Indawo Yamagugu Omhlaba ye-UNESCO kanye nokukhanga e-Egypt kusengozini yokulahlekelwa abantu basesigodini abahambisana ne-ambience yendawo yakudala yabavakashi. Abantu basedolobheni kanye nabantu bomdabu abakha isimo sethempeli 'elinye' lasendulo e-Upper Egypt besaba ukufuduka.
Ngenyanga edlule, izakhamuzi zaseNubian seziqalile ukuqoqa amasignesha ukuze zihoxise ukuzethemba kumalungu emikhandlu yasekhaya neyomphakathi avumelene nesinqumo esikhishwe umbusi wase-Aswan. Lesi sinqumo siveze ukuthi siyawenqaba umbono wokuhlalisa kabusha amaNubi eWadi Karkar. Abagqugquzeli balo mkhankaso bafuna ukuthi amadolobhana abo amasha akhelwe kwezinye izindawo ezifanayo nezabo ekuqaleni eduze kweNayile, kusho u-Amirah Aḥmad we-Al-Fajer.
"Iqembu elibizwa ngokuthi u-al-Mubadirun al-Nubyyun noma abaholi baseNubian bahlangane e-Egyptian Center for Housing Rights ukuze badingide ngentuthuko entsha ngemuva kokuthi umbusi wase-Aswan eguqule umbono wakhe ngoWadi Karkar lapho anquma khona ukwenza uhlelo oludala lokucacisa uhlelo olusha. indawo yabafuduki kanye nabafundi abasha. Abaholi bamaNubi bahlasele umbusi futhi bamsola ngokukhohlisa amaNubi ngokuthi uzofeza izimfuno zabo ezihlobene nokukhetha indawo abafuna ukwakha izigodi zabo, ”kwengeza u-Ahmad.
Njengoba ukungqubuzana kuqhubeka nokushuba, amaNubi ame ekulahlekelweni indawo yezokuvakasha uma ehamba.
Ngempela kwakuyiNubia yasendulo eyathola iGibhithe isihlalo esihlala njalo eKomidini Lamagugu Omhlaba le-UNESCO kusukela yahlelwa ngeminyaka yawo-1960 - ngenxa yomkhankaso wokusindisa izikhumbuzo zeNubia. Izikhumbuzo zasendulo zahlengwa yi-UNESCO lapho i-Aswan High Dam eqediwe ikhukhula izindawo zasendulo zasendulo. Amathempeli selokhu ame phezulu endaweni ephephile, ewugwadule eyome kakhudlwana eqhele ngamakhilomitha amaningi ukusuka e-Abu Simbel ukuya e-Aswan. Ukuze agcinwe kangcono, amathempeli angavakashelwa kuphela izikebhe ezincane ezinenjini eyehliswa emikhunjini yezivakashi emiswe ibanga elifushane ukusuka ogwini.
UDkt Ahmad Sokarno ovela kuRose al Yusuf ukuthi lezi zinkinga namaNubi zinomlando omude. “Ngenxa yokuthi abezindaba kazwelonke bazishaya indiva izinkinga zamaNubi kusukela bafuduka ngenkani ngeminyaka yawo-1960, idlanzana lababhali nongqondongqondo baqala ukubhala emaphepheni aphikisayo emzamweni wokudala izingxabano kanye ne-fitnah emphakathini waseGibhithe. Ngo-1994, amanye alawa maphepha afana ne-al-Arabi al-Nasiri, asola izinhlangano zamaNubi namaqembu ngemizamo yawo eqhubekayo nesifiso sokumemezela inkululeko yawo eGibhithe,” kusho uSokarno.
URose al-Yusuf kungenzeka kube ukuphela kwesikhungo esasikhathalela kakhulu ukufuna amalungelo abantu baseNubia ngokuya eNubia futhi bahlangane nabantu baseNubian. Ngo-April 11, 2009, uRose al-Yūsuf washicilela umbiko owavela ekuvakasheni okuhlukene esifundeni nokuhlangana namaNubi avela emikhakheni ehlukene yomphakathi. USokarno wengeze nokho iningi labezindaba livumile ukuthi iNubia iyingxenye engahlukaniseki yaseGibhithe.
Umlobi waseGibhithe waseNubian uHajjaj Adoul, ekhuluma enkulumweni enempikiswano e-DC ukuthi amaNubi ashushiswa abantu abambalwa eGibhithe. Wengeze ngokuthi abantu baseNubi abawajabuleli amalungelo okuba yisakhamuzi eGibhithe futhi abaphathwa ngendlela efanayo neyabanye abantu baseGibhithe, bethi abanalo ithuba lokusebenza ngenxa yebala labo elimnyama.
Khonamanjalo, izakhamuzi zilindele enye intuthuko ngethemba lokuthi zizogcina izinto zasendulo eziseduze.
Amathempeli kanye nezindawo ezikhangayo ezisekela imboni yezokuvakasha zaseNubian zihlanganisa i-Beit El Wali, ithempeli ledwala, elincane kunawo wonke lohlobo lwayo, elinikezelwe eNkosini uRamses II ebusheni bakhe ekhonjiswe njengokukhokha intela kwezinye izilwane zasogwadule nokunikela ngezithombe ku-Amun; I-Kalabsha, ithempeli elikhulu lamaGraeco-Roman elakhiwe ngu-Augustus Caesar ngokuhlonipha unkulunkulu wamaNubian uMandulis, unkulunkulu onekhanda le-falcon njengoHorus: kanye ne-Kertassi, enikezelwe ku-Isis njengoHathor, unkulunkulukazi womculo, ubuhle nothando, oboniswa izici ezifana nenkomo. Ezindaweni zayo ezingemuva, i-Kertassi inamanye amasayithi athakazelisa kakhulu njengomthombo one-Nilometre osetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokukhokhisa intela kanye nama-bas reliefs agcinwe kakhulu kaKhesari avezwe enikela ku-Isis, uHorus noMandulis.
Kudlule iTropic of Cancer amathempeli aseDakka, Meharakka kanye naseWadi El Seboua. Ihlengiwe ingxenye ngayinye, ithempeli i-Dakka likhumbula ukuphakama kwe-Tutmosis II kanye ne-III ngumbumbi walo u-Amenhopis II onyakeni we-18. I-Meharakka (ebizwa nangokuthi i-Wadi Al Laqi noma isifunda esinezimayini zegolide) ihlehlela emuva ku-200 AD futhi yayizinikezele iSerapis. Imifanekiso yodonga ikhombisa u-Isis nomunye ka-Osiris behlahlela umfowabo izingcezu eziyi-14 egameni lamandla. Kuhlonishwa unkulunkulu u-Amon, ithempeli elakhiwe ngamatshe i-Wadi El Seboua elakhiwa u-Ramses II, livula umhubhe wama-sphinxes. Izithombe zikaRamses ezibukeka ngendlela engavamile kuleli thempeli zibonakala zihlonipha uFaro ekufeni kwakhe. Futhi eNubia kukhona iThempeli lase-Amada elakhiwe oFaro abathathu be-Tutmosis 18th Dynasty - endala kunazo zonke eNubia, eyakhiwe ngomhlobiso oyingqayizivele we-polychrome futhi ihanjiswe ngesitimela endaweni yayo yamanje); Derr, ithempeli ledwala elakhiwa uRamses II futhi elinikezelwe kunkulunkulu welanga u-Ra kanye nesici saphezulu soFaro (i-Derr ibhekwa njengesibonelo sika-Abu Simbel); kanye neTomb of Penout, okuwukuphela kwesibonelo esilondoloziwe sethuna le-viceroy yase-Egypt yaseNubian (ingcwele yezingcwele ibonisa izikebhe ezingcwele, inkosi inikela ngesinkwa nokunye ukudla; kodwa-ke, inani elikhulu lodonga liye lantshontshwa abaphangi bamathuna ngokusebenzisa amatshe ukubaza).
Maphakathi nekhulu lesi-6 BC, iMeroe eSudan yaba idolobha elimaphakathi lozalo lwasendulo lwamaKushi amaNubian, 'OFaro Abamnyama', ababebusa eminyakeni engaba ngu-2,500 edlule endaweni kusukela e-Aswan eningizimu yeGibhithe kuze kube yiKhartoum yanamuhla. AmaNubi ngesinye isikhathi ayeyizimbangi kanye nabasekeli baseGibhithe lasendulo futhi amukela imikhuba eminingi yomakhelwane basenyakatho, okuhlanganisa nokungcwaba amalungu omndeni wasebukhosini emathuneni ayiphiramidi.
Namuhla, amaNubi afuna ukuhlala e-Nubia, ehlanganisa okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka, isikhathi eside njengoba efuna ezindaweni zamagugu ze-UNESCO.
