Ngaphandle uma uhlala endaweni Izwe laseCaribbean, ayikho indlela yokufinyelela eziqhingini ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinto zokuhamba emoyeni kanye/noma emanzini. Akekho osathole uxhaso noma amakhono obunjiniyela okwakha imigwaqo, ojantshi noma amahubhe njengezixhumi zesifunda; ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusimama kwesifunda kuncike emoyeni kanye/noma inethiwekhi esekelwe emanzini. Nakuba kungase kube nzima ukukholelwa, asikho isivumelwano esibanzi esilawula futhi silawule indawo yezindiza esifundeni.

Vumelana Ngokuvumelana: Izinzuzo Zokuthola

I-CARICOM (ohulumeni boMphakathi waseCaribbean) babhala isivumelwano sokusebenza kwezindiza ezinhlobonhlobo eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule kwathi ngo-2012 i-Caribbean Tourism Organisation (CTO) yaqoka ithimba lendiza ukuba:

Khuthaza ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuthutha emoyeni ngaphakathi naphakathi kwe-Caribbean kanye nemiphakathi yamazwe ngamazwe.

Ngaleso sikhathi, ithimba lomsebenzi laliholwa yiNxusa uBrian Challenger futhi isiphakamiso sasilinde i-Secretariat ye-CARICOM kanye nezikhulu ukuthi zithathe isinyathelo sokugcina sokutholwa kanye nokuqaliswa. Lapho sigunyazwa, isivumelwano (kufanele) sinikeze indawo yokudlala yezinkampani zenethiwekhi ezisebenza esifundeni. Ngaphandle kwesivumelwano, abathwali abangaphandle kwesifunda banezinzuzo eziningi kunabathwali endaweni.

Isivumelwano esihlongozwayo siphinde sikhulume nokuhamba kwangaphakathi kwezinkampani zezindiza - isibonelo, inkampani yenethiwekhi evela e-St. Lucia izokwazi ukuthwala abagibeli e-Trinidad futhi indize ifike e-Tobago. Njengamanje, ngeke kwenzeke ngoba kuyilungelo elikhawulelwe kunkampani yenethiwekhi ye-Trinidad.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikomiti likaChallenger belisebenzisana ne-IATA (International Air Transport Association) ukugunyaza ucwaningo ukuze kubuyekezwe izinguquko ezingaba umphumela wokwehlisa intela yamathikithi endiza.
Ikomidi liphinde lahlola imikhawulo ebekiwe kuhambo nabahambi ngenxa yokuhlolwa okuningi kokuphepha ngaphakathi kwe-OECS.

Abagibeli Bagcine

I-CTO Aviation Task Force (AFT) iyaqhubeka nokuthola ukuthi izinhlelo zokuhlola ukuphepha kwabagibeli nemithwalo azisebenzi kahle futhi ezinye izikhumulo zezindiza zesifunda “zizezinga eliphansi.” I-Task Force iphinde yanquma ukuthi ikhasimende aligxili kuzinhlelo zokuphatha isikhumulo sezindiza. Ezinye izindaba ezithinta ulwazi lwekhasimende zihlanganisa ukungabi bikho kokwabelana ngekhodi nezivumelwano ze-interline kanye nemikhawulo yokwamukelwa kwezinqubomgomo ze-Open Skies.

Izindleko Kunotshalomali

I-CTO Aviation Task Force ithola ukuthi izinkinga zokulawula kanye nezidingo zokungena zezindiza ezintsha zinomthelela omubi ezindlekweni ezihlobene nohambo lwangaphakathi kwesifunda. Okwenezela kule nkinga ukubambisana okungekuhle phakathi kwezinkampani zezindiza zesifunda kanye nokungabikho kwendawo eyodwa yomoya kanye/noma izivumelwano zesibhakabhaka esivulekile. Phakathi kokugxila ekuvikeleni kanye namazinga akhulayo ezintela nezinkokhelo zikahulumeni kuhlanganiswe nezindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza, izithiyo zokuhamba phakathi kwesifunda ziyaqhubeka nokukhula.

Hlanganisa usayizi omncane wezinkampani zezindiza ezingaphakathi kwesifunda kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokugcina imboni yezokundiza yesifunda kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini ephelelwe yisikhathi kweminye imizila futhi kulula ukubona ukuthi kungani kunenselelo yokusungula i-21^st imboni yezindiza esifundeni inenselele.

Umthelela Wezomnotho

I-CTO ATF iphinde ibone ukuthi ohulumeni nabaholi bezimboni abakafinyeleli ngokwanele izimakethe ezingomakhelwane ezingezona ezendabuko futhi kukhona ukuhlanganiswa okubuthakathaka kwezindiza embonini yezokuvakasha. Ukwengeza, ukumaketha okungekuhle kanye namathuba okuvakasha esifunda alinganiselwe kudala izithiyo ezengeziwe. Umphumela wemikhawulo: Izinkampani zezindiza ziyazabalaza ukuhlala ebhizinisini, zibambezeleka njalo noma zihluleke ukukhokha iziphathimandla zezindiza.

Okungcono noma Okubi

Ocwaningweni lwakamuva lukaKareem Yarde kanye noCristina Jonsson (I-Journal of Air Transport Management, 53, 2016) kunqunywe ukuthi "ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo yokulawula yezindiza e-CARICOM kuzosiza ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha kwangaphakathi kwesifunda."

Ucwaningo lunqume ukuthi izici ezivimbelayo ezivele zikhona ngaphambili "kumele zixazululwe" futhi "ukuphumelela kwesivumelwano esikhona sesifunda sezizwe eziningi kuthiywe ukugxambukela kwezombusazwe, hhayi nje esimeni esiphelele sokuphathwa kwezindiza, kodwa nasekusebenzeni kwebhizinisi labathwali besifunda. .”

Ihlonzwa njengomenzi wenqubomgomo omkhulu embonini yezindiza, i-IATA icele ohulumeni nabanye ababambiqhaza bezindiza zaseCaribbean ukuthi basebenzisane njengoba le ngxenye yemakethe inikeza ukuxhumana esifundeni; ngaphandle kwezinsizakalo zale mboni, isifunda ngeke sikwazi ukusimama njengoba sithutha cishe amaphesenti angama-50 azo zonke ezokuvakasha esifundeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho inhlekelele igadla (cabanga ngeziphepho) ibalulekile ekusindeni nasekwakheni kabusha.

Employment

I-Aviation ingumqashi womhlaba wonke onezindiza zomphakathi zase-US ezikhiqiza ama-US$2.4 trillion futhi zenza imisebenzi eyizigidi ezingama-58. Ngokuka-Peter Cerda, iPhini Likamongameli Wesifunda se-IATA, The Americas, esifundeni saseCaribbean abantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.6 basebenza kwezokundiza, bakhiqize i-GDP eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-35.9 (2016).

I-FAA isebenza nozakwethu bezindiza zase-Caribbean ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle futhi ngohlelo lwase-Caribbean i-ejensi isiza ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwezindiza zase-Caribbean ngokuqeqeshwa kwasendaweni nesitifiketi.

I-US ingumakhelwane obalulekile endaweni yezindiza yase-US:

Abagibeli abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-7 bandiza besuka e-US beya e-Caribbean unyaka ngamunye, okuhlanganisa cishe amaphesenti angu-17 abo bonke abagibeli abaphuma e-US.
Lesi sifunda kulindeleke ukuthi sikhule ngamaphesenti angu-5-6 emashumini amabili eminyaka ezayo, isibili ngemva kweMpumalanga Ephakathi.
Lesi sifunda sihlanganisa abahlinzeki besevisi yethrafikhi yendiza abayi-10 abaphethwe amazwe ahlukene azimele. Izindiza eziyingxenye yesigidi zinqamula izifunda zezindiza eziyisithupha eziseduze ne-US.
Izimo zezulu ezishintshashintshayo kanye nobunkimbinkimbi bezikhumulo zezindiza eziningi kunomthelela ekungabazeni kwesimiso sokuhamba kwezindiza kanye nokubambezeleka ngaphakathi kwesifunda.

Imboni yezokundiza iyinhlangano ye-bureaucratic morass eyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa I-Caribbean Initiative:

FAA
I-ICAO
Inhlangano Yezinsizakalo Zokuzulazula Emoyeni (CANSO)
I-American and Caribbean Air Transport Association (ALTA)
Izikhumulo Zezindiza Zezindiza
I-Latin American-Caribbean, American Association of Airport Executives (AAAE)
Inhlangano Yezindiza Yezindiza Yomhlaba Wonke (IATA)
Abalingani baseCaribbean

Ngawo wonke lawa ma-bureaucracies aneminwe ebhodweni - akumangalisi ukuthi ukuvumelana kuyo yonke imboni yezindiza zaseCaribbean kunzima ukufeza.

Indiza. Inkomo Yemali

Ohulumeni abaningi kakhulu esifundeni baphuphuthekiswe indima edidiyelwe yezindiza emnothweni uwonke futhi babona imboni ngokuyinhloko (uma kungenjalo kuphela) njengokunethezeka kwabacebile ngakho-ke iqondiswe kalula ekukhushulweni kwentela. Ngokudabukisayo, izintela nezimali ezikhokhwayo azitshalwanga ekukhuliseni ukusebenza kahle noma ekwandiseni umthamo wesikhumulo sezindiza/indiza noma ingqalasizinda yendiza…izimali zifakwa kumgcinimafa, ngokusho kuka-Peter Cerda we-IATA.

Kwesinye isifunda sase-Caribbean, cishe amaphesenti angu-70 emali yokugibela yokuya kuphela evamile ahlanganisa izintela nezinkokhelo. Okungenani ezinye ezingu-10 zezimakethe ze-Caribbean izintela nezinkokhelo zenza amaphesenti angu-30 yenani lamathikithi. Emndenini wabane abavakashela e-Barbados besuka eYurophu noma eNyakatho Melika, intela ingangeza ngaphezulu kwama-$280 ezindlekweni. Intela iphinde ibe nomthelela kubahambi bezindiza ngaphakathi kwesifunda sase-Caribbean, yengeza okungenani u-$35 ethikithini ngalinye, ukwenyuka okunzima ezimakethe ezidonsa kanzima lapho ithrafikhi isivele ikusekelo lwempilo. Ukubeka izimali ezinkulu nezintela zokuhamba ngezindiza kanye nohambo lwendiza kunomthelela ongemuhle kwezokuvakasha kanye nohambo lwebhizinisi - isisekelo sezomnotho emazweni amaningi.

Izindleko Eziphezulu Zokwenza Ibhizinisi

Imboni yezokundiza akulula ukungena futhi kuyabiza ukuyinakekela. Izivumelwano zesevisi yasemoyeni ezinomkhawulo zinciphisa inani lemizila izindiza ezingasebenza futhi zinqande ukuhweba. Inxusa kanye noNobhala Jikelele Womphakathi WaseCaribbean, u-Irwin LaRocque uthe, “Akungabazeki ukuthi ezokuthutha eziphephile, ezisebenzayo nezingabizi kakhulu kulesi sifunda zibaluleke kakhulu enqubweni yethu yokuhlanganisa isifunda. Uma kubhekwa ukusabalala kwezwe Kwamazwe ethu Angamalungu, uhlelo olunjalo lwezokuthutha lubalulekile ukuze kufezwe umgomo wokuhamba ngokukhululeka kwabantu nempahla. Kubaluleke ngokufanayo ukukhuthaza umoya womphakathi phakathi kwabantu bakithi. Kuzosiza futhi ukukhula kwezokuvakasha okubaluleke kakhulu emnothweni wamazwe angamalungu ethu.”

Ukubhekana Nezinselele Zezindiza ZaseCaribbean: 4^th I-Aviation Caribbean Meetup yaminyaka yonke (i-CaribAvia)

I-CaribAvia Meetup isanda kubanjelwa e-St. Maarten futhi ababehambele umcimbi bamukelwe esiqhingini nguNgqongqoshe Wezokuvakasha Nezindaba Zomnotho, Ezokuthutha kanye Nezokuxhumana, uMhlonishwa uStuart Johnson.

UJohnson unxuse ukuthi kwehliswe ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi ukuze kwehliswe ukungcola. Uphinde wakhuthaza ukuxhumana kusuka esiqhingini kuya kwesinye. Uma sibheka esikhathini esizayo, uJohnson usebenzela ukugunyaza imvume yase-US e-St. Maartin, esungula izwe njengendawo yesifunda yezokundiza.

Ingqungquthela yaklanywa futhi yahlanganiswa nguCdr. U-Bud Slabbaert, uSihlalo/Umqalisi we-Caribbean Aviation Meetup.

USeth Miller (PaxEx.Aero) uthe ingqungquthela igxile embuzweni…” ukuthi izici zangaphandle zingazuzisa iziqhingi ngendlela eqeda ubungozi bomonakalo ongaba khona kubaqhubi bazo bendawo. Ambalwa amazwe afuna ukubona izindiza zawo zasekhaya zikhishwa ebhizinisini, kodwa indaba yebhizinisi lemisebenzi emincane yesiqhingi esisodwa kunzima ukuyithethelela.”

UMiller uqhube wathi, “ICuracao isanda kulahlekelwa yi-InselAir, okushiye isiqhingi sidonsa kanzima ukuhlala sixhumene nomhlaba wonke. U-Giselle Hollander, uMqondisi Wezokuthutha Nezokuthutha kulesi siqhingi….(uzama) ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi izindiza zayo ezimbili ezincane ziyakwazi ukuqhubeka ziphila futhi zithuthuke ngenkathi futhi zibuyisela ukuxhumana ngokushesha….(futhi) uzimisele 'ukusebenza ngokubambisana kulo mkhakha kunokulwa …Akusebenzi ukusebenza ngenqubomgomo yethu uma kungasebenzi endaweni.'”

engalapho

UVincent Vanderpool-Wallace, Uzakwethu Oyinhloko we-Bedford Baker Group, e-Nassau, e-Bahamas, uphakamise ukuthi ukuvakasha kwangaphakathi kwesiqhingi kungakhuphuka futhi kusize ekusimamiseni imboni yezokuvakasha ngokwehlisa izindleko zezindiza, kuzenze zifinyeleleke kubahlali baseCaribbean.

Nakuba phezulu lokhu kubonakala kuyindlela engokoqobo yokusimamisa ezokuvakasha njengesifunda saseCaribbean, esinabantu abangu-44,415,014 (kusukela ngoJuni 25, 2019), kulingana namaphesenti angu-0.58 yenani lonke labantu emhlabeni, ngesilinganiso seminyaka yobudala engama-30.6 iminyaka.

Iqiniso liwukuthi ngaphandle (mhlawumbe) kwe-Bahamas, izwe elicebe kunawo wonke emphakathini waseCaribbean elinemali engenayo yezwe yonke engama- $21,280 (Umbiko Wokuthuthukiswa Kwebhange Lomhlaba, 2014) kanye neTrinidad and Tobago ngemali engenayo yomuntu ngamunye engu-$17,002 (2019). ), ukusikisela kwakhe kungase kungabi ngokoqobo.

Amanye amazwe akulesi sifunda awanayo inhlanhla njengeTrinidad neTobago. I-GDP yase-Antigua yi-$12,640; Suriname $8,480; IGrenada $7,110; I-St. Lucia i-$ 6,530; iDominika $6,460; Vincent kanye neGrenadines $6,380; iJamaica $5,140; I-Belize $4,180 kanye neGuyana $3,410.

Nakuba lezi zinombolo zingase zibonise i-GDP, azibonisi Imali Engenayo Ngokubona lapho i-Dominican Republic ibika u-$491.37 futhi i-Saint Lucia imemezele u-$421.11 wezimali zokuzibonela.

Kusukela ngomhla ka-Juni 20, 2019, indiza esuka e-St. Maartin (SXM) eya e-St. Vincent (SVD) izothatha amahora angu-20, imizuzu engu-20 ngenani elingu-$983.00- $1,093.00. Iyini ngempela (futhi ikuphi) imithombo nezisetshenziswa zokukhuphuka kwemali engenayo etholwayo evela kubahlali base-Caribbean engaqondiswa kumathikithi endiza kanye neholide esiqhingini esingumakhelwane (ngamanani amanje amathikithi kanye nokuxhumana okuyinkimbinkimbi kohambo)?

Ukunwetshwa Kwezomnotho

Ukuze sikwazi ukukhokhela imali yendiza, iningi lesifunda kuzodingeka lenyuse amathuba ezomnotho futhi liqhubeke nokukhula okungaphezu kwamaphesenti ayisi-6. Kunobufakazi obuncane bezibalo obucacile obuphakamisa ukuthi amazwe amaningi esifundeni azofinyelela leli zinga lokukhula, ingasaphathwa eyokusigcina.

Izindleko Zokwenza Ibhizinisi

Enye inselele ekundizakeni kwesiqhingi sase-intra-Caribbean yizindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza. Izikhumulo zezindiza eziningi zakulesi sifunda ziyabiza ukuzisebenza futhi zidlulisele izimali eziphezulu kanye nezindleko kubagibeli. Ukwengeza, izivumelwano zesevisi yomoya ezinomkhawulo emazweni amaningi ngokuvamile zinciphisa inani lemizila izindiza ezingasebenza.

Ngokuka-Peter Cerda, iPhini Likamongameli Wesifunda se-IATA, eMelika, isifunda singandisa izinzuzo ezilethwa izindiza kodwa kungenzeka kuphela ngokubambisana nohulumeni abaqaphelayo ukuthi ukubaluleka kwangempela kwendiza kusekuxhumaneni okukunikezayo namathuba eziwakhayo, futhi hhayi ezinkokhelweni nezintela ezingakhishwa kuyo.

Izifundo Okufanele Zifundwe

EMhlanganweni we-CaribAvia MeetUp, u-Robert Ceravolo, oyi-CEO, i-Tropic Ocean Airways (Florida), uncome ukumiswa kwezinkampani zezindiza zesifunda kanye nokuba khona kwamathuba okuqeqeshwa kwezokundiza ngokugxila emisebenzini hhayi emisebenzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphakamise ukusebenzisana komphakathi/kwangasese nezindiza zasolwandle okuzokwenza izivakashi zifinyelele ngokushesha ezindaweni zokungcebeleka ezisezingeni eliphezulu.

UDkt. Sean Gallagan, I-Dean Ehlanganisa Yezinhlelo Zezokuthutha, i-Broward College (Florida) ugxile esidingweni semisebenzi emisha enamakhono obuchwepheshe uhhafu wesigidi ngo-2036. U-Gallagan uphakamise ukuthi kwethulwe abafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme kanye nabasekolishi kumathuba emisebenzi embonini yezokundiza yase-Caribbean ngekamu lasehlobo. ulwazi kanye nokuthuthukisa ubambiswano lomphakathi/lwangasese njengendlela yokuxhasa lezi zinhlelo.

U-Paula Kraft, Uzakwethu Osungulayo, i-DaVinci Inflight Training Institute, uncome ukuqeqeshwa komsebenzi/umsebenzi endaweni yesevisi yokudla kwe-inflight. Kunesidingo sokuqwashisa ngezinto ezingezwani nokudla kanye nokudla okuyingozi kakhulu (okungukuthi, inyama, izilwane zasolwandle, izinkukhu, imikhiqizo yobisi, ukudla okuluhlaza nokufakwa ukushisa okufana nerayisi nemifino ephekiwe). Izisebenzi eziningi azizazi izingozi ezihambisana nokuthenga izinto kanye nokuphakela ukudla okungaphekwa kahle noma okungaphekwe kahle futhi abayazi imiphumela yokusebenzisa izinto ezingcolile, kanye nokungahlanzeki komuntu siqu. Ukwengeza, ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi basendizeni kufanele kufake Izivumelwano Zesevisi ukuze kuhlinzekwe usizo lochwepheshe kumakhasimende.

Isibhakabhaka Esivuliwe noma Esivaliwe

Umhleli weCaribAvia, uCdr. U-Bud Slabbaert ubuza ubuqiniso be-Open Skies futhi uncoma ukuthi singalisebenzisi leli gama uma kuxoxwa nge-Caribbean airspace njengoba linjalo, “...ivula ngokushesha izindlela zokuvikela njengoba itholakala njengokuqeda imithetho kanye nokugxambukela kukahulumeni.”

Empeleni, izivumelwano ze-Open Skies ziyizinhlelo zesevisi yezindiza zamazwe amabili okuxoxiswene ngazo phakathi kwamazwe, ezibandakanya abagibeli nezinkonzo zempahla. Bonke abathintekayo engxoxweni kufanele bavumelane ngokuvula izimakethe zabo. Okwamanje, uSlabbaert uthola ukuthi isidingo sokuthola amazwe angama-20+ ukuthi avumelane cishe akunakwenzeka; mhlawumbe isizathu sokuthi akukho okwenzekayo futhi “...enye iNgqungquthela Yabahlonishwayo ngeke iyishintshe.”

Ithemba Springs Phakade

USlabbaert unethemba! Uphakamisa ukuthi kusetshenziswe izinxephezelo, amazwe aklomelisa nezinkampani zezindiza ezithembisa (futhi zithobelane) nomqondo we-Open Skies zinikezwe isitifiketi kanye Nophawu Lokuvunyelwa minyaka yonke. Uncoma futhi ukuthi kugxilwe kwezokuvakasha eziqhingini lapho amazwe enza imizamo yokufuna izixazululo ezingaheha umhambi. Impela, ukungeza izintela kumathikithi endiza, amahhotela, kanye nazo zonke ezinye izingxenye zesipiliyoni sezokuvakasha akuwona umvuzo wezivakashi ezinquma ukuya, "I-Caribbean Friendly Skies."

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe nge-CaribAvia, Chofoza lapha, kanye nolwazi olwengeziwe ngeCaribbean, Chofoza lapha.

© UDkt Elinor Garely. Lo mbhalo we-copyright, ofaka nezithombe, awunakukhiqizwa kabusha ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliwe evela kumbhali.