhamuzi ezingaphansi kwesigidi. Inkampani yezindiza entsha eshibhile izobhekelela abahambi ngesabelomali esifundeni esaziwa kangcono ngokuceba kunezintengiselwano.
Ngokungafani nozakwabo kwenye indawo, ezinye izindiza ze-Persian Gulf zifunga ukuthi zizonamathela ezinhlelweni zokulethwa kwezindiza, njengoba abaxhasi bazo abajule beqhubekela phambili nokwandisa isikhumulo sezindiza. Inhloko yenkampani ye-Gulf carrier ike yaphawula ngomunye umyalelo wokubamba isihloko embukisweni ozayo weParis Air Show.
Ukukhuphukela esibhakabhakeni kukhombisa umkhankaso wezizwe zaseGulf wokuziqamba kabusha njengama-monarchies anothile ngowoyela. I-Qatar ngokwesibonelo ingena esikhungweni sokucwaninga ngenxa yengcebo yayo yegesi yemvelo, kuyilapho i-Abu Dhabi ihlose ukuba inhloko-dolobha yamasiko ngemuva kwama-petrodollars ayo.
Kepha ukukhathazeka kuyakhula - ikakhulukazi manje njengoba ukuwohloka komnotho emhlabeni wonke kucekele phansi isidingo sokuhamba ngendiza okude nokuphambili. Abanye abahlaziyi bayazibuza ukuthi ingabe izinkampani zezindiza zesifunda zigcwalisa izindiza zazo ngokushesha okukhulu ngezindiza eziningi kakhulu, njengoba nje nonjiniyela baseDubai abashiseka ngokweqile bagijimela ukwakha amafulethi kanokusho manje angenalutho.
“Njengoba ungekho ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwezokwakha nezinkonzo, awuzidingi ngempela zonke lezo zihlalo,” kusho uBob Mann, umeluleki wezindiza ezimele. "Izinga lokukhula kwamandla ngumbuzo."
Ukwanda okusheshayo kudweba kabusha imizila yezindiza zomhlaba: Manje sekulula ukundiza usuka e-Houston uya e-Dubai noma inhloko-dolobha yase-Qatari i-Doha kunokuya e-Rome noma e-Beijing. Abathwali be-Gulf, abavame ukuziqhayisa ngezinsizakalo zendiza ezivulekile kunabaqhudelana nabo baseNtshonalanga, bajabulela ibhizinisi elikhulayo njengoba nje ithrafikhi yehla kakhulu yonke indawo kwenye indawo.
I-International Air Transport Association ithe isidingo esifundeni sikhule ngamaphesenti ayi-11.2 ngo-Ephreli, sandise isibalo esingandile sokuwina.
Noma kunjalo, iqembu lezohwebo lilindele ukuthi abathwali baseMpumalanga Ephakathi balahlekelwe yimali eyizigidi ezingu-900 zamaRandi kulo nyaka njengoba izinzuzo zomgwaqo zisibekela ukwanda okukhulu nakakhulu komthamo. Empeleni, isifunda sizuza isabelo semakethe kodwa ezindizayo ezingenalutho.
“Ngesikhathi esifushane, lokho kuwukungqubuzana okuncane,” kusho uMann.
Ijubane lokunwetshwa libe yisimanga, kokubili ezinkampanini zezindiza nakubahlinzeki bazo. Imali kawoyela we-Gulf yengeze amashumi ezigidigidi ezincwadini zoku-oda ze-Boeing Co. kanye ne-Airbus, esiza ekulondolozeni izinkulungwane zemisebenzi yase-US kanye neyaseYurophu iminyaka.
Phakathi kwezinkampani ezithwala impahla, i-Emirates yase-Dubai, umholi wemakethe, ikhule eminyakeni engaphansi kwengama-25 isuka ekubeni yinkampani yezindiza ethobekile ye-short-hop yaba enye yezinkampani ezinkulu emhlabeni wonke ezithwala abagibeli nezimpahla. Manje isisebenzisa izindiza ezingaphezu kuka-130 endizela emazwenikazi ayisithupha, ezithwala abagibeli abaningi phesheya kunanoma iyiphi inkampani yenkampani yase-US ngaphandle kwe-American Airlines.
Izindiza ezintsha zifika ngokwesilinganiso njalo emavikini amathathu kuya kwamane, phakathi kwazo ezinye ze-58 ezinezitezi ezimbili ze-Airbus A380s Emirates eziyalile - ezibhukwe kakhulu kunoma iyiphi inkampani yezindiza noma kuphi.
Umthwali usebenzisa idolobha lakubo i-Dubai, elinowoyela omncane owayo, njengendawo yomhlaba wonke exhumanisa impumalanga nentshonalanga kanye nenyakatho neningizimu - njengamayadi kaloliwe aseChicago kanye nezikhumulo zezindiza zaphendula lelo dolobha laba i-mecca yezokuthutha yase-US.
I-Emirates isanda kuthumela lokho eyathi unyaka wayo wama-21 olandelanayo wenzuzo - nakuba umholo wawungaphansi ngamaphesenti angama-71 kunonyaka odlule.
Isikhumulo sezindiza sesibili sase-Dubai, esizogcina simatasa kakhulu emhlabeni, kulindeleke ukuthi sithole izindiza zaso zokuqala ngonyaka ozayo - njengoba nokwandiswa kwesikhumulo sezindiza sokuqala kuqhubeka.
Impumelelo ikhulise ukuncintisana, njengoba abathwali abaningi manje sebendiza ngezindlela ezifanayo endaweni yezindiza eshubile ezungeze i-Iran ne-Iraq. Ukugqagqana kungasiza ukwehlisa amanani, kodwa futhi kuholele ekuphindaphindeni okungadingekile, kusho abahlaziyi.
I-Qatar encane inyusa ngokushesha inkampani yayo yezindiza, iQatar Airways, endizela emadolobheni angaphezu kuka-80. Yakha nesikhumulo sezindiza esisha endaweni ebuyisiwe eduze kwe-crystal blue Gulf.
“Ubani okutshele ukuthi imakethe inzima kithina?” Inhloko ye-Qatar Airways, u-Akbar al-Baker, isanda kusho ngemuva kokuchaza izinhlelo okungenani zemizila emisha eyingxenye yeshumi nambili ezinyangeni ezizayo.
U-Al-Baker uthe inkampani ihlela ukwenza “izimemezelo ezengeziwe” eParis Air Show ngoJuni, ephakamisa ukuthi ingangeza ezinhlelweni zezindiza ezingaphezu kuka-200 ezibiza ngaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-40 zamarandi eminyakeni ezayo.
Egcekeni lakwa-Emirates, isifunda esingumakhelwane sase-Abu Dhabi sithela ingcebo kawoyela eningi ku-Etihad Airways - okuyigama elibiza “inkampani yezindiza kazwelonke” yomfelandawonye wezifunda eziyisikhombisa. Le nkampani eneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala yenza amagagasi ngonyaka odlule nge-oda lezindiza okungenani eziyi-100. Isanda kumemezela ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwezigidi ezingama- $70 zamakhabethe ayo esigaba sokuqala.
USheik Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum, usihlalo kanye nesikhulu esiphezulu se-Emirates, uthe akasiboni isizathu esincane sokukhathazeka ngokuba nezimbangi eziningi ezixhaswe ngezimali ezisekelwe ekushayeleni ngokushesha noma indiza ye-shuttle away.
“Umncintiswano uyohlale ukhona, ezikhathini ezimnandi nezimbi,” esho engxoxweni yakamuva.
Kodwa abanye omakadebona bemboni banokungabaza.
"Okwenzekayo njengamanje kuwukwenziwa okuncane," kusho uStelios Haji-Ioannou, umsunguli wenkampani ethwala izaphulelo yaseYurophu i-EasyJet, ngesikhathi evakashele eDubai. "Iqiniso lokuthi idolobha elincane, elincane njengeDubai ... lingathethelela inkampani yezindiza elingana ne-Emirates liyingozi kancane."
“Inkinga ngenkampani yezindiza ekhulumayo njengaleyo ukuthi uqhudelana nazo zonke ezinye izinkampani zezindiza ezikhulumayo emhlabeni,” esho.
Abathwali be-Gulf abavikelekile ekuwohlokeni komnotho, ngokuqinisekile.
I-Emirates ithathele indawo yamajethi ayo e-Airbus A380 “superjumbo” emzileni osezingeni eliphezulu waseNew York-Dubai ngezindiza ezincane ngaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili iqale isevisi ngenxa yesidingo esibuthakathaka. Iphinde yaqala ukunikeza ikhefu elingakhokhelwa kwabanye babasebenzi bayo abangama-48,000 ukuze banciphise izindleko, futhi yathi umbono wezomnotho wonyaka ozayo "awuthuthuki."
I-Qatar Airways idonsa amagumbi okuphumula kanokusho angaphambili kwendiza kwezinye zezindiza zayo bese ibeka izihlalo zabaqeqeshi, kuyilapho i-Etihad ihlinzeka ngamanani aphansi okukhangisa ezindaweni ezithile. Izindiza ezibuyayo phakathi kwe-Abu Dhabi ne-London bezisanda kuthengiswa ngemali encane engu-$195 ngaphambi kwezintela nezinkokhelo.
Isikhulu se-Etihad uJames Hogan sifingqa inselelo yale mboni ekuqaleni kwale nyanga. Ukugcwalisa izihlalo “akuyona indaba,” esho. “Udaba luyisivuno,” noma ukuthi umgibeli ngamunye uletha malini.
Noma kunjalo, izifunda zeGulf zisaqhubekela phambili.
IDubai izokwethula inkampani yayo entsha yezindiza, i-FlyDubai, enezindiza zansuku zonke eziya eLebanon naseJordani kuleli sonto. Inkonzo eya eSyria naseGibhithe izokwengezwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Inkampani yezindiza ngeke iqhudelane hhayi nezinkampani ezithwala isevisi ephelele kuphela kodwa izophinde iqhudelane ne-Air Arabia, inkampani yezindiza enesabelomali esebenza ngaphandle kwe-emirate yase-Dubai engumakhelwane i-Sharjah.
Zombili izaphulelo zinezinhlelo ezinkulu. I-FlyDubai inama-Boeing 50 amasha angaba ngu-737 abhukhwe ngemali elinganiselwa ku-$4 billion ngamanani ohlu.
Futhi i-Air Arabia ngasekupheleni konyaka odlule ya-oda ama-Airbus A10 engeziwe ayi-320 - ngaphezu kwe-oda langaphambilini lezindiza ezingama-34 ezisendaweni eyodwa. Isanda kuvulwa isikhungo sesibili eMorocco ngo-Ephreli, nokubukeka kwayo emakethe yaseYurophu.
