Ngonyaka odlule, ochwepheshe abaningi babebikezela ukuthi u-2008 uzoba unyaka onamandla embonini yezindiza, okunethemba elikhulu lokukhula kanye nezigidigidi zenzuzo.
Lokho obekulindelwe kwaphazanyiswa ukukhuphuka kwentengo kawoyela okwephula irekhodi, okwalandelwa ukwehla kwesidingo sokuhamba njengoba umnotho uthatha ikhefu. Izehlakalo zonyaka beziyisikhumbuzo esiqinile sokuthi izibikezelo zingase ziphazamiseke ngokushesha ebhizinisini lezindiza elineziyaluyalu.
Ngakho-ke abaningi baqaphela ukubikezela kuka-2009. Izinto ezinkulu ezizothinta abagibeli bezindiza, abasebenzi kanye nabatshalizimali umnotho kanye nentengo kawoyela, okuhlala kuyimibuzo.
“Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi umbuzo omkhulu ngowokuthi kuzokwenzekani ngomnotho,” kusho uDan Garton, iphini likamengameli wezokumaketha kwa-American Airlines, ezinze eFort Worth. "Akekho ongazi ngokuqinisekile, futhi impilo yemboni ixhumene kakhulu nomnotho."
Noma kunjalo, abahlaziyi abaningi babikezela ukuthi izinkampani zezindiza ezinkulu zizokwenza inzuzo encane naphezu kokwehla, nakuba ukuqagela kuye kwehliswa ezinyangeni ezisanda kwedlula. Izinkampani zezindiza kungenzeka ziqhubeke nokunciphisa umthamo wazo wabagibeli, okungase kugcine amanani amathikithi ezinzile. Abahambi bangalindela ukuqhubeka nokukhokha imali ezintweni ezifana nezikhwama ezilayishwayo futhi kungase kudingeke ukuthi baqale ukukhokhela ezinye izinkonzo ezintsha.
I-American inethemba lokuthola imvume ngomfelandawonye wayo neBritish Izindiza, okuzoyivumela ukuthi ixhumane naleyo nkampani yezindiza ekusebenzeni, ukuhlela kanye nokumaketha izindiza ze-trans-Atlantic.
I-Southwest Airlines ese-Dallas, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ihlela ukuqala ukundizela eNew York City okokuqala ngqa futhi izosebenzela ukwakha umfelandawonye wokuqala wemali ephansi yaseNyakatho Melika nenkampani yenethiwekhi yaseCanada i-WestJet kanye nenkampani yezindiza yaseMexico iVolaris.
"Ngicabanga ukuthi u-2009 uzoba unyaka onentshisekelo kakhulu, kakhulu ezinkampanini zezindiza," kusho umhlaziyi wezokuvakasha uTerry Trippler we-Tripplersview.com.
Izimali 'lapha ukuhlala'
Abahambi abaya esibhakabhakeni ngo-2009 bangathembela entweni eyodwa - kuzofanele baqhubeke nokukhokha lezo zimali, njengemali yemithwalo ehloliwe, izindiza eziqale ukuzishaja ngo-2008.
Yize izinkampani zezindiza zibalule intengo ephezulu kaphethiloli wendiza ngesikhathi zisebenzisa lezi zindleko kulo nyaka, amacala mancane amathuba okuthi anyamalale, yize amanani kawoyela ehlile.
"Angicabangi ngempela ukuthi sizobona lezo zimali zihamba," kusho u-Trippler. “Bazohlala lapha.”
UGarton uthe amakhasimende amaningi ajwayele ukukhokhela izindleko ezengeziwe.
“Impendulo yokuqala yayingeyinhle, kodwa empeleni, inika amakhasimende ukukhetha okwengeziwe ukuze akhokhele lokho afuna ukukusebenzisa ngempela,” kusho yena. Futhi, wengeza, "Bekukuhle ngokwemali engenayo, ngokusobala."
U-Trippler uthe mancane amathuba okuthi kunezimali eziningi ezintsha ezizokwengezwa ngonyaka ozayo.
"Akusekho okuningi abangaqala ukukukhokhisa, ngaphandle kweziphuzo," kusho u-Trippler. Akalindele futhi ukuthi izinkampani zezindiza zikhuphule imali esezivele zisemabhukwini.
Kodwa umeluleki wendiza uStuart Klaskin waseKlaskin, Kushner & Co. akavumelani.
“Angicabangi ukuthi sebeqalile ukwehlisa izindleko zabagibeli,” usho kanje. Izinkampani zezindiza eziningi zingaqala ukushaja izihlalo zamafasitela noma eziphaseji, esho, noma ukugibela ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Bangaphinda babeke izindleko ezengeziwe emisebenzini yohlelo oluhamba njalo.
Izinkampani zezindiza zingase futhi ziqale ukunikeza amasevisi amasha ngenkokhelo. Abathwali abaningana, okuhlanganisa ne-Delta Air Lines, bahlela ukukhipha ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi okungenantambo endizeni, ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nonyaka.
Futhi i-United Airlines isanda kuqala ukunikeza imali engu-$25 evumela abagibeli ukuthi basebenzise ukuphepha okufushane kanye nemigqa yamathikithi ngokuvamile abekelwe abahambi abasezingeni eliphezulu nabasezingeni lokuqala.
"Cishe sizobona eminye yale mikhiqizo emisha izinkampani zezindiza ezizoyinikeza ngentengo," kusho u-Trippler. UKlaskin ubikezela ukuthi izinkampani zezindiza zingase futhi zizame ukuthengisa imali yokugibela ebiza kakhulu ehlanganisa amasevisi amaningana, njengemithwalo elayishwayo noma izihlalo ezithandwayo.
“Kufana nokudla okunenani elikhulu,” kusho yena. "Uma abantu sebecasukile ngokwanele ukukhokha zonke lezi zimali, bangase bazimisele ukukhokha ngaphezulu ithikithi elibahlanganisa ngaphambili."
Indawo eyodwa, iSouthwest Airlines, kungenzeka iqhubeke nokuyeka ukukhokhisa iningi lezindleko. Inkampani yezindiza yenze ukuntuleka kwayo kwezimali kwaba indawo yokuthengisa enkulu ekukhangiseni kwakamuva.
UGarton uthe “kunzima ukwazi” ukuthi iMelika ilahlekelwe ngamakhasimende amaningi yini eNingizimu-ntshonalanga ngenxa yezimali ezikhokhwayo.
“Kuyacaca ukuthi kube khona okunye,” esho, kodwa ezinye izinto ezifana nenani, imvamisa kanye nohlelo yizici.
Amanani azinzile
Ikusasa liguqubele kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngezintengo zamathikithi. Abahlaziyi abaningi balindele ukwehla kwesidingo njengoba umnotho uncipha, okuvame ukusho ukuthengiswa kwemali yokugibela namathikithi ashibhile.
I-UBS isanda kwenza inhlolovo yabaphathi bezinkampani zokuhamba, ethole ukuthi amaphesenti angama-75 ahlela ukwehlisa imali esetshenziswa yinkampani yabo ekuhambeni ngo-2009.
Iningi lalokho kuncishiswa kulindeleke ezimakethe zasekhaya, yize imali yokuya eYurophu kungenzeka yehle nayo.
"Imiphumela icacile ngokufunwa," kusho umhlaziyi wezindiza ze-UBS uKevin Crissey, kodwa wengeza ngokuthi "ayihambisani nezindaba zezomnotho."
Imali yokugibela ingase ihlale izinzile uma izinkampani zezindiza ziqhubeka nokunciphisa umthamo wabagibeli, kusho uTrippler. Ngokwesibonelo, i-American, inciphise inani lezihlalo ezithengiswayo ngamaphesenti angu-8 kulo nyaka futhi ihlela ukunciphisa amaphesenti angu-6 engeziwe ngonyaka ozayo.
UGerard Arpey, isikhulu esiphezulu saseMelika, uthe muva nje kunganciphisa amandla ngonyaka ozayo uma kunesidingo.
"Izinkampani zezindiza ziziphathe ngendlela exakile uma kukhulunywa ngomthamo," kusho uKlaskin. "Ngicabanga ukuthi sizobona okuningi kwalokho ngonyaka ozayo."
Umnotho ubalulekile
UGarton uthe inselelo isekugcineni inani labagibeli lihambisana nomnotho.
"Ngokwesiko, senza imodeli yemali engenayo ngokubheka umthamo wemboni kanye noma sisuse ushintsho" kwezomnotho, esho. “Lapho labo ababili bephuma ekuvumelaneni, yilapho uba nenkinga khona.”
Abahlaziyi abaningi bathi, okungenani njengamanje, izinkampani zezindiza zibhekene nenselelo. Naphezu kokuncipha, abahlaziyi babikezela unyaka onenzuzo - nakuba izibikezelo ziphansi kakhulu namuhla kunangezinyanga ezimbalwa ezedlule.
I-International Air Transport Association ilindele inzuzo eyizigidi ezingama- $ 300 yabathwali baseNyakatho Melika.
"INyakatho Melika kuzoba ukuphela kwesifunda esimnyama, kodwa inzuzo elindelekile ingaphansi kwephesenti elilodwa lemali engenayo," kusho uGiovanni Bisignani, umqondisi jikelele weqembu kanye nesikhulu esiphezulu. "I-1 izoba ngomunye unyaka onzima kuwo wonke umuntu."
Abahlaziyi balindele ukuthi i-AMR Corp., umzali we-American Airlines, ithumele inzuzo engu-$1.74 ngesheya ngalinye ngo-2009, ngaphandle kwezinzuzo nezinkokhiso ezikhethekile. INingizimu-ntshonalanga nayo kulindeleke ukuthi yenze imali, abahlaziyi bebikezela inzuzo engu-59 cent-per-share.
Zombili izindiza zihlela izinyathelo ezinkulu ukusiza ukukhulisa imali engenayo phakathi nonyaka. Abaphathi baseMelika banethemba lokuzuza ukugunyazwa komfelandawonye neBritish Airways.
Ubambiswano zombili izindiza eziye zalulangazelela iminyaka kodwa abalawuli bakahulumeni abakavunyelwa ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuthi izinkampani zezindiza zizobusa e-London Heathrow Airport, isikhungo esimatasa kakhulu e-Europe.
Isivumelwano esisha sezindiza phakathi kwe-United States ne-European Union sivule i-Heathrow emiqhudelwaneni eyengeziwe. Lokho, kusho uGarton, kwenza kube lula ukuthi izinkampani zezindiza zivunyelwe ukusebenzisana.
"Sicabanga ukuthi sinengxabano eqinile," esho.
INingizimu-ntshonalanga, okwamanje, ihlela ukuthuthela ezimakethe ezimbili ezingenakwenzeka ngo-2009. Ngaphandle kweNew York, iNingizimu-ntshonalanga izongena eMinneapolis.
Zombili izindawo zebhizinisi ezinkulu, ezingaheha amadola ezinkampani amaningi eNingizimu-ntshonalanga.
Futhi ukwakhiwa kweNingizimu-ntshonalanga komfelandawonye ne-WestJet kanye neVolaris kuxhumanisa abathwali abathathu bemali ephansi namamodeli ebhizinisi afanayo.
Umfelandawonye uzovumela iNingizimu-ntshonalanga ukuthi ibhukhe imali yokugibela eya emadolobheni anhlobonhlobo angale komngcele wase-US.
"Ngicabanga ukuthi iSouthwest izoba yinkampani yezindiza ezoyibuka ngo-2009," kusho uKlaskin. “Banezinhlelo ezinkulu kakhulu.”
