I-Korea inenani elimangalisayo lengcebo engathakazelisa futhi ijabulise izivakashi zamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa ayaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Isithombe somkhiqizo wezokuvakasha wase-Korea sinenkinga yephrofayili ephansi kakhulu, futhi siheha izivakashi ezimbalwa kakhulu minyaka yonke kunalokho okufanele kugunyazwe.
Mina ngokwami ngisathakasela ukuhambahamba kulesi sizwe ngemva kwamashumi amabili nesigamu eminyaka ngenza kanjalo, ngimangazwa ubuhle obuphelele kanye nokuthakazelisa kwezingosi eziningi; okuhlangenwe nakho okwabiwe abaningi babangani bami nezihambeli.
Futhi nokho izinto ezihehayo zaseKorea azikabonwa emakethe yezokuvakasha yomhlaba wonke uma kuqhathaniswa neminikelo elinganayo noma ephansi kwezinye izingxenye ze-Asia.
Kwakuvame ukubonakala kuyiphuzu elihle ukuthi sasingezinye zezindawo zokugcina “ezingakatholwa,” izwe eliyimfihlakalo elajabulisa abahloli bamazwe abanesibindi abenza lo mzamo. Kodwa leso sikhathi sesidlulile.
Manje sekuqashelwa kabanzi ukuthi ezokuvakasha zase-Korea zidinga ukuthuthukiswa okuthile kanye nokuphinda kufakwe uphawu ukuze kube neqhaza esithunzini sezwe nomnotho ngezinga elingakwazi futhi okufanele libe ngalo.
Izincwadi ezimbalwa zingabhalwa ngezinkinga nezisombululo ezingase zibe khona, kodwa kule ndaba emfushane ngithanda ukugxila emandleni aseKorea acebile kodwa angenakufinyeleleka okuheha ezokuvakasha ezingokwenkolo, ezingokomoya nezokuvakasha.
Lona okwamanje ungomunye wemikhakha ekhula ngamandla embonini yezokuvakasha yamazwe ngamazwe, futhi enentshisekelo ekhula ngokuphawulekayo kubasebenzi bezokuvakasha, ohulumeni, kanye nabahambi ngokwabo. Udaba oluvamile lwe-Newsweek International lwaseNtwasahlobo lwezokuvakasha emhlabeni wonke lwango-2007 lwalugxile kulesi simo, futhi Inhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene Yezokuvakasha Yomhlaba yabamba inkomfa yayo yokuqala ngayo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva.
I-South Korea ijabulela inhlobonhlobo ecacile yamasiko "aphilayo" enkolo nentuthuko kamoya, kanye namathuba awo okuvakasha ahlobene. Kunemisebenzi embalwa yesimanje yezokuvakasha yezenkolo nengokomoya manje etholakala lapha, okungenani ifinyeleleka kancane ezivakashini, nakuba yaziwa kancane emakethe yomhlaba.
I-Korea inamandla okuba indawo enkulu yokuvakasha kwezenkolo-pilgrimage manje ebonakala kancane. Nokho, isiqalo esihle senziwe mayelana nokubhekana nezinkinga zokusimama ezilethwe amashumi eminyaka amuva nje okukhula okuqinile.
Izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zezindawo ezibalulekile zokomoya kumasiko enkolo angaphezu kweshumi nambili zingatholakala kalula kulesi sizwe esincane. Zihluka ngosayizi nokubaluleka kusukela ezindlini zezindela ezinkulu zasendulo eziqukethe amagugu obuciko ajulile kuya ezindaweni ezincane zamatshe angangomuntu siqu ezindaweni ezikude.
Cishe i-100 noma ngaphezulu kubo kungashiwo ukuthi ivakashelwa kakhulu izivakashi zasekhaya nezangaphandle, kuyilapho izinkulungwane zingavamile ukuvakashelwa yinoma ubani kodwa abazinikele kakhulu.
Iningi lalezi zingosi zibhekwa njengezingcwele yizinkolo ezinkulu zomhlaba ezifana neMahayana Buddhism, i-Northeast-Asian Shamanism, kuhlanganise neKorea yasendulo yobuzwe bomoya, ubuKristu kuzo zombili izinhlobo zamaKatolika namaProthestani, kanye ne-Neo-Confucianism.
Inombolo encane ibhekwa njengengcwele ngamasiko amancane enkolo nawomoya njengeDaoism, namahlelo omdabu anjengeCheondo-gyo, iJeungsan-do, i-Unification Church njalonjalo. I-Korea ihlinzeka ngeziza zezenkolo nemisebenzi eminingi ngekhilomitha-skwele-cishe kunanoma iyiphi enye indawo.
Imakethe yokuvakasha kwezenkolo yasekhaya inamandla kakhulu futhi isakhula ngokushesha, ihlanganisa nohambo lwamakholwa oluya ezindaweni ezingcwele zenkolo yawo eduze nakude, okuvamise ukuhlelwa yizo zombili izinhlangano zenkolo ngokwazo kanye nezinkampani ezizimele zezokuvakasha zezentengiselwano. Isenzakalo esanda ngokuphawulekayo uhambo lwamalungu ezinye izinkolo noma labo abangenabo ubulungu kunoma iyiphi inkolo ukuya kulezi zindawo zokuvakasha, eshukunyiswa ithemba lokukhula ngokomoya, ilukuluku ngezinye izinkolo, isifiso sokuthola izingosi zenkolo ezinomlando, noma isithakazelo nje. emlandweni wezwe.
Lokhu kuhambisane phakathi neminyaka eyishumi noma emibili edlule ngokwandisa intshisekelo yamazwe ngamazwe emasikweni aqinile enkolo nangokomoya aseKorea, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwayo lwezwe oluyingqayizivele lobuBuddha.
Minyaka yonke sibona izinombolo ezincane kodwa ezikhulayo zezivakashi zakwamanye amazwe ezinentshisekelo yokuvakashela amasayithi enkolo ase-Korea, zinogqozi olujulile kunombukeli ojwayelekile.
Izivakashi eziningi ezivakashela eSouth Korea, okuhlanganisa nezingane zabafuduki abavela eKorea ezifisa ukuzwa isiko lendabuko lokhokho bazo, manje sezihlanganisa nokuhlangenwe nakho kwazo kwezivakashi ukuvakasha okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kokuvakashela izindawo ezingcwele, ukufuna kokubili ulwazi lwesiko lenkolo yaseKorea namandla ukuhlangana komuntu siqu nabantu bezenkolo kanye/noma amandla kamoya angase aqhubekisele phambili intuthuko yabo.
Izindawo okuyiwa kuzo zifafazwe ezweni lonke, ngaphandle kokugxila okukhulu. Zitholakala eziqhingini nasogwini, ezintabeni ezikude eziphakeme nasemadolobheni aminyene.
Lokhu kuvakasha kohambo lukamoya cishe akwenziwa uhambo olude noma amandla ehhashi njengoba kwakunjalo ezikhathini zangaphambi kwezimboni, nokho.
Lokhu kungenxa yezinga eliphezulu lengqalasizinda yezokuthutha yaseNingizimu Korea ehlanganiswe 'nokumatasa' kwempilo yesimanje kubantu abaningi.
Esinye isici esinamandla kulokhu ukuntuleka kwezindlela zohambo ezingcwele ezijabulisayo nezilula, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ezasendulo ezibuyiselwe noma ezisanda kuthuthukiswa.
Lolu wudaba uhulumeni waseNingizimu Korea okufanele alucabangele lapho enza izinhlelo zesikhathi esizayo zokwakha nentuthuko zikazwelonke; ukubuyiselwa noma ukwakhiwa okusha kwemizila enjalo kungakhuthaza kakhulu ukukhula kwezokuvakasha kwezenkolo. Esikhundleni sokuhamba ngendlela evamile, ukuvakasha okuningi kokuhambela okungokomoya kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izitimela zomphakathi, amabhasi omphakathi noma aqashiwe kanye nezimoto ezizimele, kusetshenziswa ngempumelelo indawo ebanzi yaseKorea njengamanje. inethiwekhi enhle kakhulu yemigwaqo emikhulu, imigwaqo kazwelonke kanye nemigwaqo yendawo.
Inkinga eyodwa ekuthuthukiseni, ukuhlela kanye nokukhuthaza lolu hlobo lwezokuvakasha kuleli zwe kube ukushoda kwegama kanye nokufakwa kuhlu komphakathi kwezingosi ezibaluleke kakhulu kanye/noma ezidumile.
Kunzima ukuhlukanisa isici sohambo lwezenkolo lokuduma kwezindawo eziningi zezokuvakasha ezihamba phambili zaseKorea kwezinye izici eziheha abahambi kuzo (ubuhle bemvelo, umoya ohlanzekile namanzi, ukuzijabulisa okuvamile, ukuhamba izintaba neminye imidlalo, ukudla okumnandi neziphuzo. ) ngenxa yezindawo eziningi zazo ezindaweni ezikhangayo ezinhle kakhulu njengamapaki kazwelonke nawezifundazwe.
Nokho, ngezinjongo zokucwaninga bese kukhuthazwa lolu hlobo lwezokuvakasha eKorea, kubonakala kudingekile ngalabo abathintekayo ukuba baqale ukudala uhlu olunjalo nezikhundla, ngemibandela ecacile nevumelekile, ukuze leyo mizamo iqhubekele phambili ngendlela esebenzayo. ocwaningweni lwezemfundo, izikhungo zikahulumeni nezamazwe ngamazwe ezithuthukisa ezokuvakasha, kanye namabhizinisi azimele azibandakanya kulolu hlobo lwezokuvakasha.
Sengivele ngakha futhi ngathumela uhlu olulodwa olunjalo, kusizindalwazi esidume kakhulu emhlabeni mayelana nalezi zindaba, esigcinwe nguMnu. Martin Gray ku-http://www.sacredsites.com enesihloko esithi “Izindawo Ezingcwele Zomhlaba, Izindawo Zokuthula kanye Amandla”.
Inekhasi elihlukile lesizwe ngasinye, elinemephu, ebala izindawo zayo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokukhulekelwa kwezenkolo kanye nokuhambela izindawo ezingcwele ezingabhekwa “njengezendabuko” (ngaphambi kwekhulu lama-20), ngokuvamile nezincazelo nezithombe ezitholakalayo. Ungabona ukukhetha kwami kumasayithi aphezulu angama-40 eNhlonhlweni YaseKorea ngokuchofoza okuthi “Korea” kuleyo ngxenye yamasayithi ethi “World Atlas”. Ngifake amagama abo ohlelweni lwe-Romanization olujwayelekile lukahulumeni (manje olutholakala emhlabeni wonke kumamephu, amawebhusayithi nezimpawu), nginikeze ukuhunyushelwa olimini lwesiNgisi egameni ngalinye ukuze kwandiswe isithakazelo salo, futhi ngabhala incazelo emfushane kakhulu kodwa ebanzi yokuthi kungani leyo ndawo ibalulekile umongo wesiko lenkolo laseKorea.
Inhloso yale phrojekthi bekuwukuthuthukisa isithunzi sezokuvakasha samazwe ngamazwe e-Korea, ngokunikeza ulwazi olunembile nolwemininingwane oluyivelakancane kakhulu ngezici ezibalulekile zendawo yezokuvakasha kwamasiko e-Korea ukuze kuthathelwe indawo idatha engaphelele neyiphutha namanje ngeshwa evame kakhulu emithonjeni yezindaba eminingi emhlabeni jikelele. umhlaba.
Isibonelo esihle kakhulu sokuthuthukiswa okuyimpumelelo kwalolu hlobo lwezokuvakasha e-Korea kube wuhlelo oluthandwa kakhulu yi-Temple-Stay. Lokhu kwaqalwa ngeNtwasahlobo ka-2002, njengephrojekthi ethi “Vakashela Unyaka Wase-Korea” ngaphambi kowamanqamu weNdebe Yomhlaba ye-FIFA ka-2002.
Kwaqala kwahlongozwa futhi kwahlelwa njengezinye izindawo zokuhlala kanye nokubuka indawo yezivakashi zamazwe ngamazwe ezinomqondo othe xaxa ezivakashela e-Korea kulowo mcimbi wezemidlalo omkhulu, ozohlala izinyanga ezintathu kuphela. Umcimbi wokuqala “wesampula” Wokuhlala Ethempelini wabanjwa ngo-April 2002 eJikji-sa yakudala, enkulu nehlonishwayo (Izindela Ezikhomba Ngeminwe), namanxusa angaphandle angama-25 e-Korea njengezihambeli kanye nami njengomqondisi wokuvakasha.
Ngenhlanhla, iziphathimandla zezokuvakasha kanye nobuholi be-Jogye Order ye-Korean Buddhism evelele basheshe babona ukuthi imele ithuba elihle kakhulu njengohlobo olusha lokuvakasha kwezenkolo-kokuvakasha e-Korea.
I-Jogye Order yaholwa futhi ekuboneni amandla ayo amakhulu emizamweni yezithunywa zevangeli neyokuguqula abantu, ukwandisa ulwazi lwamazwe ngamazwe ngokholo lwayo nemikhuba yayo, kanye nokuthuthukisa isithunzi sayo somhlaba wonke njengohlobo olubalulekile lobuBuddha. Kwadwetshwa izinhlelo futhi zasetshenziswa ukuze kunwetshwe uhlelo lwe-Temple-Stay kuze kuphele u-2002, bese lwenza lube isici esihlala njalo sokuvakasha kwezenkolo yaseKorea nangemuva kwalowo nyaka. Inani lezindela ezibambe iqhaza likhuphuke ngokushesha lisuka kweziyisikhombisa laya kwezingaphezu kwamashumi amathathu, okuhlanganisa eziningi zomlando nezibalulekile zase-Korea.
Yaqala ukusebenza ngokugcwele ezweni lonke ngo-2004, futhi ngokusakazwa kwabantu okudalwe izithakazelo zasekhaya nezangaphandle kanye nokukhangisa okuthile okusekelwe ku-inthanethi, inani labahlanganyeli kuyo lakhula ngokushesha kakhulu.
Uhlelo lwamukele isiqubulo esithi “Ukushintsha indlela ozibona ngayo wena, kanye nomhlaba”, futhi lwamisa isizindalwazi salo esibanzi esivumela ukubhuka ku-inthanethi. Lolu hlelo manje selusetshenziswa ngokugcwele nangokuzimele yi-Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism.
Cishe amathempeli amakhulu angama-50 esizweni sonke abandakanyeka kuwo okungenani isikhathi esithile, futhi iningi lizenzele ezawo izinhlelo zesici (ngokusekelwe emlandweni wamathempeli, indawo, amakhosi okuhlala, njll). Ukubamba iqhaza kwabahlali bamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezivakashi kuye kwakhula kakhulu minyaka yonke.
Ngikholelwa ukuthi le modeli ephumelelayo ingamiswa futhi iphindaphindwe ngemiphumela emihle kakhulu okufanele ilindelwe. I-Korea inamandla amangalisayo okuba enye yezindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba zenkolo, ezingokomoya, nezokuvakasha, futhi ngincoma iziphathimandla ezithintekayo ezinkampanini zikahulumeni nezizimele ukuthi zinake kakhulu ukuqaphela izithelo zayo. Lena indlela eyodwa lapho i-Korea ingasebenzisa khona izinsiza ezijulile evele inazo ngobuningi ukuze yandise imboni yayo yezokuvakasha, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo ithuthukisa isithombe sayo sezwe.
