Umthetho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo ungase udle izihloko eziningi kulezi zinsuku, kodwa ukude nomthethosivivinywa kuphela ozungeza eCapitol Hill. Omunye umthetho omusha ongena buthule etafuleni likaMongameli Obama uMthetho Wokukhuthaza Ukuhamba (TPA) - usuvele ugunyazwe yiSigele futhi manje uphambi kweNdlu - ozosungula ibhodi lezokuvakasha lokuqala elisemthethweni lezwe elingenzi nzuzo.
Cishe wonke amazwe emhlabeni, amakhulu namancane, anomnyango wezokuvakasha osemthethweni wokuheha abavakashi ogwini lwawo. I-Tunisia Encane inamahhovisi ezokuvakasha angama-24 emazweni ayi-19 emhlabeni jikelele. INingizimu Afrika inamahhovisi ayi-10 emazwenikazi amane. IMelika ayinalo, esikhundleni salokho ithembele ezinkampanini ezizimele ukuheha izivakashi. "Izinkampani zezindiza, abavakashi, amahhotela - babe nomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhangisa iMelika," kusho uHenry Harteveldt, umhlaziyi wemboni yezokuvakasha eForrester Research eSan Francisco. "Uhulumeni uziqhelelanisile nalezi zinhlelo futhi ngenxa yalokho, silahlekelwe ngabahambi."
Ngempela, nakuba uhambo lwaminyaka yonke lwamazwe ngamazwe lunyukile, kusukela ezigidini ezingu-124 zabahambi emhlabeni wonke ngo-2000 kuya ezigidini ezingu-173 ngonyaka odlule, ukuvakasha kwaminyaka yonke kwabakwamanye amazwe beya e-United States kwehlile, kusukela ezigidini ezingu-26 ngo-2000 kuya ezigidini ezingu-25.3 ngo-2008. kubonakala kuncane, uze ucabange ukuthi kudle izwe imali elinganiselwa ku-$27 billion emalini elahlekile yentela kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Njengoba amazinga okuntuleka kwemisebenzi manje engaphezulu kuka-10% e-US, izinzuzo zezomnotho zokuvakasha kwamanye amazwe azikaze zibe eziphuthuma kakhulu, nokho izivakashi azikaze zibe yindlala. “Samukela izivakashi ezimbalwa njalo ngonyaka,” kuzikhalela uGeoff Freeman, iphini likamongameli omkhulu wezindaba zomphakathi e-US Travel, iqembu lesizwe elimela imboni yezokuvakasha.
Ukusiza ukugcina abahambi kude yimikhawulo eqinile yama-visa, izinqubo eziqinile zokungena emadeskini abokufika kanye nokwanda okujwayelekile kwemizwa emelene namaMelika ngemuva kwezimpi zase-Iraq nase-Afghanistan. “Sasithatha kalula abahambi bakwamanye amazwe futhi ngephutha sacabanga ukuthi bazoqhubeka nokuza,” kusho uHarteveldt.
Ababukeli baseWashington balindele ukuthi i-TPA idlulise iSenethi ekupheleni konyaka. Uma isigunyaziwe, izodala amabhizinisi amabili amasha - Ihhovisi Lokuphromotha Ukuvakasha kanye Nenhlangano Yokuphromotha Ukuvakasha - ukusiza izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe zingene ngempela ezweni. Amahhovisi azosebenza njengezinsiza zabo bobabili abavakashi kanye nemboni yezokuvakasha, echaza imithethonqubo ye-visa kanye nezidingo zokungena, ehlinzeka ngedatha yendawo kanye nemikhankaso yokumaketha yokuxhasa. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ngokuqhakambisa izwe lonke - esikhundleni senkampani yezindiza noma indawo ethile - abalandeli be-TPA bathi lo mthethosivivinywa ungaheha abavakashi abengeziwe abafinyelela ezigidini eziyi-1.6 ukuthi bavakashele eMelika unyaka ngamunye. Lokho kusho inzuzo yezomnotho elinganiselwa ku-$4 billion, okungase kuphumele emisebenzini emisha engu-40,000.
“Umthetho omusha umayelana nokudala amathuba emisebenzi kanye nokukhuthaza umnotho,” kuchaza uSenator Byron Dorgan (D-ND), umxhasi oyinhloko walo mthethosivivinywa kanye nelungu eliholayo leKomidi Elincane LeSigele LezokuThutha, Ezezindlu kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwamadolobha. “Kuzosiza futhi ukubeka ubuso bomphakathi obungcono esizweni,” kwengeza uDorgan. “Yize amanye amazwe esebenza kanzima ukunxenxa abahambi, sibukeka sithumela umyalezo wokuthi asibafuni lapha.”
I-TPA izoba nesabelomali esingafika ku-$200 million, ixhaswe ngeminikelo evela ezinkampanini ezizimele (amahhotela nezinkampani zezindiza, isibonelo) kanye nemali entsha engu-$10 ezokhokhwa yinoma yisiphi isivakashi esingena kwamanye amazwe esingadingi i-visa yokungena. Isici sokugcina sifakazele ukuthi siyimpikiswano - ikakhulukazi kubahambi abaningi base-Europe okuzomele babhekane nalezo zindleko ezengeziwe. Inxusa uJohn Bruton, inhloko yethimba leKhomishini YaseYurophu e-United States, ubize intela engaba khona ngokuthi “ngokubandlulula” esitatimendeni sangoSepthemba, futhi waxwayisa ngokuthi “kungase kube yisinyathelo esibuyela emuva emzamweni wethu ohlanganyelwe wokuhamba nge-atlantic.”
Nakuba imali ingase “ifihlwe” ezindizeni zezindiza, u-Harteveldt ukhathazekile ngokuthi ekugcineni ingase isebenze ngokumelene nezinhlelo ze-TPA futhi “ibuye izosihlupha.” Kodwa uSenator u-Dorgan uphikisa ukuthi u-$10 uphansi kakhulu kunezindleko ezifanayo - kusukela kuntela yokungena yase-Ireland engu-$14 kuya ku-$100 yase-UK ekhokhelwa abantu baseMelika lapho bevakashela phesheya. Futhi njengoba amazwe angama-35 kuphela okuzodingeka ukuthi akhokhe le mali, abahambi bangaphandle abangaphansi kuka-30% bazothinteka.
Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kweshumi uHulumeni wase-US aqala ukuzama ukwakha ihhovisi lezokuvakasha elisemthethweni. Ngo-1996, ngaphansi kukaMongameli u-Bill Clinton, i-US National Tourism Organization yethulwa, kodwa yashiywa ngemva kweminyaka emithathu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimali ze-Congressional - njengoba kwaba yimizamo eyalandela ngo-2001 no-2003. Kodwa njengoba uMthetho Wokukhuthaza Ukuhamba ka-2009 ungena kuCongress , kubonakala sengathi ithole ukwesekwa okwanele ukuze iphasiswe emthethweni - futhi ixhaswe ngemali ukuze isebenze. UFreeman we-US Travel uyavuma ukuthi kuzothatha omunye unyaka ngaphambi kokuthi Ihhovisi Lokuphromotha Ukuvakasha liqale ukusebenza ngokugcwele. Kepha unethemba lokuthi iWashington izoyibona inzuzo yokwanda kohambo lwakwamanye amazwe ekubuyiselweni kwezwe kwezezimali. "Lesi yisithelo esiphansi sokulungisa umnotho," kusho uFreeman. "Kumayelana nesixazululo esisobala njengoba ungacabanga - futhi sicabanga ukuthi uNobhala uClinton noMongameli Obama bakubona ngokucacile lokhu."
