Konke mayelana neWhisky

Umhlaba we-whisky udlulela ngale kokunuka, ukusipha nokunambitha. Ukuze ufunde ngoketshezi olunsundu engilazini yakho kufanele ukhulume noLew Bryson, omunye weziphathimandla ezihola phambili emhlabeni nge-whisky. Uma ungenaso isikhathi sokwenza isifundo sobu-whisky noBryson, ungathenga incwadi yakhe ethi, “Tasting Whisky. Umhlahlandlela wangaphakathi wezinjabulo eziyingqayizivele zeMimoya Emihle Yomhlaba ”(Storey Publishing, 2014).

Ubhiya Kuqala

UBryson waqala indlela yakhe yokuphuza utshwala e-laced ngo-1995 ngokubhala ngobhiya nemimoya njengoManaging Editor we-Whisky Advocate (1996-2015). Njengamanje ukuthatha kwakhe iwhisky nobhiya kungabuyekezwa kumaAmerican Spirits, All About Beer, iDaily Beast kanye neScotchwhiskey.com.

Uma ubenenhlanhla uthole ikhophi yencwadi yakhe njengesipho. Uma i-Tasting Whisky ibingafakwanga esitokisini sakho sikaKhisimusi, manje kungaba yisikhathi esihle sokuya e-Amazon uyothenga ikhophi yakho uma usuqale ukuhlola umhlaba we-whisky ngesiqondisi sikaBryson kutholakale kalula uzoqala ukuqonda futhi ukwazise ubunzima bento esengilazini yakho.

Ekunambitha i-Whisky uBryson wabelana ngolwazi nobungcweti bakhe nge-encyclopedic ngokuthi kungani futhi lokhu kuphuza lesi siphuzo esimnandi. Njengomhlahlandlela wokuvakasha ohlakaniphile, uhola abafundi ngokuhlola amasiko nama-nuances ahlobene ne-bourbon, iScotch, ama-whisky ase-Ireland nawaseJapan, aphendulela wonke umfundi ekholweni le-whisky.

Okuphuzayo

IWhisky ichazwa njengomoya "osemabhodleleni angaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-40 otshwala ngokwevolumu (ubufakazi obungama-80)." Uma une-Scotch whiskey engilazini yakho abaphuza iwhisky ekhiqizwa eScotland futhi:

1. Izinhlamvu zikhishwe kudoti waseScotland kusuka emanzini nakwibhali elinokonakala (okungangezwa kuphela okusanhlamvu okunye kokunye okusanhlamvu)
2. Icubungulwe kudizili kube yimishini
3. Kuguqulwe kuleyo distillery kube isisekelo esingavutshelwa kuphela ngezinhlelo ze-enzyme engapheli (ama-enzyme kuphela enziwe ngemithombo uqobo)
4. Kuvutshelwa kuleyo distillery kuphela ngokufakwa kwemvubelo
5. Kudalwe amandla otshwala ngevolumu engaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-94.8 ukuze i-distillate ibe nephunga nokunambitheka okususelwa ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nendlela yokukhiqiza kwayo
6. Kukhule ngokukhethekile emiphongolweni ye-oki enamandla angaphezu kwama-700 litres
7. Kukhulile eScotland kuphela
8. Kukhule isikhathi esingengaphansi kweminyaka emithathu
9. Kukhuliswe kuphela endaweni yokugcina impahla noma endaweni evunyelwe
10. Igcina umbala, iphunga nokunambitheka okuvela ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nendlela yokukhiqiza nokuvuthwa kwayo
11. Ayikho into engeziwe; okungeziwe kukhawulelwe emanzini kanye / noma kumbala we-caramel ocacile
12. Amandla amancane otshwala ngokwevolumu yamaphesenti angama-40 (whiskeyinvestdirect.com)

I-Bourbon kumele yenziwe ngenhlanganisela yokusanhlamvu okungamaphesenti angama-41 ommbila okungenani.

Ukuphuza okuningi

I-whisky yaseMelika ikhule ngamaphesenti angu-6.4 ngevolumu ngo-2017, yafinyelela kumacala ayizigidi ezingama-23.2 9-litre. Ivolumu kaBourbon inyuke ngamaphesenti angama-6.7 ngo-2017 yaya ezigidini ezingama-20. Kwakunokukhula okungaguquguquki nogologo waseCanada nowase-Ireland futhi kulindelwe ukwanda okuqhubekayo.

Ubuholi Bezimboni

Ngokusho kwe-Vinepair.com ama-whiskeys aphezulu ama-5 afaka:

1. UJack Daniel's, efaka uhlu ngama- $ 309,725,503 ngokuthengisa. Lo mkhiqizo weBrown-Forman ungumoya aziwa kakhulu futhi othengiswa kakhulu ezweni kanye nomoya wesine othengiswa kakhulu emhlabeni.
2. Umqhele Royal Canadian Whisky. ICrown Royal Deluxe yadalelwa ukuhlonipha uKing George VI. Iwhiski elihlanganisiwe laseCanada eliphethwe nguDiageo futhi iyi-whiskey yaseCanada ethengiswa kakhulu e-United States. Ibhodlela linobufakazi obungama-80 noma ngaphezulu.
3. I-Fireball Cinnamon Whisky. Yenziwe eCanada nge-whisky yaseCanada e-distilled nesegugile.

I-Fireball yaziwa ngamaphesenti angama-33 i-ABV (ubufakazi obungama-66) futhi ithathwa njengewhisky enephunga noma umoya okhethekile “okhethekile”.

4. UJim Beam Bourbon Whisky. Inhlanganisela yommbila, irye nebhali, le bourbon ethengiswa kakhulu kunazo zonke ibilokhu ikhona iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-220. Ithengiswa emazweni angama-200 ne-US, Germany, ne-Australia ezihola phambili.
5. Jameson Irish Whisky. Le yi-whiskey yase-Ireland edayiswa kakhulu emhlabeni, ngamaphesenti angama-90 womkhiqizo wayo othunyelwe kwamanye amazwe. Le nkampani iphethwe nguPernod Ricard kusukela ngo-1988.

Ukuhlukahluka kuma-Whiskeys

IScotland ikhiqiza kakhulu iwhisky yomhlaba futhi ibe ngumholi wemakethe okungenani iminyaka eyikhulu. IWhisky nayo ikhiqizwa e-USA (amacala ayizigidi ezingama-100), eCanada (amacala ayizigidi ezingama-37), e-Ireland (amacala ayizigidi ezingu-21), eJapane, eNgilandi, eWales, eNingizimu Afrika, e-Australia, eTaiwan, eSpain naseSweden.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-Scotch whiskey: imithombo eyodwa nehlanganisiwe. Imithombo eyodwa ilinganisela amaphesenti ayi-10 okuthengiswa komhlaba wonke ngevolumu; kodwa-ke, iningi lama-whisky e-Scotch athengiswa emhlabeni wonke ahlanganisiwe futhi enziwe ngokuhlanganiswa kwama-whiskeys emithombo namabele ahlukahlukene. I-Japan iwukuphela kwelinye izwe elikhulu elenza i-whisky elamukele imodeli eyodwa efanayo yemithombo ehlanganiswe nogologo.

I-USA ikhiqiza cishe amacala ayizigidi ezingama-37 we-whisky unyaka nonyaka. Okusanhlamvu okuthandwa kakhulu okusetshenziswa kufuthini we-American ibhali, i-rye, ukolweni kanye nommbila. Isici se-whisky yaseMelika ukunambitheka okuqinile, okumnandi kwe-vanilla okususelwa ekuvuthweni okuyimpoqo emiphongolweni emisha ye-oki.

Abanye bakhethe i-Coke njengomxube we-whisky yaseMelika ngenkathi ama-premium brand (uMenzi kaMark kanye neWoodford Reserve) ejabulela ukucoceka okuhle noma kuma-cocktails wendabuko (okungukuthi, iManhattan, i-Old Fashioned, i-Whisky Sour).

ICanada ikhiqiza amacala angama-21 + we-whisky aneCrown Royal, iBlack Velvet, neCanada Club emele uhhafu wakho konke ukuthengisa. I-whisky yaseCanada yaziwa ngesitayela sayo esikhanyayo nesibushelelezi, futhi iningi layo lihlanganisiwe. Imithetho yaseCanada ibeka ukuthi umkhiqizo kufanele ube mdala okungenani iminyaka emithathu emiphongolweni ye-oki futhi uvumele ukwengezwa kwe-caramel.

Abanye ochwepheshe bacabanga ukuthi i-Ireland yindawo yokuzalwa ye-whisky yize okwamanje izwe linama-distilleries angu-7 kuphela asebenzayo futhi ama-distilleries amathathu amasha angenayo imikhiqizo emisiwe emakethe.

I-Ireland ikhiqiza cishe amacala ayizigidi eziyi-7 e-whisky futhi iningi lokuthengisa kuthiwa livela kuJameson, ukuthengisa amacala ayi-4.5m, noma amaphesenti angama-64 entengo ephelele yokuthengiswa kwe-whisky yase-Ireland. Endaweni yesibili, iTullamore Dew, ikhula ngaphezu kwamaphesenti ayishumi ngonyaka kepha isengaphansi kwamacala ayisigidi. Iningi le-whisky yase-Ireland likhishwe amahlandla ama-10 (amanye ama-whisky aseScotch afakwe ama-1 izikhathi). Ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwe-peat kwinqubo ye-malting akuvamile, i-whisky yase-Ireland inesiphetho esibushelelezi ngokungafani nentuthu, izinto ezisemhlabeni ezijwayele iScotch esithile.

IJapane ifafaza i-whisky yayo kabili, embizeni yethusi futhi isebenzisa i-oki ekuvuthweni komoya. EJapan, iSuntory's Yamazaki Single Malt Sherry Cask 2013 yabizwa ngokuthi “iwhisky ehamba phambili emhlabeni,” nguJim Murray (i-Whisky Bible). IJapane yaqala ukwenza i-whisky ekuqaleni kwawo-1920 futhi yakhiqiza imodeli ngendlela yeScotch eyafundwa yi-master distiller kaSuntory, Masetsaka Taketsuru iminyaka emithathu eScotland. Lapho ebuyela eJapane, wasiza ekusunguleni i-Yoichi distillery.

UWhisky wenziwa naseNdiya, ethengisa amacala angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-120. Iningi le-whiskey yaseNdiya ayenziwe ngokhula kodwa lenziwe ngama-molasses, enongiwe okwenziwe futhi ayihlanjululwanga. Ngalesi sizathu, akuvunyelwe ukuthi kuthengiswe njenge-whisky e-EU. E-India, imikhiqizo eminingi eyenziwe endaweni yengeza i-Scotch whiskey ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka.

Whisky Fest. Kukhethiwe

Emcimbini wamuva nje weWhisky Fest eNew York City, ngibe nethuba lokunambitha ama-whisky ambalwa emakethe.

Ihlathi Elidala. Ikhishwe eShively, eKentucky

I-Old Forester bourbon yaqalwa nguGeorge Garvin futhi yaba yi-bourbon yokuqala ukuthengiswa ngamabhodlela engilazi avaliwe ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi. Yenziwe ngokusho kwenqubo yokuqala kaBrown ka-1870 yokuqoqwa kwemigqomo evela kuma-distilleries amathathu ukwenza iphrofayili enambithekayo.

UDkt.William Forrester wayeyikhasimende likaBrown ngenkathi esebenza njengomthengisi wemithi. Lapho uForrester ethatha umhlalaphansi, uBrown wehla owesibili u-R egameni. Ngesikhathi sokuvinjelwa, ngenkathi ama-distiller amaningi ephoqeleka ukuba avale, uBrown-Forman wafaka isicelo futhi wathola ilayisensi yenhlangano yokuqhubeka nokukhiqiza i-Old Forester ngezinhloso zokwelashwa.

UBen Riach. Kukhiqizwe endaweni yaseSpeyside eScotland

I-BenRiach 10 Years Old ikhiqizwa ngesitayela se-Speyside yakudala. Ama-casks asetshenzisiwe yi-ex-bourbon ne-ex-sherry. Iso lijabule ngombala ophuzi ehlobo ngenkathi ikhala lithola inhlanganisela yama-aphula aluhlaza, uluhlaza, ujinja namacebo e-tangerine ahlangana ne-vanilla enokhilimu, iminti, ezisawolintshi kanye nebhali elimnandi. Ulwanga luthola izinongo ze-oki ezithosiwe, izikhumba zama-apula aluhlaza namabhilikosi omisiwe okuholela ekuthini usikiselwe ngepentshisi nobhanana othambile. Kuneziphakamiso ze-anise, i-zest lemon kanye nebhali ekugcineni.

Slane. Ikhishwe eSlanecastle Demesne, County Meath, e-Ireland

Yethiwa ngeSlane Castle, le distillery itholakala cishe imizuzu engama-45 ukusuka eDublin. Umndeni wakwaConyhgham ubambisene neCooley Distillery ukuthola umoya namabhodlela ngaphansi kohlobo lwawo. Njengamanje basebenzisane noBrown Forman ukusiza ekwakhiweni nasekwakheni indawo yokuphehla utshwala nokunambitha emagcekeni enqaba yokhokho ngemali engu- $ 50 million.

I-Slane Irish Whiskey ixubekile futhi ihlanganisa imithombo nensimu ye-whisky. Ivuthwe ngezinhlobo ezintathu zikakhasikhi 1. imithwalo emisha esindayo / ekhanyayo esuselwa ku-Brown Forman cooperage, 2. esetshenzisiwe i-whiskey ne-bourbon casks ne-3.Oloroso sherry casks evela eJerez, eSpain.

Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka emiphongolweni ehlukile futhi kuhlanganiswe lapho inqubo yokuvuthwa isiqediwe. Ngenkathi kungekho sitatimende seminyaka yobudala, ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa igama elithi "whiskey" e-Ireland, umoya kufanele uchithe okungenani iminyaka emithathu e-oki.

Umfelokazi uJane. Ikhishwe eRed Hook, eBrooklyn, NY

Indawo yokuhlanza impahla yakwaWidow Jane kanye nendawo yokugcina impahla, ukuguga, ukugoba, ukuxuba kanye nokufaka amabhodlela kwenziwa ngaphakathi endlini. Imiphongolo yeBourbon namanzi ahlungiwe e-limestone kuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kwemvelo kwemimoya.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ifaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwembiza enganyakazi kanye nezinsika eziqhubekayo ze-distillation columns. Ama-stills aletha ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele ku-whisky. I-distillery inikeza izinkambo zomphakathi nezangasese.

Umfelokazi uJane owenziwe eBrooklyn, NY, esebenzisa i-bourbon eqondile futhi wavuthwa ngamaqoqo emigqomo esebenzisa okungapholi okuhlungiwe nokufakazelwa ngamanzi amaminerali avela eRosendale Mines of NY. Bheka iphunga le-vanilla ekhaleni, ngamacici e-orange, maple, nutmeg, cherry nama-alimondi kulwanga. Isiphetho siletha i-oki elishisiwe nezinongo.

I-Yellowstone Bourbon. Ikhishwe yiLimestone Branch Distillery, eLebanon, eKentucky

I-Yellowstone Bourbon (eqanjwe ngepaki likazwelonke) ihlehlela emuva maphakathi no-19 ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-1920 lapho yaqalwa khona ngu-JB Dant, u-DH Taylor noJT William. Ngesikhathi seProhibition (1960s) iYellowstone Bourbon yayifakwa emabhodleleni ngezinhloso zokwelapha kuphela. Ngawo-XNUMX kwakuwumkhiqizo othengisa kakhulu eKentucky. Umkhiqizo okwamanje uxhunyaniswe neLuxco futhi umkhiqizo upholisiwe futhi uneminyaka eseKentucky futhi ufakwe emabhodleleni eLebanon, eKentucky.

Umbala we-caramel osawolintshi uheha iso ngenkathi ikhala lithola i-caramel, amakhambi, ushukela onsundu, izinongo ezinesithelo esimnyama kanye namakhekhe. Olwangeni kukhona ukusikisela kwamakinati, ama-hazelnuts, i-toffee, i-caramel ne-spice exhunywe ku-citrus peel, izinkuni ne-vanilla. Cabanga ngoswidi ekugcineni - amantongomane aqhekekile noshukela.

I-Wyoming Whisky. Kukhiqizwe eKirby, Wyoming

I-Wyoming Whisky iphethwe futhi iqhutshwa ngumndeni wakwaMead, ibhizinisi elizimele elizinze eBig Horn Basin yaseWyoming. Umndeni wafika eWyoming ngo-1890 futhi kwaphela iminyaka engu-125 ufuya izinkomo notshani emahlathini eSpring Gulch naseKirby. Le nkampani iqalwe nguBrad noKate Mead kanti iDistiller nguSam Mead ojoyine inkampani ngo-2014 futhi ulawula yonke imikhiqizo ehlanganisa iSmall Batch, iSingle Barrel neBarrel Strength.

UBrad Rageth eByron, e-Wyoming ukhetha izinhlobo zommbila ongewona owe-GMO, ukolweni, ibhali nebhali lasebusika lesitashi esithile kanye nesivuno sikashukela, okwakha i-bourbon. Basebenzisa uhlobo olukhula ngezinsuku ezingama-92 futhi lukhethwe ngesandla. IRageth Farm iphinde inikeze ukolweni wasehlobo nobusika otshalwa kuphela eWyoming Whisky kanye nerayi lasebusika lemikhiqizo emisha.

Amanzi we-whisky aqhamuka emgodini wamanzi we-limestone, otholakala ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angaphansi kweManderson, eWyoming eMfundisweni yaseMadison. Idwala le-limestone lidala futhi amanzi eliwahlungayo awakaze abone ukukhanya kwemini kusukela eminyakeni yeBronze, eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-6000 edlule.

Ikusasa leWhisky

Whiskywatch.com wayebhale okuningi mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinto ezibalulekile zeWhisky enhle.

Abakhiqizi beWhisky babhekene nenselelo yokuhlala befanelekile futhi bazibuza ukuthi bangaqhubeka kanjani nokunxenxa okuthandwa ngabathengi okuguqukayo ngenkathi behlala ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yezinhlelo zezomthetho. Umthengi… ”ufuna ukwazi, unolwazi futhi unomsindo,” ngokusho kuka-Ian Palmer we-InchDairnie Distillery. UPalmer unesifiso sokuhambisa imikhiqizo yakhe ezimakethe zamazwe omhlaba, enyakatho yeYurophu, eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika naseMpumalanga Ekude, “Yilapho sibona khona amandla…”

Ngokusho kuka-Becky Paskin (ScotchWhiskey.com), “Umhlaba we-whisky uyahlokoma ngomsindo wama-… amazwi nemibono eminingi ebucayi…. Ekugcineni, incazelo ka-whisky ilele ekujabuleleni kwethu okukhona engilazini yethu. Sekuyisikhathi sokuthi sonke sibe noBhontshisi omncane futhi sithathe isinyathelo emuva ukuze sijabulele ubuhle obuphambi kwethu. ”

Mhlawumbe kufanele silandele iseluleko sika-Abraham Lincoln, “Hhayi-ke, ngifisa sengathi abanye benu bangangitshela uhlobo lwe-whiskey uGrant ayiphuzayo. Ngingathanda ukuthumela umgqomo wayo kwabanye abaphathi bami. ”

- U-Abraham Lincoln