Iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu yokulondolozwa kwemvelo eyingqopha-mlando e-Afrika ephawulwe

I-DAR ES SALAAM (eTN) – I-Tanzania ibungaza kule nyanga ingqopha-mlando yokongiwa kwezilwane zasendle kanye nemvelo ngemva kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka kwasungulwa amapaki amabili ezivakashi adumile e-Afrika, iSerengeti National Park kanye neNgorongoro Conservation Area.

Ngokuhambisana nalezi ziqiwu ezimbili, eziyingqayizivele e-Afrika, abavubukuli bagubha phakathi nale nyanga iminyaka engu-50 kwatholakala ugebhezi lwekhanda lomuntu wokuqala, okukholakala ukuthi indala kakhulu emlandweni wemivubukulo yomhlaba.

Ngaphakathi kwe-Ngorongoro Conservation Area kune-Olduvai Gorge, lapho uDkt. noNkk. Leakey bathola izinsalela ze-Australopithecus boisei ('Zinjanthropus') kanye ne-Homo habilis ezineminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-1.75 eziphakamisa ukuthi uhlobo lwabantu lwaqala ukuvela kule ndawo.

Izindawo ezimbili ezibalulekile ze-paleontological kanye nezakudala emhlabeni, i-Olduvai Gorge kanye nesizinda se-Laetoli Footprint e-Ngarusi zitholakala ngaphakathi kwe-Ngorongoro Conservation Area. Okunye okubalulekile okutholakele kusengatholwa endaweni.

I-Serengeti National Park ngokungangabazeki iyindawo eyaziwa kakhulu yezilwane zasendle emhlabeni, engenakuqhathaniswa ngobuhle bayo bemvelo kanye nenani lesayensi. Njengoba kunezinkonkoni ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili, insephe kaThomson ingxenye yesigidi, kanye nengxenye yesine yesigidi, inezilwane eziningi zamathafa e-Afrika. Inkonkoni kanye nedube ngaphezu kwalokho zakha abalingisi benkanyezi abamangalisayo - ukufuduka kwaminyaka yonke kwe-Serengeti.

Akubona abahambi bodwa manje abathutheleka bezobona izilwane nezinyoni zaseSerengeti. Isibe yisikhungo esibalulekile socwaningo lwesayensi. Ngo-1959, isazi sesayensi yemvelo saseJalimane, uprofesa Bernhard Grzimek, nendodana yakhe, uMichael, benza umsebenzi wokuphayona ekuhloleni izilwane zasendle zasemoyeni. Umphumela wabo waba yingoma yakudala ethengiswa kakhulu ethi “Serengeti Shall Not Die” kanye namafilimu amaningana enza i-Serengeti yaba igama elidumile. Okuningi manje sekuyaziwa mayelana nokuguquguquka kwe-Serengeti kunanoma iyiphi enye i-ecosystem emhlabeni.
Abantu baseMaasai basebeluse imfuyo yabo emathafeni abawabiza “njengethafa elingapheli” iminyaka engaphezu kuka-200. I-Serengeti ithatha indawo engamakhilomitha angu-14,763, inkulu njengeNyakatho ye-Ireland.

Ngokuqwashisa okwandayo kwesidingo sokongiwa kwemvelo, iSerengeti yanwetshwa futhi yathuthukiswa yaba indawo yokulondoloza imvelo ngo-1951. Ngemva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, iNgorongoro Conservation Area yasungulwa eningizimu-mpumalanga njengeyunithi ehlukile, futhi yanikeza la mapaki amabili isimo sawo njengamanje. amapaki ezivakashi ahamba phambili eTanzania nase-Afrika namuhla.

Le ndawo iyindawo yokuqala “kwezimangaliso zomhlaba” ezinkulu ezibizwa ngokuthi “Ukufuduka kwaminyaka yonke kweSerengeti.” Ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi lapho utshani sebukoma futhi buyaphela, izinkonkoni ziqala ukunqwabelana emabuthweni amakhulu.

Namuhla, iSerengeti National Park, iNgorongoro Conservation Area, kanye neMaasai Mara Game Reserve, engasemngceleni waseKenya, zivikela iqoqo elikhulu nelihluke kakhulu lezilwane zasendle ezisemhlabeni kanye nesimiso sokugcina sokufuduka esisesekhona. .

I-Serengeti iyigugu emqhele wezindawo ezivikelekile zaseTanzania, ezakha amaphesenti angaba ngu-14 omhlaba wezwe, irekhodi lokongiwa kwemvelo amanye amazwe ambalwa angakwazi ukulifinyelela.

I-Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) yathathwa eSerengeti National Park ngo-1959 ngemizamo yomthetho. Izizathu eziyinhloko zokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo ezimbili ezivikelwe kwakungenxa yezidingo ezingavumelani phakathi kwezidingo zabantu (ikakhulukazi amaMaasai) kanye nezidingo zemithombo yemvelo. AmaMaasai yibona kuphela abantu abavunyelwe ukuhamba ngokukhululeka endaweni yokongiwa kwemvelo nemihlambi yabo yezinkomo.

Eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke, iNgorongoro iyiNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba eqokwe yiZizwe Ezihlangene kanye ne-International Biosphere Reserve. I-Ngorongoro isekela ukuminyana okuphezulu kwezilwane zasendle unyaka wonke futhi iqukethe inani elibonakala kakhulu lobhejane abamnyama abasele eTanzania. I-NCA inezilwane ezinkulu ezingaphezu kwezi-25,000, ezinye ezingobhejane, izindlovu, izinkonkoni, izimvubu, amadube, izindlulamithi, izinyathi, izinsephe namabhubesi.

Amahlathi asezindaweni eziphakeme akha indawo ebalulekile yokugcina amanzi emiphakathini engomakhelwane yezolimo futhi akha isisekelo samanzi angaphansi kweLake Manyara National Park ohlangothini olusempumalanga.

Uhlelo lokusebenzisa umhlaba kaningi lungolunye lwakuqala olwasungulwa emhlabeni wonke futhi lulingiswa emhlabeni wonke njengendlela yokubuyisana nokuthuthukiswa kwabantu nokongiwa kwemithombo yemvelo.
UProfesa Grzimek, owabhala eminyakeni engu-50 edlule futhi wamemezela ukuthi “iSerengeti Ngeke Ife,” iphumule phakade onqenqemeni lweNgorongoro Crater, ngaphandle kwendodana yakhe uMichael.

Abalondolozi bemvelo ababili baseJalimane abadumile bayakhunjulwa kule nyanga ngeqhaza labo elimangalisayo emlandweni wokongiwa kwezilwane zasendle eTanzania kanye nemikhiqizo emibili umhlaba oziqhenyayo ngokuyibona namuhla—i-Serengeti neNgorongoro.