Izingxoxo zesimo sezulu ze-COP28 zeqe isikhathi ezibekelwe zona ngoLwesibili njengoba amazwe ebambe iqhaza emizamweni yokuvala ukuhlukana okukhulu kwamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nokusingathwa kwamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi emqulwini wokugcina wale ngqungquthela. Umphumela wale ngqungquthela uzodlulisa umyalezo oqinile kubatshalizimali bomhlaba kanye nezimakethe mayelana nokuzimisela kohulumeni ukuqeda ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela noma ukugcina isikhundla sawo esikhathini esizayo.
Amazwe amaningi asigxekile isivumelwano sokuqala esisalungiswa esikhishwe ngoMsombuluko ngokwehluleka kwaso ukugqugquzela ukuthi kuqedwe ukukhishwa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi, ososayensi abahlonza njengengxenye enkulu ekukhiqizweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kanye nokufudumala komhlaba. Naphezu kokusekelwa kwamazwe angaphezu kwekhulu, kuhlanganise ne-United States, i-EU, nezizwe eziqhingini ezincane, le mizamo yabhekana nokuphikiswa okuqinile okuvela kumalungu eqembu elikhiqiza uwoyela i-OPEC nabasekeli balo.
ISaudi Arabia iyaphikisa
ISaudi Arabia ibilokhu iphikisana nokufakwa kolimi lwe-anti-fossil ezingxoxweni ze-COP28, ngokusho kwabaxoxisana nezibukeli. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amanye amalungu e-OPEC kanye ne-OPEC+, njenge-Iran, Iraq, ne-Russia, nawo abonise ukumelana nesivumelwano esihlose ukuqeda uphethiloli.
Iningi labahlanganyeli, okuhlanganisa i-Australia, iCanada, iChile, iNorway, i-European Union, kanye ne-United States, phakathi kweqembu elinamandla ayi-100 elikhuthaza ukuzibophezela okuqinile ekuhlukaneni namalahle, uwoyela negesi, bagxeke uhlaka lwangoMsombuluko ngokunganele. qina.
Cishe u-80% wamandla omhlaba asakhiqizwa uwoyela, igesi, namalahle, naphezu kokwenyuka okukhulu kwamandla avuselelekayo ezikhathini zamuva nje.
Africa
Amazwe athile ase-Afrika aphikelela ngokuthi noma yisiphi isivumelwano kufanele sibeke ukuthi amazwe acebile, anomlando wokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wezinto ezimbiwa phansi, ahole ekuyekeni ukusetshenziswa kwawo. Isikhundla seShayina, ebambe iqhaza elikhulu kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa emhlabeni wonke, kuhlaka lokuqala lusangaqiniseki. U-Xie Zhenhua, ummeleli wase-China onolwazi mayelana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, uvume intuthuko ezingxoxweni kodwa wazwakalisa ukungaqiniseki mayelana nokwenzeka kokufinyelela isivumelwano.
I-Small Island Nations Death Warrant
Abamele izizwe eziqhingini ezincane bazwakalise ukwenqaba kwabo ukugunyaza noma yisiphi isivumelwano esingasebenza njengencwadi egunyaza ukufa emazweni athinteke kakhulu ngokwanda kwamazinga olwandle.
“Kusukela ezingqungqutheleni zasebusuku kuze kube yimihlangano yasekuseni namalungu e-High Ambition Coalition, ngisebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuxazulula izinkinga esibhekene nazo. Amazwe kumele ahlangane ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi i-COP28 iyimpumelelo. ICanada imatasa kule mpi yekusasa lethu.”
– UMhlonishwa uSteven Guilbeault, uNgqongqoshe wezeMvelo nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu
Bukela amavidiyo
I "Asinaso Isikhathi” inhlangano ihlinzeke ngevidiyo yazo zonke izinsuku zengxoxo esanda kuphothulwa ye-COP28 e-Dubai, e-UAE:
Impendulo yabahlanganyeli ku-CO28 Summit
Isithunywa esisodwa kwezine ze-Cop28 senza ingcebo ngezimboni ezingcolisa umoya futhi sifisa ukuvikela ubugovu bazo.
Inxusa Likamongameli Elikhethekile LaseMelika Lesimo Sezulu uJohn Kerry: “Inqubo yokubonisana njengoba kufanele. Abantu balalele ngokucophelela futhi kuningi ukuthembela okuhle etafuleni njengamanje kwabantu abazama ukuthuthela endaweni engcono”
Ithimba elivela eMnyangweni Wezokuvakasha waseGreece, eliholwa nguNobhala Jikelele Wenqubomgomo Nentuthuko Yezokuvakasha u-Myron Flouris kanye noMqondisi-Jikelele Wenqubomgomo Yezokuvakasha u-Panagiota Dionysopoulou, libe nezingxoxo emcimbini okhethekile phakathi ne-COP28 wokuxoxa ngezinhlelo zomnyango ezigxile ekusheshiseni isenzo sezulu. Lezi zinhlelo zihlanganisa ukusungulwa kweNational Observatory for Sustainable Tourism kanye ne-Mediterranean Coastal and Maritime Tourism Observatory yokuqala.
UNWTO Umqondisi wase-Europe u-Alessandra Priante uzwakalise ukusekela izinhlelo zaseGreece zokudala indawo yokubuka, egcizelela ukubaluleka kokubeka kanye nokuzuza okuhloswe ukusimama.
Phakathi ne-COP28, u-Flouris uhlele ingxoxo yesigungu esidingida imizamo yokubambisana edingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe izinjongo zokusimama kwezokuvakasha zasogwini nezasolwandle, kuyilapho u-Dionysopoulou edidiyela ingxoxo yephaneli ehlukile ngomthelela wokuqoqwa kolwazi ekuthathweni kwezinqumo okunolwazi kwezomnotho, umphakathi, kanye nemvelo. .
Iphaneli yakhiwe abahlanganyeli bezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-Turismo de Portugal, uMnyango Wezokuvakasha waseCyprus, i-CLIA (Cruise Lines International Association), i-Croatia Institute for Tourism, i-Union for the Mediterranean, kanye ne-Hellenic Centre for Marine Research.
Isiphakamiso sokusungulwa kwendawo yokubuka kuzwelonke senziwa okokuqala ngo-2013, kwase kuba ngo-2020, futhi kulo nyaka nguNgqongqoshe Wezokuvakasha waseGreece u-Olga Kefalogianni ngesikhathi kuvotelwa iPhalamende ngomthetho omusha wezokuvakasha. Abenzi bomthetho baseGreece bagunyaze umthethosivivinywa osalungiswa onesihloko esithi Izihlinzekelo Zokuqinisa Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezokuvakasha Okusimeme ngevoti leningi, eligxile ekuzinzeni, ekufinyeleleni, ekungezeni inani, kanye nokusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kokugeleza kwezokuvakasha.
Ingabe i-COP28 yenze inqubekelaphambili enganele kwezokuvakasha?
Ngemuva kwesidingo esiphuthumayo samasu okusebenza kwesimo sezulu, iTürkiye isungule uhlelo lukazwelonke lwezokuvakasha oluzinzile ngokubambisana ne-GSTC ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo yokuhlala.
Ithimba elivela kuMnyango Wezomasipala Nezokuvakasha we-#KRG (Kurdistan) lihambele iseshini yama-28 yeNgqungquthela Yezinhlangano Ezihlangene Zokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu ye-UN e-UAE (COP28) futhi yethula kuphaneli amaphrojekthi neziphakamiso ezimbalwa ze-KRG. Uhulumeni Wesifunda saseKurdistan
Isithunywa Sesimo Sezulu sikaJoe Biden kwakunguJohn Kerry. UseDubai engqungqutheleni yesimo sezulu ye-COP28 futhi indlela ayithandayo yokuhamba indiza yangasese. Uxwayise iBrithani neJalimane ukuthi bangabuyeli “ebhizinisini njengenjwayelo” ngezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi futhi bagcine Izivumelwano zaseParis.
Izintaba zibalulekile ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi zisekela izigidi zendlela yokuziphilisa. Kodwa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kunemithelela eshaqisayo, njengoba izinguzunga zeqhwa ziyanyamalala futhi ukumbozwa kweqhwa kuphansi kakhulu emashumini eminyaka. I-16th Focal Point Forum, eyabanjwa ngesikhathi se-COP28, yagqamisa ukuthi izikhala zolwazi zithiya imizamo yokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintabeni nasezindaweni eziphakeme.
Ababambiqhaza baveze izindawo ezibalulekile zokubambisana ngaphansi kohlelo Lomsebenzi lwaseNairobi ngonyaka ozayo: Ukwabelana ngolwazi olusekelwe ebufakazini, izixazululo ezilungiselelwe, ukubambisana kwamasu, nokusekelwa kwezezimali.
Iwashi lihambisana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukuze sigweme imithelela yayo emibi kakhulu, sidinga ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya ngo-43% ngo-2030. Kodwa izinhlelo zamanje zikazwelonke ziyasilela, kunalokho ziveza ukwenyuka ngo-9%.
Amazwe asathuthuka, ngokuvamile antula izinsiza zokushintsha ikhabhoni ephansi, anganikela kanjani? I-athikili yesi-6 yeSivumelwano saseParis iphethe ukhiye. Kwenza ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ukubhekana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu futhi kuvulele ukusekelwa ngezimali emazweni asathuthuka.
Ku-COP28, abaxoxisanayo bagxile ekucwengisiseni amathuluzi e-Article 6 ukuze bakhe imakethe yekhabhoni yomhlaba wonke enamandla nesobala, kusheshiswe ukuncishiswa kokungcola, kanye nokweseka amazwe asathuthukayo ekwakheni ukumelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ukuze kusekelwe isiphetho sokubalwa kwesitoko sokuqala emhlabeni wonke ku-COP28, Ompetha Bezinga Eliphezulu kanye Nobambiswano lwaseMarrakech bakhiphe umbiko obizwa ngokuthi 'Izixazululo Zesimo Sezulu Zango-2030: Imephu Yokuqaliswa Kwesimo Sezulu.' Lo mbiko uqukethe iqoqo lezisombululo, ezinemininingwane evela enhlobonhlobo yababambe iqhaza abangewona amaqembu mayelana nezinyathelo okudingeka zikhuliswe futhi ziphindaphindwe ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwegesi ngohhafu, kubhekwane nezikhala zokuzivumelanisa nezimo, futhi kwandiswe amandla okukhuthazela kwabantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine ngo-4.
Njengoba i-COP28 ingena esigabeni sokugcina, namaQembu asebenza ubusuku nemini ukuthola into efanayo ngezinqumo nemiphumela, uMongameli we-COP ubelokhu ehlangana nawo wonke amazwe ngendlela ebizwa ngokuthi 'Majlis.'
I-Majlis - igama lesi-Arabhu elisetshenziselwa ukusho umkhandlu noma umhlangano okhethekile, ngokuvamile ohlanganisa umphakathi wabadala - ibanjelwe e-COP28 endaweni evulekile emazingeni oNgqongqoshe kanye neNhloko Yezithunywa. Umgomo uwukuhlanganisa zonke izinqumo nemiphumela ehlukene ukuze uthole ibhalansi efanele. I-Majlis iqale izolo ukugqugquzela izingxoxo "zenhliziyo nenhliziyo", ngokusho kukaMongameli we-COP.
Njengoba i-COP28 ingena ekhaya, uNobhala Omkhulu we-UN Climate Change wenze isikhalo esiphuthumayo namhlanje ekuseni, ecela abaxoxisana nabo ukuthi balethe umphumela “wokulangazelela okukhulu”.
"Nginxusa abaxoxisana nabo ukuthi benqabe ukukhuphuka," esho. "Isinyathelo ngasinye sokubuya esifisweni esiphezulu sizobiza izigidi zabantu, hhayi emjikelezweni olandelayo wezepolitiki noma wezomnotho, ukuze abaholi bakusasa babhekane nawo, kodwa njengamanje, kuwo wonke amazwe."
Asinawo umzuzu owodwa wokulahlekelwa kulesi sakhiwo esibalulekile sasekhaya, futhi akekho noyedwa wethu oke walala kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngizosho kafushane ngendlela emangalisayo emazwini ami.
Abaxoxisanayo banethuba, khona lapha e-Dubai emahoreni angama-24 alandelayo, lokuqala isahluko esisha - esilethela abantu neplanethi.
Isifiso esiphezulu sesimo sezulu sisho ukwanda kwemisebenzi, umnotho onamandla, ukukhula komnotho okuqinile, ukuncipha kokungcoliswa kwemvelo, kanye nempilo engcono. Ukuqina okwengeziwe, ukuvikela abantu kuwo wonke amazwe ezimpisini zesimo sezulu eminyango yethu.
Amandla avikelekile, athengekayo, aphephile kubo bonke, ngokusebenzisa uguquko lwamandla avuselelekayo olungashiyi izwe noma umphakathi ngemuva, esikhundleni salokho okushiya ngemuva ukuthembela kwethu emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi. Futhi njengoba ngike ngasho kaningi, ezezimali kumele kube yisizinda sokukhuphula ukusebenza kwesimo sezulu kuyo yonke imikhakha.
Ake ngikuqinisekise - ngokombono wethu ku-UN Climate Change - amazinga aphezulu okufisa angenzeka kukho kokubili.
I-Global Stocktake idinga ukusiza wonke amazwe ukuthi aphume kulolu bishi. Noma yimaphi amabhomu agqitshwayo aphumisela eyodwa, aqhumise wonke umuntu.
Umhlaba uyabuka, njengoba kunjalo namalungu angama-4000 wemithombo yezindaba yomhlaba wonke, kanye nezinkulungwane zezibukeli lapha eDubai. Akukho lapho ungacasha khona.
Into eyodwa eqinisekile: 'Ngiyawina - ulahlekelwe' iresiphi yokwehluleka ngokubambisana. Ekugcineni ukuphepha kwabantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-8 kusengcupheni.
Isayensi iwumgogodla weSivumelwano saseParis, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngezinjongo zokushisa zomhlaba kanye nomkhawulo weplanethi ongu-1.5. Leso sikhungo kumele sibambe.
Ngeminyaka engama-75 yeSimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Abantu, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi inkinga yesimo sezulu akuyona nje inkinga yemvelo, kodwa futhi iyinkinga yamalungelo abantu.
Amazinga okushisa akhuphukayo, izehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, nokukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle kusongela wona kanye amalungelo asekela isithunzi nenhlalakahle yethu. Amalungelo okudla, amanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle, izindlu ezanele, impilo, intuthuko, kanye nempilo uqobo asengozini.
U-Anu Chaudhary, Uzakwethu kanye neNhloko Yomhlaba Wonke, i-ESG Practice, i-Uniqus Consultech ithe
“Usuku lokugcina lwetimu ku-COP28 namuhla lugxile “Ekudleni, Ezolimo, Namanzi”. Ayikho enye iNgqungquthela ye-COP emlandweni eye yabeka lokhu ngaphansi kwesithwebuli ngaphambili: ngenxa yalokho, amazwe angu-152 manje asayine 'Isimemezelo se-UAE Sezinhlelo Zokudla, Ezolimo, kanye Nesenzo Sesimo Sezulu'. Lokhu kusho ukuthi sihlangene singafinyelela kubantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5.9, abalimi abayizigidi ezingu-518, amaphesenti angu-73 akho konke ukudla esikudlayo, kanye namaphesenti angama-78 esisi esingcolisa umoya esiphuma emkhakheni wokudla nezolimo.
Ukufeza noma yini ephusile, ohulumeni kufanele basebenzele ukuzibophezela kwabo ekuyiseni abalimi ubuhlakani obusha nobuchwepheshe. I-Dairy Methane Alliance eyamenyezelwa ku-COP28 yizinkampani eziyisithupha ezinkulu zokudla emhlabeni wonke iwubufakazi beqhaza umkhakha ozimele ozocelwa ukuba ulibambe.
Ngethemba ukuthi uma umhlaba usuphinde wahlangana e-COP29 ngonyaka ozayo, sizoba namacala okusebenzisa ngempumelelo okuthola ukusebenza kwesimo sezulu kulo mkhakha obaluleke kakhulu. "
Isenzo sezulu esisekelwe emalungelweni sibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zonke izinqubomgomo nezinqumo zesimo sezulu zaziswa futhi zihambisana nezimiso zamalungelo abantu.
Umphakathi, Abantu boMdabu, kanye nentsha, phakathi kokunye, bazibandakanye ezenzweni zokukhulumela ngesikhathi se-COP28 ngezicelo zokuthi izifiso zesimo sezulu nezinyathelo zisekelwe ekuhlonipheni amalungelo abantu.
Imvelo, umhlaba, nolwandle kunikeza ukudla namanzi futhi kusekele zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Baphinde badlale indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni isimo sezulu.
Uchungechunge lwemicimbi eseceleni eholwa yintsha, imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi, nezikhathi zokuxoxisana eziqondiswe ngqo entsheni zenzeka ngesikhathi se-COP28.
Izindawo zasemadolobheni zineqhaza elikhulu ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu, okubalelwa ku-71-76% we-CO2 ekhishwayo ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla kokugcina emhlabeni jikelele. Futhi ngo-2050, kungase kube namakhilomitha abagibeli abaphindwe kathathu noma kane kunangonyaka ka-2000. (UN-Habitat)
NgoSuku Lokuthuthela Emadolobheni Nokuthutha e-COP28, kugxilwe ezisombululweni ezisimeme zamadolobha anempilo, anempilo kakhudlwana, nanokungcoliswa kancane kwawo wonke umuntu.
Abantu Bomdabu badlala indima enkulu ekutholeni izixazululo zesimo sezulu. Bebhekene nezinselele zokuzivumelanisa nezimo emakhulwini eminyaka, baye bahlakulela amasu okukhuthazela ekushintsheni izindawo ezingaqinisa imizamo yamanje neyesikhathi esizayo yokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
“Abantu bomdabu baseqhulwini lenkinga yesimo sezulu. Babekwe kahle kakhulu ukuthi bahole izinguquko ezisekelwe kuzindinganiso zabo ezihlonishwa isikhathi, ulwazi, kanye nemibono yezwe,” kusho uNobhala Omkhulu We-UN Climate Change uSimon Stiell.
Ithebula elihlanganisa intsha yomdabu kanye nentsha evela emiphakathini yendawo yethule izincomo ngokubamba iqhaza okuphusile kwabantu boMdabu kuzinqubomgomo nezenzo zesimo sezulu.
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kubathinta ngokulinganayo abantu abasengcupheni, ikakhulukazi abesifazane abampofu ngenxa yokuthembela kwabo emithonjeni yemvelo kanye nokufinyelela okulinganiselwe ekuthathweni kwezinqumo. Naphezu kwezinselelo, abesifazane basabela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu ngokusebenzisa ulwazi lwabo lochwepheshe kanye nobuholi mayelana nokusimama.
USuku Lobulili lwe-COP28 lugxile ekuqinisekiseni izinqubomgomo ezibandakanya konke zenguquko enobulungiswa eqaphela indima ebalulekile yabesifazane ekukhuthazeni imiphakathi ekwazi ukumelana nezimo kanye nokusebenza okusebenzayo kwesimo sezulu, kugcizelela isidingo sokuthuthukisa ukusabela kobulili kwemithombo yesimo sezulu kanye nezezimali.
LOKHO ONGAKUTHATHE KULESI SIHLOKO:
- Ithimba elivela eMnyangweni Wezokuvakasha waseGreece, eliholwa nguNobhala Jikelele Wenqubomgomo Nentuthuko Yezokuvakasha u-Myron Flouris kanye noMqondisi-Jikelele Wenqubomgomo Yezokuvakasha u-Panagiota Dionysopoulou, libe nezingxoxo emcimbini okhethekile phakathi ne-COP28 wokuxoxa ngezinhlelo zomnyango ezigxile ekusheshiseni isenzo sezulu.
- Iningi labahlanganyeli, okuhlanganisa i-Australia, iCanada, iChile, iNorway, i-European Union, kanye ne-United States, phakathi kweqembu elinamandla ayi-100 elikhuthaza ukuzibophezela okuqinile ekuhlukaneni namalahle, uwoyela negesi, bagxeke uhlaka lwangoMsombuluko ngokunganele. qina.
- Amazwe amaningi asigxekile isivumelwano sokuqala esisayinwe esikhishwe ngoMsombuluko ngokwehluleka kwaso ukugqugquzela ukuthi kususwe uphethiloli, ososayensi abahlonza njengengxenye enkulu ekukhiqizweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kanye nokufudumala komhlaba.
