I-Grand Canyon Jewels: Ihhotela i-El Tovar kanye nesitolo sezipho saseHopi

Ukubambisana kwakhe ne-Atchison, i-Topeka kanye ne-Sante Fe Railway yethula izivakashi eziningi ezintsha eNingizimu-ntshonalanga yaseMelika ngokwenza uhambo lwesitimela nokudla okunethezekile kanye nokuhamba phambili. Isebenzisa abaculi abaningi boMdabu baseMelika, iFred Harvey Company iphinde yaqoqa izibonelo zamabhasikidi endabuko, ubuhlalu, onodoli be-kachina, izitsha zobumba, nezindwangu. UHarvey wayaziwa ngokuthi "i-Civilizer of the West."

Kudala ngaphambi kokuthi iCongress yase-US iqoke i- IGreat Canyon National Park ngo-1919, abavakashi bokuqala beza nge-stagecoach futhi bahlala ubusuku bonke ematendeni, emakhabetheni, noma emahhotela okuhweba asendulo. Kodwa-ke, lapho i-Atchison, i-Topeka kanye ne-Sante Fe Railway ivula i-spur cishe ngqo eNingizimu Rim ye-Grand Canyon, yadala ukushoda kwezindawo zokuhlala ezanele. Ngo-1902, iSante Fe Railway yagunyaza ukwakhiwa kwe-El Tovar, ihhotela lezinga lokuqala elinezitezi ezine elaklanywa umdwebi wamapulani waseChicago uCharles Whittlesey elinamakamelo acishe abe yikhulu. Ihhotela libize u-$250,000 ukwakha futhi laliyihhotela elihle kakhulu entshonalanga yoMfula iMississippi. Yaqanjwa ngokuthi “El Tovar” ukuhlonipha uPedro de Tovar weCoronado Expedition. Naphezu kwezimo zalo ezingavamile, leli hhotela lalinomshini wokuphehla ugesi osebenza ngamalahle osebenza ngamalambu kagesi, ukushisa kwesitimu, amanzi agelezayo ashisayo nabandayo kanye namapayipi angaphakathi endlini. Nokho, njengoba lingekho ikamelo lezihambeli elinendlu yangasese yangasese, izihambeli zazisebenzisa indlu yangasese yomphakathi esitezi ngasinye kwezine.

Ihhotela laliphinde libe nendawo yokutshala izitshalo ezintsha nemifino, indlu yezinkukhu kanye nomhlambi wobisi ukuze kuhlinzekwe ubisi olusha. Ezinye izici zihlanganisa indawo yokugunda izinwele, i-solarium, ingadi engaphezulu kophahla, igumbi lamabhilidi, amagumbi obuciko nomculo kanye nenkonzo yocingo yaseWestern Union endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi.

Ihhotela elisha lakhiwa ngaphambi kokuba iGrand Canyon ibe ipaki kazwelonke evikelekile kulandela ukuvakasha kukaMongameli uTheodore Roosevelt eCanyon ngo-1903. Roosevelt wathi, “Ngifuna ukunicela ukuba nenze into eyodwa ngokuphathelene nakho ngokwenzuzo yenu kanye nentshisekelo yezwe-ukugcina lesi simangaliso semvelo njengoba sinjalo manje... ngethemba ukuthi ngeke nibe nesakhiwo noma yiluphi uhlobo, hhayi indlu yasehlobo, ihhotela nanoma yini enye, ukumosha ubuhle obumangalisayo, ukuzithoba, ubuhle nobuhle beCanyon. Kushiye njengoba kunjalo. Awukwazi ukuthuthuka kukho. ”

Izindawo zokudlela zikaFred Harvey zazakhiwe cishe njalo ngamamayela ayi-100 eduze kwe-Sante Fe Railway edlula eKansas, Colorado, Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico naseCalifornia. Usebenze ezindaweni zakhe zokudlela namahhotela ne-“Harvey Girls”, abesifazane abasebasha abaqashwe kulo lonke elase-US “abanokuziphatha okuhle, okungenani imfundo yebanga lesishiyagalombili, imikhuba emihle, inkulumo ecacile nokubukeka kahle.” Abaningi babo kamuva bashada nabafuyi kanye nama-cowboys futhi baqamba izingane zabo ngokuthi "Fred" noma "Harvey". Usomahlaya uWill Rogers uthe ngoFred Harvey, “Wagcina intshonalanga ekudleni nakumakhosikazi.”

I-El Tovar yafakwa kuRejista Kazwelonke Yezindawo Zomlando ngoSepthemba 6, 1974. Yamenyezelwa njenge-National Historic Landmark ngoMeyi 28, 1987 futhi iyilungu le-Historic Hotels of America kusukela ngo-2012. Ihhotela liphathe izibani ezinjengo-Albert. U-Einstein, uZane Grey, uMongameli uBill Clinton, uPaul McCartney, phakathi kwabanye abaningi.

Isitolo Sezipho Sendlu YaseHopi (1905) sakhiwe ukuze sihlangane nemvelo engumakhelwane futhi samodelwa njengezindawo zokuhlala ze-Hopi pueblo ezazisebenzisa izinto zemvelo zendawo ezifana netshe lesanti kanye nomjunipha ekwakhiweni kwazo. Ngenkathi u-El Tovar ebheke ekuthandeni okuphezulu, i-Hopi House imele intshisekelo evelayo kwezobuciko nemisebenzi yezandla yase-Southwestern Indian ethuthukiswa yi-Fred Harvey Company kanye ne-Sante Fe Railway.

IHopi House yaklanywa umdwebi uMary Jane Elizabeth Colter eqala inhlangano neFred Harvey Company kanye neNational Park Service eyathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40. Yaklanywa futhi yakhiwa njengendawo yokudayisa imisebenzi yobuciko yaseNdiya. Ucele usizo lwabadwebi be-Hopi abavela ezindaweni eziseduze ukuze bamsize ekwakheni lesi sakhiwo. U-Colter wenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ingaphakathi libonisa izitayela zendawo zase-Pueblo. Amafasitela amancane nophahla oluphansi kunciphisa ukukhanya kwelanga ogwadule olunzima futhi kunikeze umuzwa opholile futhi othokomele ngaphakathi. Lesi sakhiwo sihlanganisa izindawo zokungcebeleka zodonga, izindawo zokubasa umlilo ezikhona, izindonga ze-adobe, umdwebo wesihlabathi sama-Hopi kanye ne-altare lemikhosi. Oshimula benziwa ngezimbiza zobumba eziphukile ezipakishwe futhi zihlanganiswe ndawonye.

Lapho lesi sakhiwo sivulwa, isitezi sesibili sasibukisa ngeqoqo lezingubo zokulala ezindala zamaNavajo, ezazizuze umklomelo omkhulu eMbukisweni Womhlaba WaseSt. Louis ka-1904. Lo mbukiso wagcina usuyi-Fred Harvey Fine Arts Collection, ehlanganisa cishe izingcezu ezingu-5,000 zobuciko bomdabu baseMelika. Iqoqo le-Harvey lavakashela i-United States, kuhlanganise nezindawo ezihlonishwayo ezifana ne-Field Museum e-Chicago kanye ne-Carnegie Museum e-Pittsburgh, kanye nezindawo zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-Berlin Museum.

IHopi House, ngaleso sikhathi namanje, ihlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zobuciko nemisebenzi yezandla yoMdabu waseMelika ezithengiswayo: izitsha zobumba nemifanekiso eqoshwe ngokhuni ehlelwe ezintweni zokubala ezihuqwe ngezingubo zokulala namaragi amaNavajo abelukwe ngesandla, obhasikidi abalengiswa emishayweni ehlutshiwe, onodoli be-kachina, imaski yemikhosi, kanye nemidwebo yokhuni ekhanyiswa ukukhanya okugcwele kwamafasitela amancane esakhiwo. Imidwebo yaseHopi ihlobisa izindonga zezitebhisi, futhi izinto zobuciko zenkolo ziyingxenye yegumbi lethempeli.

Inkampani kaFred Harvey yamema izingcweti zamaHopi ukuthi zibonise indlela abenza ngayo ubucwebe, izitsha zobumba, izingubo zokulala, nezinye izinto ezazizothengiswa. Ngokushintshana, bathola amaholo nendawo yokuhlala eHopi House, kodwa abakaze babe nobunikazi beHopi House futhi babengavunyelwe ukudayisela izivakashi izimpahla zabo. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1920, iNkampani kaFred Harvey yaqala ukuvumela amanye amaNdiya angamaHopi ukuba abe nemithwalo yemfanelo ebhizinisini. UPorter Timeche wayeqashelwe ukuzobonisa ukweluka izingubo zokulala kodwa wayekuthanda kakhulu ukuxoxa nezivakashi kangangokuthi wayengavamile ukuqeda ingubo yokulala ukuze adayise, ngaleso sikhathi wanikezwa umsebenzi wokudayisa esitolo sezipho saseHopi House. Kamuva wasebenza njengomthengi wemvume kaFred Harvey eGrand Canyon. U-Fred Kabotie, umdwebi wodumo owapenda i-Hopi Snake Legend mural ngaphakathi kwe-Desert View Watchtower, uphethe isitolo sezipho e-Hopi House maphakathi nawo-1930.

Ngenxa yokuvelela kweHopi House izivakashi eziningi zingase zicabange ukuthi amaHopi ayewukuphela kwesizwe saseGrand Canyon, kodwa lokhu kukude neqiniso. Eqinisweni, namuhla izizwe ezihlukene ezingu-12 ziqashelwa njengezinobudlelwane bamasiko neCanyon, futhi iNational Park Service ibilokhu isebenza ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zamasiko zalawa maqembu futhi.

I-Hopi House yaqokwa njenge-National Historic Landmark ngo-1987. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa okuphelele ngo-1995, abaxhumanisi bakwa-Hopi babambe iqhaza emzamweni wokubuyisela futhi basiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izici zoqobo zezakhiwo noma zomklamo ezishintshiwe. IHopi House kanye ne-Lookout Studio yizakhiwo ezinkulu ezinikelayo eGrand Canyon Village National Historic Landmark District.

Isithombe sika-STANLEY

UStanley Turkel waqokwa njengo-2020 Historian of the Year yi-Historic Hotels of America, uhlelo olusemthethweni lweNational Trust for Historic Preservation, abebizwa ngalo phambilini ngo-2015 nango-2014. UTurkel ungumeluleki wamahhotela osakazwa kakhulu e-United States. Usebenzisa umkhuba wakhe wokubonisana nehhotela osebenza njengofakazi oyingcweti ezimweni ezihlobene namahhotela, enikeza ukuphathwa kwempahla nokubonisana ngamahhotela okuhweba ngezimali. Uqinisekiswe njenge-Master Hotel Supplier Emeritus yi-Educational Institute ye-American Hotel and Lodging Association. [i-imeyili ivikelwe] 917-628-8549

Incwadi yakhe entsha ethi "Great American Hotel Architects Volume 2" isanda kushicilelwa.

Ezinye Izincwadi Ezishicilelwe Zehhotela:

• Amahhotela Amakhulu AseMelika: Amaphayona Omkhakha Wehhotela (2009)

• Yakhelwe Ukugcina: Amahhotela Aneminyaka Engu-100 + eNew York (2011)

Yakhelwe Ukugcina: Amahhotela Aneminyaka Engu-100 + Aneminyaka Emidala Empumalanga YeMississippi (2013)

• Ihhotela Mavens: uLucius M. Boomer, uGeorge C. Boldt, u-Oscar waseWaldorf (2014)

• IGreat American Hoteliers Volume 2: Amaphayona Emboni Yehhotela (2016)

• Yakhelwe Ukugcina: Amahhotela Aneminyaka Engu-100 + Aneminyaka Emidala ENtshonalanga yeMississippi (2017)

• I-Hotel Mavens Volume 2: UHenry Morrison Flagler, uHenry Bradley Plant, uCarl Graham Fisher (2018)

• Abakhi Bamahhotela Abakhulu baseMelika uMqulu I (2019)

• Ihhotela Mavens: IVolumu 3: UBob noLarry Tisch, uRalph Hitz, uCesar Ritz, uCret Strand

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