I-TAIPEI - Amazwi aqine kakhulu umfundi wasekolishi waseShayina u-Chen Jiawei awatholile njengoba evakashele e-Taiwan okokuqala ngqa ngesonto eledlule kwakuyikhwalithi engenasici yezindawo ezithile ezinhle.
“Amanzi ezindaweni ezisogwini aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ihlukile kweyaseChina,” kusho uChen, 21, wasesifundazweni saseGuangdong.
U-Chen wayengomunye wezivakashi ezingu-762 ezafika ngoJulayi 4 ngezindiza zokuqala eziqondile phakathi kwezwe laseChina neTaiwan kusukela izinhlangothi zombili zahlukana ekupheleni kwempi yombango ngo-1949. Phakathi nohambo lwakhe lwezinsuku ezingu-10, wathi akatholanga nje ubuhle bemvelo, kodwa indlela yokuphila ayengayilindele eTaiwan.
“Lapha, abakhi izinto eziningi ezenziwe abantu endaweni yemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, [aba]gawuli izihlahla, bathuthukise umhlaba futhi bakhe indlu yezisebenzi zamahlathi, njengoba sibona ezweni elikhulu. Ezweni elikhulu babetshala izihlahla emapaki bese befaka izilwane kuzo,” kusho uChen.
Ngenkathi uhulumeni wase-Taiwan egxile ezinzuzweni zezomnotho zezindiza ezijwayelekile ezivela e-China kanye nezivakashi zase-China ezingaba ngu-3,000 noma ngaphezulu azozilethela usuku ngalunye, abanye abahlaziyi banomuzwa wokuthi kungase kube nemiphumela ebaluleke kakhulu.
"Umthelela omkhulu usekuhwebeni kwamasiko," kusho uKou Chien-wen, usosayensi wezepolitiki kanye nochwepheshe bezobudlelwane obunqamulanayo eNyuvesi yase-Chengchi yaseTaipei.
Ukuvakasha okufana nokwaChen kungokokuqala ngqa ukuthi inani elikhulu lamaShayina ajwayelekile likwazi ukuvakashela eTaiwan. Ngokusobala isipiliyoni abantu baseShayina abangasoze basithola ezincwadini zokufunda namamuvi, ingasaphathwa eyemithombo yezindaba elawulwa uhulumeni.
Nakuba lezi zinhlangothi zombili zihlukaniswe kuphela yi-Taiwan Strait engamakhilomitha angu-160 ububanzi, azikaze zisayine isivumelwano sokuthula kusukela kwaphela impi yombango ngo-1949 nama-Nationalists - iqembu lanamuhla iKuomintang (KMT) - ebalekela eTaiwan ngemva kokuba amakhomanisi ethathe izintambo. izwekazi. Kuze kube umhlaka-4 Julayi, izindiza eziqondile bezivunyelwe kuphela ngamaholide amakhulu ambalwa unyaka ngamunye, futhi cishe ngokukhethekileyo kosomabhizinisi baseTaiwan nemindeni yabo ehlala ezweni elikhulu.
Bangu-300,000 kuphela abantu baseShayina abavakashela eTaiwan minyaka yonke, ikakhulukazi ohambweni lwebhizinisi. Abahambi kwakudingeka badlule endaweni yesithathu - ngokuvamile i-Hong Kong noma i-Macau - okwenza uhambo ludle isikhathi futhi lubize. Esikhathini esidlule, ukundiza ukusuka e-Taipei kuya e-Beijing kuthathe usuku lonke.
Manje, njengoba kunezindiza eziqondile ezingama-36 phakathi kwamadolobha ezinhlangothini zombili, kanye nezikhathi zendiza eziba yimizuzu engama-30, amaShayina amaningi asethwe ngokusobala ukuthi afike.
Futhi ithini imibono yabo ngeTaiwan ngale kokulawulwa yiBeijing? Nakuba i-China ivuleke ngezindlela eziningi, iziteshi ze-TV zaseTaiwan zisavinjelwe - ngisho nasezindaweni ezifana nedolobha eliseduze lase-Xiamen esifundazweni saseFujian. Ezinye izinhlelo zase-Taiwan zivunyelwe ukuthi zisakazwe emahhotela nasezindlini ezisezingeni eliphezulu e-China, kodwa izikhathi eziningi ezokuzijabulisa ezipholile noma imidlalo ewuchungechunge - futhi zonke zihlolwa ngama-censor kusengaphambili.
“Manje sekunesiteshi esisha sokuthi amaShayina aqonde iTaiwan,” kusho uKou. “Ngokuqinisekile, izivakashi zaseChina zizoqhathanisa ukuphila kwaseTaiwan nalokho kwaseChina.”
Ngokungafani ne-Europe noma i-Southeast Asia, lapho abantu abaningi basemadolobheni abasezingeni eliphakathi njengo-Chen bevakashele khona, izivakashi zaseShayina zingakwazi ukuxhumana kalula nabantu bendawo e-Taiwan. Futhi njengoba abantu abaningi nhlangothi zombili bengamaShayina angamaHan, kungase kube nzima kwabanye ukuthi bangazibuza ukuthi kungani izinto zingendlela eyodwa eTaiwan, nendlela ehluke kakhulu eChina.
“Yize amadolobha abo emancane futhi nemigwaqo yawo imincane, asikho isiminyaminya,” kusho uChen. Lapho ibhasi lethu labavakashi lidlula emadolobheni abo, sasibona amadolobha abo ehleleke kakhulu.”
Ngokomqondisi wezivakashi u-Chin Wen-yi, abavakashi abasha baseShayina babenesithakazelo esikhulu ekwehlukeni kwezindlela zokuphila. Lapho amaloli kadoti edlula amaqembu ezivakashi, ezinye zezivakashi zaseChina zabuza ukuthi kungani amaloli anezindawo eziningi kangaka ezihlukene, into engabonakali ezweni.
“Sabachazela ukuthi yingoba eTaiwan sinomgomo wokugaywa kabusha kwezinto futhi sidinga izakhamuzi ukuthi zihlukanise udoti wazo, zibe nomkhakha wokudla kwasekhishini,” kusho uChin.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu baseTaiwan bathola amazwibela eShayina ngokuthutheleka kwezivakashi zasezweni elikhulu.
“Empeleni bagqoka ngendlela yesimanje, abahlukile nezethu. Babukeka njengathi, abafani neze nabantu basemaphandleni,” kusho uWang Ruo-mei, ongowokuzalwa eTaipei ongabazi abanye abantu basemaphandleni ngaphandle kukayise ongasekho, owathuthela eTaiwan ngemva kwempi.
Iqiniso lokuthi abavakashi baseShayina abagqoke kahle, abaziphatha kahle nabasebenzisa imali enkulu bangathuthukisa imibono yaseTaiwan ngeChina alilahleki kuhulumeni waseShayina. Abahlaziyi bakholelwa ukuthi iBeijing inethemba lokuthi ukwethembela okwengeziwe kwezomnotho kweTaiwan eChina kuzokwenza lesi siqhingi sibe mancane amathuba okuthi simemezele inkululeko - okuyisenzo iBeijing esabisa ngokusiphendula ngempi.
“I-China ayikwazi ukulawula imithombo yezindaba yaseTaiwan, ngakho ayikwazi ukulawula imibono yabantu baseTaiwan ngeChina. Kepha uma izivakashi zaseChina ziza eTaiwan, okungenani iChina ingakhombisa uhlangothi lwayo oluhle,” kusho uKou waseChengchi University.
Eqinisweni, ukuze kuqinisekwe ukuthi kuvela umbono omuhle okokuqala, kuhlolwe igagasi lokuqala labavakashi, kusho uDarren Lin, umqondisi ongumsunguli weTaipei Tour Guide Association kanye nesekela lomphathi wenkampani yezokuvakasha ephatha lolu hambo.
Ngokusho kukaLin, iningi lezivakashi eziqondiswa inkampani yakhe bekuyizisebenzi zikahulumeni, amakhasimende aphindayo noma amalungu omndeni nabangane babasebenzi bezinhlangano zezokuvakasha zaseChina.
“Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bekungelula ukuthola abantu abaningi kangaka abebethembekile ngesikhathi esifushane,” kusho uLin. “Iqembu lokuqala lithathwa njengelibaluleke kakhulu izinhlangothi zombili ze-strait. Bebesaba ukuthi abantu bayabaleka bayozama ukuhlala eTaiwan.”
Abathathe umhlalaphansi bakha isibalo esikhulu sezivakashi ezingama-700, futhi ngamunye kwakudingeka ukuthi abe nenani elithile lokonga kuma-akhawunti abo asebhange, kusho uLin nabanye.
Ungakhulumi, ungatsheli
Kokubili abavakashi nabaqondisi babamukela isimo sengqondo “sokungabuzi, ukungatsheli” endabeni yenkululeko yase-Taiwan.
Izindawo ezizwelayo, okuhlanganisa i-Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall kanye ne-Presidential Palace nazo zigwenyiwe. UChiang wayekade eyisitha esikhulu samaKhomanisi, futhi iChina ayiboni umongameli waseTaiwan ngoba ithatha lesi siqhingi njengesinye sezifundazwe zayo, hhayi isizwe.
Kuze kube manje, imibono izivakashi zaseChina ezishiye kubantu baseTaiwan ibe mihle. Naphezu kokukhathazeka okuthile ekuqaleni babekhafula, noma babheme ezindaweni ezingabhemi, iningi lalibonisa imikhuba emihle. Bonke belulekwa ngemithetho yaseTaiwan ngokushesha nje lapho behla endizeni.
Iziteshi zethelevishini zabonisa izivakashi ezimamathekayo zincoma isobho lenkomo yenkomo elithandwayo laseTaiwan, kanye nokuthenga, futhi zithwele imithwalo egcwele izinto ezisanda kuthengwa.
Izikhulu zemboni yezokuvakasha zilindele ukuthi isibalo sabavakashi baseChina sifinyelele esigidini esi-1 ngonyaka, esikhulu kakhulu kunesi-300,000 samanje, futhi izivakashi kulindeleke ukuthi zisebenzise izigidigidi zamaRandi aseMelika eTaiwan unyaka ngamunye.
Iqembu lokuqala elihambe kule mpelasonto edlule lisebenzise u-US$1.3 million ukuthenga izinto eziyisikhumbuzo nezinto zikanokusho, ngokusho kwe-United Daily News. Uhulumeni waseTaiwan kanye nemboni yezokuvakasha yethemba ukuthi izivakashi zaseChina zizonikeza umnotho ontengayo walesi siqhingi ukukhuphuka okudingeka kakhulu.
“Sithemba ukuthi labo abanemali nesikhathi bazolokhu beza,” kusho uLin.
Iningi labaqondisi bezivakashi abangu-13,000 e-Taiwan bake bahola ukuvakasha kwezivakashi zase-Japan, kodwa manje u-25%, izilinganiso zika-Lin, zizogxila kubavakashi bamazwe ngamazwe. “Kuzodingeka babuyekeze izincazelo zabo zokuvakasha futhi bagxile kancane ethonyeni lamaJapane eTaiwan, ngoba lokho kungase kucasule abantu basemaphandleni,” kusho uLin.
Noma kunjalo, akubona bonke abantu baseTaiwan ababekulungele ukwethula umata wokwamukela izivakashi zasezweni elikhulu.
Umnikazi wendawo yokudlela eningizimu yeKaohsiung City yaseTaiwan ulengise uphawu ngaphandle kwendawo yokudlela ekhombisa ukuthi izivakashi zaseChina azamukelekile. Futhi esinye isiteshi se-TV sabonisa inkampani yezokuvakasha yase-Tainan ikhala ngokuthi izivakashi zaseShayina zizothusa abavakashi baseJapane abacwengisiswe kakhulu.
Abanye abantu baseTaiwan baphinde baphikisa ukuthi amabhizinisi aguqule izimpawu noma imibhalo yawo njengamamenyu asuka kuzinhlamvu zesiShayina ezivamile, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu e-Taiwan, zibe izinhlamvu ezenziwe lula, ezisetshenziswa e-China.
“Angicabangi ukuthi kufanele siguqule isiko lethu nobuwena ngenxa yemali,” kusho uYang Wei-shiu, isakhamuzi saseKeelung.
Kodwa abahlaziyi bathi lokhu kumane kuyizihibe zokuqala. Njengoba izinhlangothi zombili zithola izinzuzo zezomnotho, abantu abaningi bazoza ukuzosekela ukuxhumana okuseduze, basho. Futhi ukuqonda okwandayo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungathinta ubudlelwane bezepolitiki bezifunda ezimbili.
"Kwezombangazwe, kungakhulisa ukwethembana uma inqubo iqhubeka," kusho u-Andrew Yang, uchwepheshe wobudlelwano obuhlukahlukene eMkhandlwini WaseChina Wezifundo Ezithuthukisiwe Zenqubomgomo eTaipei.
Ukuqiniseka, abavakashi baseShayina baphinde baqaphela izinto abangazithandi ngeTaiwan.
U-Chen uthe izindaba zokunyamalala kwezivakashi ezintathu zaseShayina - ebezingeyona ingxenye yamaqembu aqhamuka ezindizeni eziqondile - zihluke phakathi kwabezindaba abavela ekamu laseTaiwan eliluhlaza, elivuleleke kakhulu ebudlelwaneni obuseduze neChina, kanye nekamu layo eliluhlaza. wacindezela ukuzimela kweTaiwan.
Abezindaba be-pro-blue bagcizelele ukuthi laba abathathu bebengezona izivakashi ezivela ezindizeni eziqondile, kanti abezindaba abaluhlaza bawubukela phansi lowo mehluko, kusho uChen.
“Abezindaba lapha bahlezi belwisana nemibono yomunye nomunye futhi imibiko yabo iveza umbono wabo,” kusho uChen, ovumile ukuthi yena nezinye izivakashi bathanda ukufunda amaphephandaba endawo ohambweni lwabo.
Nakuba abahlaziyi bekholelwa ukuthi sekuseduze kakhulu ukusho ukuthi ukwanda kokuxhumana kuzoba nomthelela ebudlelwaneni bezepolitiki phakathi kwalezi zinhlangothi zombili, sekuqalile inkathi entsha yobudlelwano phakathi kweChina neTaiwan.
“Okungenani bazoqhathanisa ukuthi kungani iTaiwan inje, neChina injalo. Okunye okuhlukile kuzobe kuhlobene nezinhlelo ezahlukene zezepolitiki,” kusho uKou.
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