nguRobert MacLellan, Umqondisi Ophethe, MacLellan & Associates
Ingabe ezokuvakasha zincike I-Caribbean ohulumeni bafunda okuthile emazweni akhiqiza uwoyela? Lapho ohulumeni abakhiqiza uwoyela abancane nabampofu befuna ukuthola inani elifanelekile likawoyela - umthombo wabo omkhulu wemali engenayo kazwelonke - bahlangana ukuze baxoxisane ngempumelelo nezinkampani zikawoyela zamazwe ngamazwe kanye namazwe amakhulu athuthukile, okwakungabathengi abakhulu bawo. amafutha abo. Ngo-1960 amahlanu kulawa mazwe ahlangana ukuze asungule i-OPEC - i-Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries - futhi kamuva ajoyinwa amanye amazwe angamalungu ayisishiyagalolunye. Njengomphumela wamandla abo okuxoxisana aqinile, amanani kawoyela akhuphuke kancane kancane ukusuka ku-US$1.63 umphongolo ngo-1960 ukuya esilinganisweni esingama-US$77 phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule.
Isimo sokuxoxisana esibuthakathaka sohulumeni ngamunye wase-Caribbean ngokumelene nezinkampani ezinkulu ze-cruise line, uma kuqhathaniswa nezintela zamachweba, zenza okufanayo nesimo se-OPEC eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha edlule futhi isu elifanayo "lokulinganisa kabusha" elinamandla kufanele manje lilandelwe e-Caribbean. Uma ohulumeni kuso sonke isifunda, okuhlanganisa neMelika Ephakathi, behlangana futhi bakhe i-OTEC - Inhlangano Yamazwe Omnotho Wezokuvakasha - bangaxoxisana njengenqola besuka esikhundleni samandla amakhulu ngemigqa yokuhamba ngomkhumbi. Okwamanje, lapho amazwe ngamanye ezama ukukhuphula intela yamachweba, asongelwa ngokuthi azokwehliswa ohambweni lwemikhumbi futhi angathathwa ngalinye ngalinye yilayini elinamandla lokuhamba ngomkhumbi.
Kusukela esimeni esingcono sokuxoxisana, ohulumeni bezifundazwe noma kazwelonke abanohambo olulodwa lokuhamba ngomkhumbi - i-Alaska, iBermuda neHawaii - sebexoxisane ngokuphakeme. I-cruise imali engenayo echwebeni kunaleyo esezweni elivamile lase-Caribbean. Imikhumbi ehamba ngomkhumbi ihlala ubusuku obubili eBermuda futhi ikhokha okungenani u-US$50 umgibeli ngamunye. Ohlelweni lokuhamba ngomkhumbi ezwekazini lase-United States nase-Canada, isilinganiso esingu-33% senani lamathikithi ohambo luya ezintela zamachweba, uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso esingu-14% sohambo lwase-Caribbean. Ngokuxoxisana ndawonye, ohulumeni esifundeni sase-Greater Caribbean bangakwazi ukuthola imiphumela efanayo kulezi zindawo ngezintela eziphezulu zechweba.
Isitatimende sakamuva esivela kuHulumeni wase-Antigua & Barbuda sifinyeze umlando nesimo samanje sezintela zokuhamba ngomkhumbi, ngale ndlela elandelayo. Ngo-1993 amazwe e-Caricom aqale avuma ukukhokhisa intela yechweba elincane lama-US$10 kubagibeli abahamba ngomkhumbi kodwa lokhu akuzange kusetshenziswe ngenxa yokungavumelani kwangaphakathi. Uhlu lwezintela zekhanda zanamuhla e-Caribbean lumi kanje: US$18 – The Bahamas and The British Virgin Islands, US$15 – Jamaica, US$13.25 – Puerto Rico, US$7 – Belize, US$6 – St Kitts & Nevis, US$5 – St Lucia, US$4.50 – Grenada, US$1.50 – Dominican Republic.
Cabanga ngenzuzo yezomnotho, uma lezi zilinganiso zentela yokuhamba ngomkhumbi zinganyuswa futhi zifane endaweni yonke emazingeni aphezulu asohlwini. Inselele eyodwa efaneleka ngokuqondile nekhona manje ingaxazululwa - intela yamanje yesikhumulo sezindiza esiphezulu esibhakabhakeni kanye nezintela zamathikithi endiza esifundeni zingancishiswa ukuze kusize ukukhulisa ivolumu yezivakashi zokuhlala e-Caribbean.
Abahambi abangahlali isikhathi eside, noma ngabe bangaphakathi kwesifunda noma abangaphandle kwe-Caribbean, bachitha imali eningi kakhulu kunabagibeli bemikhumbi futhi bakhiqize ukuqashwa kwasendaweni okukhulu kakhulu kunemodeli yanamuhla yebhizinisi lemikhumbi, manje exhaphaza kakhulu amazwe ase-Caribbean. Ukwenyuka kwezivakashi ezihlala kuzo kuqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwamahhotela amaningi nezindawo zokudoba, kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zokutshalwa kwezindlu nezakhiwo kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda yezokuvakasha. Izintengo ezehlisiwe zamathikithi endiza zigcina izindiza zangaphakathi kwesifunda, njenge-LIAT, zindiza futhi zikhuphule inani lezihlalo zezindiza eziya ezindaweni zase-Caribbean zisuka emhlabeni wonke.
Imodeli yebhizinisi lemboni yezokuvakasha ishintshe kakhulu futhi ngamandla kule minyaka eyishumi nanhlanu edlule futhi akumele isabhekwa “njengozakwethu” ofanelekile wamazwe ase-Caribbean. Kunomqondo okhulayo eziqhingini ezinenani eliphakeme kakhulu lemikhumbi yokuhamba ngomkhumbi, njenge-St Thomas kanye ne-Sint Maarten, ukuthi intela yamachweba namuhla ayiyona isinxephezelo esanele sokuminyana kwezindawo ezisemadolobheni, ukungcoliswa kokushiswa kukawoyela osindayo kanye nenani elincane lemali. chitha ugu lwabagibeli banamuhla bemikhumbi yokuvakasha. Imikhumbi emikhulu manje inezitolo eziningi, amakhasino, izindawo zokudlela kanye nezindawo zokucima ukoma ezihlinzeka ngawo wonke amaphakheji afaka wonke aphazamisa abagibeli ekuchitheni imali ngasosebeni. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule amakhomishana emikhumbi ohambeni ogwini akhuphuke esuka ku-10% yaya ku-50%, okwenza abagibeli bangakwazi ukuya ogwini nhlobo futhi bacindezela noma iyiphi inzuzo engaba yinzuzo kubaqhubi bendawo. Namuhla, imali engaphezulu kuka-80% yemali echithwe yi-DISCRETIONARY yomgibeli womkhumbi isendleleni.
Imikhumbi eminingi ehamba ngomkhumbi ijabulela isizini ephezulu ephindwe kabili - i-Caribbean isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kanye nebhalansi yonyaka e-Alaska noma eMedithera - isebenza cishe ngaphandle kwezintela zebhizinisi kanye nezikweletu eziphansi kakhulu zamaholo. Imikhumbi emikhulukazi ibiza ngaphansi kuka-US$300,000 ikhabethe ngalinye ukwakha, kuyilapho amagumbi amasha ehhotela e-Caribbean abiza ngokuphindwe kabili kwalelo gumbi ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kube nesizini eyodwa kuphela ephezulu. Imodeli yebhizinisi yomkhumbi oqhudelana kakhulu kanye nokukhula kwamuva nje kwezokuvakasha ngomkhumbi esifundeni kungase kubhekwe njengento engabakhiphisi ngokuqondile ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezindawo zokungcebeleka kanye nokutshalwa kabusha kwezimali e-Caribbean.
Isibalo sabagibeli bemikhumbi ehamba ngomkhumbi sasingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-27 emhlabeni wonke ngo-2018, sikhuphuke cishe ngo-10% kusukela eminyakeni emibili edlule. Eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo, imikhumbi emisha engu-106 kulindeleke ukuthi iqale ukusebenza futhi, okwamanje, ngaphezu kuka-50% wemikhumbi yemikhumbi yomhlaba wonke izinze e-Caribbean for the Winter. Imboni yezokuvakasha enenzuzo enkulu ingakwazi ukudonsa intela yechweba ephezulu e-Caribbean futhi izokwenza kanjalo, uma isibhekene nebhizinisi elibonisanayo elinamandla.
Ungakholwa noma yiziphi izinsongo ze-cruise line abangazikhipha bonke bendawonye. ICaribbean iwukuphela kweqoqo leziqhingi ezinobuhle bemvelo nengqalasizinda yezokuvakasha esezingeni eliphezulu, etholakala ngqo phakathi kwezimakethe ze-feeder cruise eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu kanye nemakethe ephakelayo yokukhula yaseNingizimu Melika.
Manje akucaci kahle yini ukuthi, okungenani, kukhona ukucabanga okuphelele ukulinganisa kabusha umthwalo wentela phakathi kwesivakashi sase-Caribbean sokuhlala kanye nomgibeli womkhumbi?
