Ukuhlaziywa kwe-DNA kanye ne-CT scan kamama kafaro Tutankhamun woBukhosi be-18 (cishe 1333-1323 BC) kanye nezidumbu ezaziwa noma okukholakala ukuthi zingamalungu omndeni wakhe oseduze kwembule ubufakazi obusha obushaqisayo bozalo lwenkosi encane kanye nembangela yokufa. . Umphumela owengeziwe wocwaningo olusha, lapho ukuhlaziywa kwe-DNA kwakwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo ezidumbu ezidumbu zaseGibhithe lasendulo okokuqala ngqa, ukuthi izidumbu eziningana ezazingaziwa ngaphambili manje zinganikezwa amagama. Lezi zifundo zenziwa ososayensi baseGibhithe kanye nabeluleki bamazwe ngamazwe njengengxenye yeProjekthi yeTutankhamun, ngaphansi kobuholi bukaDkt. Zahi Hawass. Lokhu okutholakele kushicilelwe yi-JAMA, i-Journal of the American Medical Association, kuhlelo lwabo lwangoFebhuwari 17, 2010, (Umqulu 303, no. 7).
Iziphetho eziyinhloko ezatholwa ithimba ziwukuthi uyise kaTutankhamun wayeyinkosi “eyimbuka,” u-Akhenaten, isidumbu sakhe manje cishe esihlotshaniswa nomama we-KV 55 eSigodini Samakhosi. Unina, namanje ongeke adalulwe igama lakhe, "uyiNkosazana Encane" engcwatshwe ethuneni lika-Amenhotep II (KV 35). Umama “weNenekazi Ekhulile” ovela ethuneni elifanayo manje usengahlonzwa ngokuphelele ngokuthi ugogo kaTutankhamun, iNdlovukazi uTiye. Ukukhanya okusha kwavela ngembangela yokufa kukaTutankhamun ngokutholakala kwe-DNA evela ku-parasite ebangela umalaleveva; kungenzeka ukuthi inkosi esencane yashona ngenxa yezinkinga ezibangelwa uhlobo olubi lwalesi sifo.
Ukuhlaziywa okuyinhloko kwenziwa elabhorethri ye-DNA esanda kwakhiwa e-Egypt Museum, eCairo enikezelwe ku-DNA yasendulo; lokhu kunikelwe kuphrojekthi ngabakwa-Discovery. Izinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlaziywa kwe-DNA zenziwa kumasampula athathwe emathanjeni alezi zidumbu: ukuhlaziywa kwe-nuclear DNA eqondile esuka ku-Y chromosome, edluliselwa ngokuqondile kusuka kubaba kuya endodaneni, ukuze kufundwe umugqa woyise; kanye nezigxivizo zeminwe zofuzo ezivela ku-autosomal DNA ye-nuclear genome enganqumi ngokuqondile ubulili bomuntu. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela ye-DNA, ukuhlaziya kwaphindwa futhi kwaphindwa ngokuzimela elabhorethri ye-DNA yasendulo esanda kuhlonyiswa enabasebenzi beqembu elihlukile. Ama-CT scans enziwa ngeyunithi ye-CT eneziqephu eziningi ezihambayo C130 KV, 124-130 ms, 014-3 mm slice ukujiya, i-Siemens Somatom Emotion 6 enikelwe kuphrojekthi ngabakwa-Siemens kanye ne-National Geographic Society.
Kokubili ukuhlaziywa kwe-Y-chromosome kanye nokunyatheliswa kweminwe yofuzo kwenziwe ngempumelelo, futhi kuvumele ukudalwa kwesizukulwane sesizukulwane esiyisihlanu senkosi encane. Ukuhlaziywa kufakazela ngokugcwele ukuthi ubaba kaTutankhamun wayengumama otholakala ku-KV 55. I-CT scan yalo mama yephrojekthi inikeza iminyaka yokushona kwalo mama ephakathi kuka-45 no-55, okubonisa ukuthi lo mama (owayecatshangwa ukuthi washona phakathi kweminyaka yobudala). 20 kanye no-25) cishe u-Akhenaten ngokwakhe, njengoba ubufakazi be-Egyptological obuvela ethuneni sekuyisikhathi eside busikisela. Ukweseka lolu hlu lozalo, i-DNA iphinde ilandele umugqa oqondile osuka eTutankhamun ngokusebenzisa umama we-KV 55 uye kubaba ka-Akhenaten u-Amenhotep III. I-DNA ibonisa ukuthi umama we-KV 55 mummy “uyi-Elder Lady” evela ku-KV 35. Lo mama uyindodakazi ka-Yuya no-Tjuya, futhi ngaleyo ndlela uhlonzwe njengendlovukazi enkulu ka-Amenhotep III u-Tiye.
Omunye umphumela obalulekile ovela ekuhlaziyweni kwe-DNA ukuthi “Intokazi Encane” evela ku-KV 35 ikhonjwe kahle njengomama kaTutankhamun. Le phrojekthi ayikakakwazi ukumkhomba ngegama, nakuba izifundo ze-DNA zibonisa ukuthi wayeyindodakazi ka-Amenhotep III noTiye futhi ngaleyo ndlela ungudadewabo ka-Akhenaten ogcwele. Ngakho okuwukuphela kogogo nomkhulu kaTutankhamun kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zikayise nomama, kwakungu-Amenhotep III noTiye.
Izimbungu ezimbili ezazizalwe sezishonile zatholwa zicwiywe izidumbu futhi zafihlwa ekamelweni lethuna likaTutankhamun. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-DNA yokuqala kusekela inkolelo yaseGibhithe yokuthi laba kwakungabantwana benkosi encane. Lokhu kuhlaziya kuphinde kwaphakamisa umama owaziwa ngokuthi i-KV21A, owesifazane wasebukhosini owayengaziwa ngokuphelele, njengomama okungenzeka kakhulu walezi zingane futhi ngaleyo ndlela njengonkosikazi ka-Tutankhamun, u-Ankhsenamun.
Le phrojekthi yafunda izikena ze-CT zomndeni ngokucophelela ukuze zibheke izifo ezizuzwe njengefa, njenge-Marfan syndrome kanye ne-gynecomastia/craniosynostoses syndromes, eziye zathunyelwa ngaphambilini ngokusekelwe ezithombeni zobuciko baseGibhithe. Abukho ubufakazi obutholakala nganoma yisiphi salezi zifo, ngakho-ke imihlangano yobuciko elandelwa umndeni wasebukhosini wenkathi yase-Amarna cishe yayikhethwe ngenxa yezizathu zenkolo nezombusazwe.
Omunye umphumela obalulekile wezifundo ze-DNA kwaba ukutholakala kwezinto ezivela ku-Plasmodium falciparum, i-protozoon ebangela umalaleveva, emzimbeni kaTutankhamun. I-CT scan iphinde yaveza ukuthi inkosi yayinonyawo olukhubazekile, olubangelwa i-avascular bone necrosis. Le phrojekthi ikholelwa ukuthi ukufa kukaTutankhamun cishe kwaba umphumela womalaleveva ohambisana nomthethosisekelo wakhe obuthakathaka ngokuvamile. I-CT scan kafaro phambilini yaqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona ukuphuka okungakapholi ethanjeni lethanga lesobunxele lenkosi; leli thimba liqagula ukuthi isimo esintekenteke senkosi singase siholele ekuweni, noma ukuthi ukuwa kwenza buthaka isimo sayo somzimba ebesivele sintekenteke.
