I-FAA kanye ne-NASA babeka isisekelo se-Unmanned Aircraft Systems

The I-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), NASA, kanye nozakwethu ohlelweni lokuhlola olubeka isisekelo se- Izindiza Ezingenamuntu Isistimu yokulawulwa kwethrafikhi ye-Systems (UAS), ibonise ngempumelelo ukuthi isistimu enjalo ingasebenza kanjani ngokuzayo.

Imibukiso, eqhutshwe ezindaweni ezi-3 ezihlukene zokuhlola ezikhethwe yi-FAA yoHlelo Lwe-UAS Traffic Management Pilot Programme (UPP), ibonise ukuthi imisebenzi eminingi, ye-Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) yedrone ingenziwa ngokuphepha ezindaweni eziphakeme eziphansi (ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-400) endaweni yezindiza lapho izinsizakalo zethrafikhi yezindiza ze-FAA zinganikezwanga.

Njengoba isidingo sokusetshenziswa kwe-drone esezingeni eliphansi sikhula, i-FAA, i-NASA kanye nozakwethu be-UPP basebenzisana ukuze benze le misebenzi ngokuphepha nangempumelelo.

NgoJanuwari, i-FAA yakhetha izindawo ezi-3 zokuhlola ze-UPP: i-Mid Atlantic Aviation Partnership (MAAP) e-Virginia Tech, i-Northern Plains UAS Test Site (NPUASTS) e-Grand Forks, North Dakota, kanye ne-Nevada Institute for Autonomous Systems (NIAS) Las Vegas, Nevada.

Umboniso wokuqala, ebandakanya iMid-Atlantic Aviation Partnership (MAAP), yenzeka eVirginia Tech ngoJuni 13.

Ngesikhathi sombukiso, izindiza ezihlukene zalethwa amaphakheji, zacwaninga ngezilwane zasendle, zahlola insimu yommbila futhi zavala icala lasenkantolo le-TV. Ngenxa yokuthi izindiza zaziseduze nesikhumulo sezindiza, zone izinhlelo zendiza zathunyelwa ngomhlinzeki wesevisi futhi bathola imvume yokuqalisa njengoba kwakuhleliwe.

Ngenkathi lezi zindiza ziqhutshwa, indiza enophephela emhlane ephuthumayo yayidinga ukuthutha isisulu sokushayisana kwemoto ngokushesha esibhedlela. Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ufake isicelo se-UAS Volume Reservation (UVR) isexwayiso esisetshenziselwa ukwazisa abaqhubi be-drone abaseduze mayelana nesimo esiphuthumayo.

Ukulethwa kuphinde kwahanjiswa umzila kuze kube yilapho i-UVR iqedwa. Ucwaningo lwezilwane zasendle, inhlolovo yasendle kanye nokutholakala kwenkantolo kwaqhubeka ngokuphepha kude nendlela yendiza enophephela emhlane.

Umsebenzi ngamunye wenziwa ngaphandle kokungqubuzana.

Umboniso wesibili, eyayihilela i-Northern Plains UAS Test Site (NPUASTS), yenzeke eGrand Forks ngoJulayi 10.

Ngesikhathi sombukiso, owenzeke eduze nesikhumulo sezindiza, umthwebuli wezithombe kanye nomsebenzisi we-drone weNgxenye 107 bathatha izithombe zokuqeqeshwa kwabacimimlilo. Umfundi wezokundiza eNyuvesi yaseNyakatho Dakota usebenzise indiza engenazindiza ukuskena indawo ehamba phambili yokulandela umkhondo. Omunye osebenzisa iNgxenye 107, oqashwe enkampanini kagesi, usebenzise indiza engenazindiza ukuze ahlole umonakalo wezintambo zikagesi ngemva komoya onamandla wakamuva.

Abaqhubi ababili beNgxenye 107 bathumele izinhlelo zendiza ngenxa yokuba seduze kwesikhumulo sezindiza, bathola ukugunyazwa okufanele. Phakathi nezindiza zabo, bathola isaziso se-UVR sokuthi indiza enophephela emhlane ye-medevac yayihambisa isiguli esibhedlela sisuka endaweni yokuqeqesha izicishamlilo. Umsebenzisi othatha izithombe zokuqeqeshwa wathola i-drone ngaphambi kokuba isaziso se-UVR siqale ukusebenza. Inhlolovo yezintambo zikagesi kanye nokundiza endaweni ye-tailgate kuqhubekile ebangeni eliphephile.

Umboniso wesithathu, ebandakanya iNevada Institute for Autonomous Systems (NIAS), yenzeka eLas Vegas ngo-Agasti 1.

Phakathi nomboniso, izindiza ezihlukene ze-UAS zenziwe ukuze kuhlolwe inkundla yegalofu ngaphambi komqhudelwano, kutholwe ividiyo yesakhiwo esithengiswayo, nokuskena ichibi eliseduze ukuze kutholwe amathuba okugibela izikebhe.

Bobathathu o-opharetha bafinyelele i-UAS Facility Maps futhi basebenza ne-UAS Service Supplier (USS) ukuze bathole ukugunyazwa okufanele ukuze baqhube izindiza zabo.

Kuqubuke umlilo kwenye yezindawo zokudlala igalofu. Abokuqala bathumele indiza enophephela emhlane ukuthi inqande umlilo. Bathumele isicelo ku-USS sokudala i-UVR. Ulwazi lwe-UVR lwabiwe ne-FAA. I-FAA yabelana ngolwazi nezingosi zomphakathi, yazisa opharetha ngamunye we-UAS ukuthi indiza enophephela emhlane yokucima umlilo isendleleni eya endaweni yabo endizayo.

Ngamunye wabaqhubi be-UAS, baziswe kahle, bakwazile ukuhlala noma ukuqhubeka nemisebenzi yabo ebangeni eliphephile.

I-UPP yasungulwa ngo-April 2017 njengengxenye ebalulekile yokuhlonza isethi yokuqala yemboni namandla e-FAA adingekayo ukuze kusekelwe imisebenzi Yokuphathwa Kwethrafikhi ye-UAS. Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela evela emibukisweni kuzonikeza ukuqonda kwezinga lokutshalwa kwezimali okudingekayo ekusetshenzisweni kombambiqhaza ngamunye.

Imiphumela evela ku-UPP izohlinzeka ngobufakazi bomqondo wamakhono Okuphathwa Kwethrafikhi ye-UAS okwamanje asekucwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni futhi izohlinzeka ngesisekelo sokuphakelwa kokuqala kwamakhono e-UTM.

Ekugcineni, i-FAA izochaza uhlaka lokulawula lwe-UTM abahlinzeki bezinkampani zangaphandle abazosebenza ngaphakathi.