ILithuania yabathandi

I-Lithuania igubha iminyaka eyinkulungwane yayo ngo-2009. Ukubhalwa kokuqala okulotshiwe ngeLithuania kutholakala embhalweni wesandla waseJalimane wenkathi ephakathi, i-Quedlinburg Chronicle, ngomhla ka-14 February 1009. Kungani ngosuku lwe-Valentine? Abanye bangase bathi, "... ngoba iLithuania ingeyezithandani!"

I-Lithuania iyizwe likamama womlimi odumile waseCinderella uMarta Skavronskaya, ikamu eliphansi elathunjwa amasosha aseRussia ngo-1702. Ngokushesha wakhuphuka isitebhisi sezempi yezenhlalo waze wakhanga isithakazelo sikaGeneralissimo, iNkosana u-Aleksandr Menshikov. Ngenkosana, wakwazi ukungena kuMbusi uPeter I (owaziwa kangcono ngokuthi uPeter Omkhulu), ngaleyo ndlela ehweba “ngesiqalo sakhe sobukhosi” ukuze athole uMbusi. UPetru noMarta bathandana ngokujulile; yena waguqukela eSontweni Lobu-Orthodox, futhi washintsha igama lakhe laba uCatherine. UPeter washada nenhlanhla yaseLithuania, enomqhele wakhe uCzarina Catherine, nombusi ohlangene wawo wonke amaRussia. Le ngubo yokuhlanza yaseLithuania yasuka kuma-rags yaya engcebweni; yindaba yothando okufanele uyikhumbule. Uma unentshisekelo ohlotsheni olumnandi nolungcolile lokukhuphuka kwakhe, bheka ivolumu yesihlanu, ikhasi 526 le-Encyclopedia Britannica kusukela ngo-1911 - uzomangala ukuthi wenzeni ngothando.

Ngayithanda iLithuania lapho umkhumbi wethu ufika esikhumulweni samanzi afudumele, iKlaipėda, idolobhana lasenganekwaneni elinezakhiwo ezifulelwe ngamapulangwe, amafaçade anamapulangwe, izingadi ezimhlophe njengeqhwa nezitudiyo zobuciko ezifana neGepetto. Eyaziwa iminyaka eminingi engu-750 edlule ngaphansi kwegama layo le-Hanseatic League i-Memel, i-Klaipėda ibe isikhungo sokuhweba olwandle kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi komlando, ngenhlanhla ngenxa yendawo eku-Amber Road yasendulo.

I-Klaipėda idume ngezigaxa zayo zenhlaka esagolide, ezigeza ngokwemvelo emabhishi ayo anesihlabathi se-quartz emhlophe ngemva kokuduma kwezulu. Leli tshe eliyigugu elikhazimulayo belilokhu laziswa abasebukhosini ngisho nelingcwelisiwe kusukela kudala; uFaro waseGibhithe uTutankhamun wayenenhlaka yeBaltic phakathi kwengcebo yakhe yokungcwaba, futhi inhlaka yayithuthwa isuka oLwandle Olusenyakatho yayiswa ethempelini eDelphi njengomnikelo kunkulunkulu u-Apollo. Ubuhlalu be-amber kanye nezinye izinto zobuciko ze-Stone Age zitholwe endaweni esukela emuva kunkulungwane yesithathu BC.

U-Liudovika Pakalkaite (umqondisi wethu wokuvakasha onobuhlakani nonomusa ovela e-Meja Travel, indodakazi ebukekayo yomnikazi, i-belle enolwazi lwebhizinisi okuthiwa u-Migle Holliday) wasihlangabeza lapho sifika ethekwini. Ulethe uhlu lwezindawo ezithakazelisayo zamasiko nezomlando azozivakashela, okuhlanganisa ne-Curonian Sandbar, Indawo Yamagugu Omhlaba ye-UNESCO yobuhle bemvelo obukhulu (futhi ngokusemthethweni indawo enelanga kakhulu ezweni).

U-Liudovika wasiyisa ebhistroni esezingeni eliphezulu yaseLithuania, lapho sajabulela khona ukudla okuvamile okwamukelekayo: isinkwa esincane nosawoti omncane, okuphakelwa ithawula elimibalabala. Isinkwa sithathwa njengesikhethekile kuleli zwe elincane; igxile kakhulu emasikweni kangangokuthi sekungamakhulu eminyaka abasanda kushada bebingelelwa ngesinkwa nosawoti.

I-Lithuania iyindawo yezivakashi ekhula ngokushesha kakhulu eYurophu. Izivakashi zithola ukuthi kuningi ezingakuthanda kuleli zwe elincane.

I-Raganų Kalnas (Intaba Yabathakathi) idlala iqoqo eliyingqayizivele lemifanekiso (yonke eqoshwe kusukela ku-oki) ehlangene egqumeni elinamahlathi e-Juodkrantė. Lo msebenzi ugqugquzelwe ukutholakala kwemidwebo yenhlaka eseneminyaka engu-4,000 XNUMX ikhona kule ndawo, abavubukuli abakholelwa ukuthi yayisetshenziswa abantu basendulo ekwenzeni iminikelo. Namuhla, isithombe ngasinye sokhuni sihlanganisa amaqhawe nabalingiswa bezinganekwane zasendulo zaseLithuania, kungaba abathakathi, odeveli noma izilo zezinganekwane. Ngokwesiko, umuntu uhlebela endlebeni yomthakathi isifiso esiyimfihlo, esiyofezeka nakanjani; noma umuntu angahlala ebhentshini okuthiwa lelapha zonke izifo. Ngabuza ku-Liudovika ukuthi i-derriere enamandla kakhulu ingase ithole ikhambi elisebenza ngempumelelo.

Inganekwane yaseLithuania inothile ngezinganekwane ezimibalabala. Ngokwezinkolelo zaseLithuania, ngobusuku obandulela uKhisimusi ncamashi phakathi kwamabili izilwane zingakhuluma. Ngokudumala kakhulu, ngokuvamile bakutshela izinto ongafuni ukuzizwa. Maye kulabo abafuna ukwazi ngokweqile, funa izilwane zibikezele usuku nehora lokufa kwakho. Kungcono ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kusenesikhathi kulobu busuku, ngaphandle kwalapho uthanda umkhomo wenganekwane.

I-Thomas Mann Museum, edolobhaneni eliseduze lokudoba i-Nida, yake yaba yindlu yamaholide kaThomas Mann, iNobel Laureate in Literature. UMann wayethanda isihlabathi esicwebezelayo sendawo yaseCuronian Dunes kangangokuthi wachitha ihlobo lakhe lapha, ebhala futhi enza i-tetralogy yakhe enkulu kunazo zonke ethi "UJoseph Nabafowabo" ngokuqondile esuka endlini yakhe enhle ebheke emanzini aseCuronian. Njengoba uLwandle iBaltic lungasentshonalanga, ukushona kwelanga emkhathizwe emanzini kwenza ubusuku bothando obunemibala ewumbukwane ehlanganisa yonke i-spectrum. Impela, lezi zindawo ezisogwini lolwandle ziyathandeka, ziyathakazelisa, zenziwe ngobunono futhi zinhle ngendlela emangalisayo - zibusiswe umoya ohelezayo, isihlabathi esicwazimulayo esicwebezelayo kanye nezitshalo zase-Lietuvan - inhlanganisela yobuhle ukuze kuvele imnyuziyamu ephezulu engakhuthaza ngisho nababhali abapholile.

Isiko elihle lenzeka phakathi nedili lika-St. John (insummer solstice), lapho izintokazi zivuka ekuseni ukuze zibuthe amazolo esitshalweni, bese zigeza ubuso bazo ngamazolo asekuseni. Lokhu kucatshangwa ukuthi kunikeza izintokazi ezisencane ibala elihle. Mhlawumbe kukhona okuthile ngakho – umqondisi wethu wokuvakasha, uLiudovika Pakalkaite, unebala elihle ngokukhazimulayo.

Izimbali ziningi kule ndawo esogwini. I-Folklore ilandisa ukuthi ngobusuku buka-St. John, i-fern iqala ukuqhakaza futhi uma uthola ukuqhakaza kwe-fern, uzogcwala amandla okuthola ingcebo efihliwe. Ngokwezinye izinganekwane, uzothola inhlanhla engajwayelekile (mhlawumbe ukushada nesikhulu).

I-Palanga Amber Museum igcinwe endaweni ka-Count Feliksas Tiškevičiai, isikhulu saseRutheni esinezimpande ezilandelelwe ngezikhathi zeGrand Duchy yaseLithuania. Lapha, uLiudovika Pakalkaite wasibonisa izingcezu zenhlaka ezingaphezu kuka-4,500 55 (ezinye izibonelo zinkulu njengamadada ngaphandle kwesigodlo). Umnyuziyamu ufundisa izivakashi ngesayensi engemuva kwenhlaka - izingcezu zakhiwe ngenhlaka yesihlahla sikaphayini ngesikhathi se-Eocene (eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-XNUMX edlule) eScandinavia lapho isimo sezulu sasifudumele kakhulu ukuya ezindaweni ezishisayo. Isitolo sezipho sasemnyuziyamu sinikeze ubucwebe be-amber obusikwe kahle nobupholishelwe okufakwe igolide nesiliva ngamanani aphansi, kodwa imigexo yezitolo zabathengisi esigcawini semakethe ibiza kancane njenge-euro eyodwa iyinye. Njengoba abantu bakule ndawo bemane bekama ogwini ukuze baqoqe amatshe ayigugu agqamile, bayakwazi ukudayisela izivakashi ingoma. Ubucwebe be-amber buthandwa yizivakashi, ezithatha izingcezu zibuyele ekhaya futhi zinikeze ezibathandayo ngoKhisimusi.

Isici esisodwa esibalulekile etafuleni olwandulela usuku olwandulela uKhisimuzi i-Slizikai, uhlobo lwekhukhi lesinkwa esifushane elifakwe ikhreme lembewu ye-poppy. I-Slizikai iyingxenye yesifundo esisodwa kuphela edilini likaKhisimusi - kunezifundo eziyishumi nambili sezizonke, eziqinisekisa ukuthi izivakashi zizogxiliswa kahle. Kodwa ukudla kuhlala etafuleni ubusuku bonke - lokhu kudla okwemimoya yabathandekayo asebedlulile. Ipuleti elingenalutho nalo libekwe njengesikhumbuzo sothandekayo osanda kulahlekelwa.

I-Lithuanian Maritime Museum itholakala endaweni ye-whilom Prussian Fort eyake yavikela ukungena kwechweba laseKalipėda. Ngokushintshana okubukhali kwemishini yomlando, izivakashi zanamuhla zamukelwa ngemfudumalo e-barbican ukuze zijabulele ubumnandi obulapho: imibukiso yamahlengethwa, izindawo ezihlala emanzini ezinezinhlanzi ezivela olwandle lwaseBaltic nolwandle olushisayo, amaphengwini, izimvu zamanzi zaseBaltic namabhubesi olwandle azungeza amachibi ngokuvilapha, njengoba kanye nezinto zemivubukulo, i-ethnographic kanye ne-iconographical, i-numismatics, amabalazwe asendulo, imikhumbi kanye ne-nautical curiosities. Amakhonsathi omculo wesintu kanye namafestivali agujwa endaweni ye-bailey embukisweni wezindawo zomdobi we-ethnographic Mažoji Lietuva. Embukisweni wase-Fortress of Kopgalis, umcimbi wokuphakamisa ifulegi ohambisana nokuqhuma kwezinganono eziningi usiza ekudaleni kabusha isithombe esinamandla sobuciko bayo obumangalisayo ngokubona nomsindo.

Ukuhambahamba okumnandi eduze komfula i-Danes kusifikise enkabeni yeDolobha Elidala i-Klaipėda, manje eyikoloni labaculi elisingatha izitshudiyo zobuciko namagalari amaningi. U-Liudovika wasiyisa estudio somculi wendwangu oweluka indwangu yendabuko yase-Lietuvan, indawo yakhe eqondile evele yagqama ibe nemiklamo yemikhosi. Izingcweti zengilazi zibonise imisebenzi yazo ikhanyiselwe emuva ngokugqama, iqinisa imibala egqamile namaphethini anyakazayo. Idolobha Elidala linikeza inqwaba yezindawo zokuphumula ezinezithombe eziqoshiwe ezenziwe ngezandla, imidwebo kanye nempahla yesipho ene-amber.

“I-Kaziukas Fair” umbukiso wendabuko omkhulu kunawo wonke wasemgwaqweni e-Lithuania, obanjwe ngosuku luka-St. Casimir, Mashi 4. Abeluki abanekhono, ababumbi, abakhandi bensimbi, ababazi bezinkuni kanye nezinye izingcweti ezivela kulo lonke elase-Lithuania bayahlangana ukuze babonise ama-ojets abo enziwe ngesandla. ubuciko. Amanye amaqanda amahle kakhulu esitayela se-Fabergé ayaboniswa.

E-Lithuania, izingane zizingela amaqanda ePhasika afihliwe ashiywe yi-Velykų Senelė (uGogo wePhasika) noma i-Velykė. Kukhona onogwaja bePhasika, kodwa bangabaculi abahlobisa amaqanda. Ekuseni kakhulu ngePhasika, onogwaja balayisha amaqanda e-Easter enqoleni ebukekayo edonswa ihhashi elincane elinejubane. I-Velykų Senelė isebenzisa umsebe welanga njengesiswebhu ukuze iqhube ihhashi elincane liye phambili. Kwamanye amadolobhana, onogwaja ngokwabo badonsa inqola egcwele amaqanda ama-Easter. I-Velykų Senelė ifihla amaqanda amahle eduze kwezindlu zezingane ezinhle. Uma ingane iye yaba yimbi, ithola iqanda elimhlophe elingahlotshisiwe elivela kuGogo WePhasika, futhi iholide layo lePhasika lichitha ehlazweni, ligconwa futhi lihlekwa usulu “izingane ezinhle.” Kuyahlekisa, akunjalo?

Mhlawumbe uhambo oluyingqayizivele kunazo zonke olunikezwa i-Meja Travel ukuvakashela ikhaya le-attaché ye-British Defense e-Lithuania, lapho abafuna indawo enhle bamenywa khona ukuze bajabulele izingadi ezinhle, futhi kamuva baphathwa ngokuqabuleka kwesitayela sabalimi kuhlanganise nokukhanya kwenyanga okufakwe endaweni. . Umndeni waseBrithani wabelana ngokuthi kwakunjani ukusuka ekulawuleni kweSoviet ukuya ekuzimeleni kwe-Lithuanian, izindinganiso zabo zezwe, amathemba, amaphupho, kanye nombono wekusasa labo.

Iphupho lami ngekusasa liwukubuyela eKlaipėda futhi ngichithe amasonto ambalwa ehlobo, ngihamba ezinyathelweni zikaThomas Mann, ngithatha yonke inkazimulo eyiLithuania. Phela, uLiudovika wasitshela ukuthi igama elithi Klaipėda ngokwalo liyingxube yenkulumo ethi “klampi pėda” (indawo enexhaphozi), futhi, okungenani kimina, iba yisingathekiso sokushiya umbono emhlabathini, okuyothi ngelinye ilanga ngibuyele emuva. lelo zwe elihle nelikhumbulekayo.