IBhabhiloni: Ukugcina indawo yomlando eyigugu noma ukwenza imali ngayo?

BABYLON, Iraq – UHLELO oluxhaswe yi-US lokubuyisela amanxiwa edolobha lase-Iraq lasendulo, i-Babylon, lusongelwa ingxabano phakathi kwezikhulu zase-Iraq mayelana nokuthi okumele kube yinto ehamba phambili yini ukugcina indawo noma ukwenza imali ngayo.

Izikhulu zendawo zifuna kwenziwe umsebenzi osheshayo ukubuyisela amanxiwa abhidlikayo futhi kuqalwe kwakhiwe izindawo zokudlela nezitolo zezipho ezizohehwa abavakashi, kuyilapho izikhulu zezakudala e-Baghdad zithanda indlela enzima kakhulu yokugwema amaphutha okuvuselela akudala.

Amanxiwa edolobha elineminyaka eyinkulungwane, elaziwa ngezingadi zalo ze-Hanging kanye ne-Tower of Babel, ahlukumezeke kakhulu emashumini eminyaka adlule. Ekujuleni kweningizimu yase-Iraq evundile, iqoqo lamathempeli nezigodlo ezimbiwayo zabuye zakhiwa kabusha yilowo owayengumbusi uSaddam Hussein ngeminyaka yawo-1980s, esebenzisa isitini sesimanje esiphuzi ukwakha izakhiwo eziphakeme ezalimaza izinsalela ezintekenteke zamanxiwa okuqala odaka. Ngemuva kokuwa kukaSaddam ngo-2003, isizinda samasosha ase-US esizeni senza omunye umonakalo.

Le ndawo igcwele izintaba eziminyene ezifihle amaphesenti alinganiselwa ku-95 edolobha ahlala engakambiwa - abavubukuli abathemba ukuthi ekugcineni angadalulwa.

Kodwa ukuze lokho kwenzeke, bathi, umsebenzi ohamba kancane futhi ocophelelayo udinga ukwenziwa ukuqeqesha ama-Iraqi kwezokongiwa kwemvelo futhi kwakhiwe uhlelo lokulondoloza olungasetshenziswa ukuqoqa izimali zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuthola indawo ye-UNESCO World Heritage status.

U-$700,000, iphrojekthi yeminyaka emibili yokwenza lokho, exhaswe uMnyango Wezwe LaseMelika futhi eyenziwa yi-World Monuments Fund ezinze eNew York, yaqala ngonyaka odlule futhi uma iphumelela, iphrojekthi yaseBhabhiloni ingaba yisibonelo sokusindisa ezinye iziza zasendulo. kuleli lizwe elabona ukuzalwa kwempucuko yasemadolobheni.

“Nginethemba ngoba okwenzeka eBhabhiloni kuyisinyathelo esifanele nesayense, futhi, uma uNkulunkulu ethanda, umsebenzi eBhabhiloni uzovula imibono emisha,” kusho uQais Hussein Rashid, inhloko yomnyango wezinto zakudala ezihlwempu e-Iraq.

Yasungulwa ngenkulungwane yesi-3 ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu, iBabiloni laqala ukuvelela cishe eminyakeni eyizi-4,000 edlule ngaphansi kweNkosi u-Hammurabi, ithebhulethi yayo yomthetho edumile ehlala eParis' Louvre Museum. Emakhulwini eminyaka alandela leli dolobha lanqotshwa, lacekelwa phansi futhi lakhiwa kabusha izikhathi eziningana, laba idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni elinezakhamuzi ezingu-250,000 ngaphansi kweNkosi uNebukadinesari II ngo-600 BC.

UNebukadinesari wakha izingadi ezilengayo ezidumile, esinye sezimangaliso eziyisikhombisa zomhlaba, esenzela umkakhe owayekhumbula ekhaya. Wabuye wadingisa abantu bamaJuda kwa-Israyeli, wathola i-rap embi eBabiloni esikweni lamaJudeo-Christian futhi igama lomuzi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi liye lafana nesono.

Uma kubhekwa isimo sezinsalela, i-World Monuments Fund yandisa iphrojekthi yayo, ifuna i-$ 1 million evela e-US ukubuyisela izikhumbuzo ezimbili ezidinga ukuhlenga ngokushesha: ithempeli laseNabu-Sha-Khare elineminyaka engu-2,500 kanye nezinsalela ze-Ishtar eyisikhumbuzo. Isango, kanye nesango elikhulu lokungena emzini kaNebukadinesari.

Kuwo wonke amanxiwa abhidliziwe, ithempeli linamandla amakhulu kunawo wonke, elinamakamelo alo anameva namagceke anama-altare onkulunkulu.

“Lokhu bekunendwangu yokuqala kakhulu,” kuchaza uJeffrey Allen, umdidiyeli wohlelo. “Kuyisibonelo esiyivelakancane sethempeli elingaphelele langenkathi entsha yaseBhabhiloni.”

Kodwa ukhonkolo olwagcotshwa phezu kwebhilidi lezitini zodaka ngeminyaka yawo-1980s liyaphephuka futhi kwezinye izindawo isisindo sezinto zesimanje sidilizile izindonga zasendulo. Imishayo yokhuni egcwele umuhlwa nayo iye yadilika, yehlisa izingxenye zophahla, futhi amazinga aphansi ezindonga adliwa amanzi akhuphukayo avela kwezolimo eziseduze.

Izisekelo ezingamamitha angu-45 ubude (amamitha angu-13.7) zeSango le-Ishtar zihlala zihlaba umxhwele, ezakhiwe ngezitini ezihlotshiswe ngemidwebo emihle yamadragoni nezinkunzi. Ukufakwa phansi kukasimende okwabekwa phansi ngeminyaka yawo-1980, nokho, kuye kwaphusha amanzi aphansi ezindongeni zamasango, kwabhidliza izitini futhi kwacekela phansi umugqa ongezansi wezilwane ezibaziweyo.

IBabiloni liphinde lavulelwa umphakathi ngonyaka odlule futhi lithola inqwaba yezivakashi, cishe abantu bendawo. Lesi sizinda bekuyisizinda samasosha ase-US nasePoland kwaze kwaba ngu-2005, futhi umbiko we-UNESCO ngo-2009 wagxeka amasosha ngokuyilimaza ngemishini yawo emikhulu.

Kepha ku-Allen nabanye abafunda lesi siza, umonakalo weminyaka ye-Saddam mubi kakhulu.

Ehlose ukuzihlanganisa namakhosi akhazimulayo esikhathi esedlule sase-Iraq, uSaddam wayala ukuthi amanxiwa alelizwe akhiwe kabusha. Isigodlo sikaNebukadinesari esiseningizimu manje sinezindonga eziphakeme zezitini zesimanje eziphuzi, eziningi zazo ezigxivizwe ngegama likaSaddam. Isigodlo kanye nenkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseGreece eyakhiwe kabusha eseduze kwasetshenziselwa ukusingatha umkhosi waminyaka yonke womculo.

Umsebenzi "uphuthunyiswe ngamaphutha amaningi," kusho u-Ayeed Ghalib al-Taie, isekela lomhloli wendawo osebenze eBhabhiloni kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.

Manje njengoba indawo ezungezile isivikelekile, izikhulu zesifundazwe zizimisele ngokuba nezivakashi - nemali yazo - ziphinde zifike esizeni. Umbusi wesifundazwe sase-Babil, uphusha ukubuyisela ngokushesha futhi akafuni ukulinda ukuqhubeka nokufunda.

“Asigculisekile ngesivinini somsebenzi kule ndawo, enganakiwe nhlobo ibhodi lezakudala,” kusho uMansour al-Manae, oyilungu lomkhandlu wesifundazwe nenhloko yekomiti lemivubukulo nezokungcebeleka.

Kumanje isifundazwe sesiyithathile ingxenye yalesi siza, saguqula amabhilidi esimanje awenza izinsiza zezivakashi futhi sesafuna isigodlo esisegqumeni iSaddam esakhiwe ngendlela ebheke emanxiweni ngeminyaka yawo-1990.

"Sizama konke okusemandleni ukuheha abatshalizimali ukuze kwakhiwe izindawo zokudlela nezinye izindawo ezihehayo," kusho u-al-Manae, ebiza le ndawo ngokuthi "umthombo omkhulu wemali esifundazweni nasezweni."

Umbusi waze waxhumana ne-UNESCO ngemuva komnyango wezinto zakudala ngoJanuwari futhi asayine incwadi yenhloso yokusebenza ndawonye eBabiloni. Kepha uBaghdad wamphusha ukuthi ayisule le ncwadi, kusho uRashid, isikhulu sikahulumeni sezinto zakudala.

Njengoba uzinzo lubuyela kancane kancane ezweni ngemva kweminyaka yezinxushunxushu, izivakashi ezinentshisekelo yomlando ocebile wase-Iraq zibuyela emuva ukuze zibone izindawo ezifana neZiggurat yase-Uri, indawo okwazalelwa kuyo uPatriarch Abraham waseBhayibhelini, eningizimu eningizimu.

U-Mohammed Taher, ongumqondisi wezokuvakasha eBhabhiloni amashumi eminyaka, ukhumbula ukuthi izivakashi zaseNtshonalanga ngeminyaka yawo-1970 kanye nawo-1980 zazifika emanxiweni oMbhoshongo WaseBabele ngoNcibijane zizobamba imikhosi yokukhumbula ukubaluleka kwayo kweBhayibheli - nakuba okusele kungumumo oyisikwele. iqhubu elinotshani.

U-Allen we-WMF uthi ukuhamba kancane manje ukuze wenze izinhlelo ezicophelelayo kuzokhokha kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kubaxhasi bamazwe ngamazwe.

“Ukumbiwa okusha ngeke kuqhubeke kuze kube yilapho sixazulula lezi zinkinga,” kusho u-Allen. Kodwa uma lokho sekwenzekile “uzoba nesiza esihle ngelinye ilanga, sinamandla amakhulu.”