Iningi labaphathi bezokuvakasha abavotelwe ngokwehlukana yi-Association of Corporate Travel Executives kanye neNational Business Travel Association baveze ukuthi izinkampani zabo azizange zinciphise ukuhamba kwebhizinisi ngenxa yomzamo woSuku lukaKhisimusi wokuqhumisa ibhomu endizeni yaseNorthwest Airlines isendleleni eya eDetroit. kusuka e-Amsterdam. Kodwa imikhiqizo yohlelo lwamaphekula-ukuhlolwa kwezokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe nezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo-sezivele zithinta abahambi emhlabeni jikelele.
Imiphumela ephelele ayikacaci njengoba iziphathimandla emazweni amaningana ziqhubeka nokubuyekeza nokwenza imithetho emisha. Kuze kube manje, abukho ubufakazi bokwehla okukhulu kwesidingo sohambo lwendiza lwase-US ngenxa yalokho. "Isigameko samaphekula sangoDisemba mhlawumbe sibe nomthelela omubi ekuthengisweni kwamathikithi, ikakhulukazi ukuya/kusuka e-Europe," ngokusho kwenothi locwaningo lango-Jan. 11 elivela kumhlaziyi we-UBS uKevin Crissey. "Sesishilo lokho, abaphathi esikhulume nabo abakaze bakubone ukwehliswa kwezinto abangakusho ngenxa yomzamo ongaphumelelanga." Kodwa lesi simo siphakamisa imibuzo kubahambi abaningi abavamile nabaphathi babo. Ingabe izinqubo zokuphepha ezintsha ezandisa izikhathi zokulinda zendawo yokuhlola zizoba umkhiqizi omkhulu ekukhiqizeni kwabahambi? Ingabe imikhawulo yokuhamba nayo izoba kancane kancane emhlabeni wonke futhi iphoqelele abahambi abaningi ukuba balinde izikhwama ezilayishwayo? Ingabe iziphathimandla zikazwelonke nezinkampani abahambi bebhizinisi kufanele bazisingathele kanjani izinkinga zezempilo nezobumfihlo ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuskena umzimba? Ochwepheshe bezokuvakasha bebhizinisi bangahlala kanjani phezu kwentuthuko entsha?
Omunye umthelela osuvele usobala: Abagibeli ezindizeni ezingena ngaphakathi eziya e-US babhekana nemikhawulo eyengeziwe yezikhwama ogibela nazo (okuhlanganisa nokuvinjelwa kukahulumeni waseCanada kuzo zonke izinto ogibela kuzo, ngaphandle okuthile okuhlanganisa “izinto zomuntu siqu”) okwenze ukuba abanye abathwali bayeke. ezinye izimali zesikhwama ezihloliwe. Abagibeli base-US abangena ngaphakathi futhi "bangase bafune ukuvumela isikhathi esengeziwe ukuze badlule ezokuphepha," ngokusho kwe-US Transportation Security Administration, futhi bangase bahlangabezane nokusesha okungahleliwe okwengeziwe, okuhlanganisa ukumbambathwa ngokomzimba, nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe emasangweni okusuka. Uhulumeni waseCanada uphakamise ukuthi abahambi abaya e-US “bafike esikhumulweni sezindiza kusasele amahora amathathu bahambe ngendiza abahlelelwe yona.” Abahambi abasuka noma abadlula “ezizweni ezingabaxhasi bombuso bobuphekula noma amanye amazwe anentshisekelo” ikakhulukazi bazobhekana nokuhlolwa “okuthuthukisiwe,” ngokusho kwe-TSA.
Kubagibeli basekhaya base-US, "abagibeli akudingeki benze okuthile okuhlukile, kodwa bangabona izindlela zokuphepha ezengeziwe esikhumulweni sezindiza," ngokusho kwe-TSA. Abahambi bangase bangaziboni ezinye izindlela, njengama-air marshal amaningi ezindizeni kanye namagama engeziwe angezwe ohlwini “lwe-no-fly”. Umthelela Ohambweni Lwezinkampani “Njengomuntu ohamba ngebhizinisi, manje kufanele ngivumele isikhathi esengeziwe futhi ngizobhekana nazo zonke izinhlobo zeziphambeko njengoba ngisuka kwelinye izwe ngiya kwelinye, kodwa kusafanele ngihambe,” kusho uBruce McIndoe, umongameli wenhlangano. I-iJet Intelligent Risk Systems. "Ibhizinisi elihambayo kufanele likuncele." Ngokocwaningo lwe-ACTE lwabaphathi bezokuvakasha abangu-200, u-92% wabaphenduli uthe azikho izicelo zokuhoxiswa ezivela kubahambi bezinkampani zabo ngenxa yokuzama ukuhlasela. Amaphesenti angu-19 athi awazange abe nezingxoxo nabaqondisi bezokuphepha bezinkampani zabo noma aguqule imigomo yezokuvakasha; amaphesenti angu-2 athi izingxoxo ezinjalo zabanjwa kodwa azikho izinguquko zenqubomgomo ezenziwe; futhi amaphesenti amabili athi ayenezingxoxo ezinjalo futhi enza izinguquko zenqubomgomo.
Inhlolovo ye-NBTA yabaphathi bezokuvakasha abayi-152-ethole ukuthi amaphesenti angama-81 abaphendulile athi izinkampani zabo ngeke zehlise ukuhamba ngenxa yesigameko sosuku lukaKhisimusi-ibuze abaphendula ukuthi ngabe iziqondiso ezintsha zokuphepha ezisetshenziswe yi-TSA zikhuphule "izinga elisha lokukhathazeka mayelana nokusebenziseka kalula." noma ukunethezeka kohambo lwendiza.” Amaphesenti angamashumi amane nesishiyagalombili athi “cha”; Amaphesenti angu-36 athi “yebo.” Ngokusho komqondisi omkhulu we-NBTA uMichael McCormick, "Umphakathi wezokuvakasha kwezamabhizinisi uyazi ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwezinqubo kuvame ukudingeka ukuze kubhekwane nezinkinga zokuphepha, futhi imithetho emisha izolindelwa futhi yamukelwe inqobo nje uma abahambi bebhizinisi bezokwazi ukufika lapho bedinga ukufika khona ngendlela ephumelelayo futhi ephephile. .” "Izinyathelo eziyinhloko abaphathi bezokuvakasha abazenzayo njengamanje ukuzibandakanya ezingxoxweni nabaphathi bezinga eliphezulu kanye nokuxhumana nabahambi bezinkampani zabo," kwengeza umongameli we-NBTA u-Craig Banikowski. Kepha uMcIndoe we-iJet uthe yize ukugcina abahambi benolwazi mayelana nemithetho nezidingo ezihlala zishintsha kuwumgomo ofanelekile, "sisebenza kuwo 24/7 futhi kunzima kakhulu." Ngokombono wabahlinzeki, uMcIndoe uthe izinkampani zezindiza zibhekene “nenkinga yenkonzo yamakhasimende. Badinga ukufinyelela emphakathini obanzi wezokuvakasha kwezamabhizinisi. Yibo okufanele ngabe basiza amakhasimende abo angcono kakhulu ukudlula esikhumulweni sezindiza [ngokunikeza isikhundla esiphakeme esiwanikeza ukufinyelela emigqeni yezokuphepha ebaluleke kakhulu], futhi abaningi bayakwenza lokho.” UMcIndoe uphinde waphakamisa ukuthi i-ACTE, i-NBTA kanye nomphakathi wokuvakasha wezinkampani uwonke kufanele ukhulume kakhulu mayelana nesiqondiso sokuphepha kwezindiza. “Kufanele bathi, 'Ekugcineni yithi esikhokhela izikweletu zazo zonke lezi zinto. Ingabe sisebenzisa imali ngokuhlakanipha kwezinye zalezi zinkinga?' " uthe. "Abantu baphelelwa ukholo ohlelweni uma bebona ukwehluleka okukhulu eminyakeni eyi-10 ukusuka ku-2001." Ukuskena Ngomzimba Ogcwele Isibonelo, uMcIndoe uncome ukuthi i-TSA kanye ne-US Customs and Border Protection ziqinisekise ukuthi zithenga futhi zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bamuva (kunokuba izikena zomzimba ebezingeke zithole ukuqhuma kwendiza yaseNyakatho-ntshonalanga ngoSuku LukaKhisimusi) futhi zisebenzise. ngendlela “ecatshangelwayo,” ehlosiwe. “Ngingumsekeli wokwenza iphrofayili yezokuphepha kwabahambi,” kusho uMcIndoe, “kodwa ngokusekelwe ezicini okungamelwe zibe ubuhlanga, ubuzwe kanye nenkolo. [Umhlaseli osolwa ngoSuku lukaKhisimusi] ukhokhe imali, ubengaphethe mthwalo, [ekuqaleni] uvela esikhumulweni sezindiza enamandla okuvikeleka okuncane, njll.–zonke izici okufanele ngabe zishiwo, 'thumela lo mfana kulayini wokuqala.' Kodwa angiboni neyodwa yaleyo ngxoxo eqhubekayo. Esikhundleni salokho, ngibona i-[TSA] ithenga inqwaba yezinto zokusebenza ukuze iveze umbono kunokuba iqinise ezokuphepha ngempela esikhumulweni sezindiza.”
Ukuwela kabanzi esigabeni sezithwebuli ezigcwele umzimba wonke (noma ukuthwebula umzimba wonke), okokusebenza kuhloswe ukuthola izinto eziyingozi kanye nezinto ebezingeke zembulwe yizitholi zensimbi ezejwayelekile. E-United States, i-TSA ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezimbili zezithwebuli ezigcwele umzimba wonke: “ubuchwepheshe begagasi bemilimitha” obusebenzisa amaza omsakazo “asezingeni eliphansi” kanye “nobuchwepheshe be-backscatter” obusebenzisa ama-X-ray “asezingeni eliphansi,” ngokusho kombiko. I-TSA.
Inqwaba yale mishini isivele isetshenziswa ezikhumulweni zezindiza eziyi-19 zase-US, ngokusho kwe-TSA. Kodwa naphezu kwenketho yokuthi abahambi abaningi bathole ukushaywa umzimba kunokuba badlule eziskeneni zomzimba, ubuchwepheshe buye bagxeka kakhulu okuhlobene nokuphulwa kobumfihlo kanye neminye imibuzo mayelana nokukhathazeka kwezempilo okubangelwa ukuchayeka kuma-X ray neminye imisebe.
"Kufanele sigxile ekuphenyweni okusekelwe ebufakazini, okuhlosiwe futhi okuklanyelwe kancane okusekelwe ekusoleni komuntu ngamunye, okuzohambisana kakhulu nezindinganiso zethu futhi kuphumelele kakhulu kunokuphambukisa izinsiza ohlelweni lokusola okukhulu," ngokusho kwesitatimende sikaJan. okubangelwa ummeli wenqubomgomo yezokuphepha kuzwelonke ye-American Civil Liberties Union uMichael German. Ecaphuna “ochwepheshe bezokuphepha,” uJalimane wanezela ukuthi isiqhumane esisetshenziswa ngoSuku LukaKhisimusi “sasingeke sibonwe yimishini yokuthwebula umzimba. Akufanele sidele amalungelo ethu ngenxa yombono ongamanga wokulondeka, futhi kufanele sikuxwaye ukudayiswa umshini owethulwa njengekhambi lokuqeda konke, ikakhulukazi lapho ubufakazi bubonisa okuphambene.”
Abanye abavakashi abavamile abaphawula emabhodini emilayezo afana ne-FlyerTalk, kanye nemibiko embalwa yabezindaba, baveze ukungaqiniseki ngomthelela wezempilo ongaba khona. Ngokwesizindalwazi se-TSA, “amandla aqanjwa ubuchwepheshe be-millimeter wave angaphansi ngokuphindwe ka-10,000 kunamaselula. Ubuchwepheshe be-backscatter busebenzisa i-X-ray yezinga eliphansi, kanti ukuskena okukodwa kufana nemizuzu emibili yokundiza endizeni.”
I-American College of Radiology kule nyanga yathi “umgibeli wendiza ondiza enqamula izwe uchayeke emisebeni eminingi evela endizeni kunalapho ehlolwa ngomunye wale mishini. I-ACR ayibazi noma yibuphi ubufakazi bokuthi noma yibuphi ubuchwepheshe bokuskena obucutshungulwa yi-TSA buzoletha imiphumela ebalulekile yezinto eziphilayo kubagibeli abahloliwe.” Yize ethe “ayikho isayensi eqinisekile” efakazela ukuthi izithwebuli ezigcwele umzimba wonke ziphephe ngokuphelele noma aziphephile nganoma iyiphi indlela, uMcIndoe we-iJet uthe, “Okubalulekile wukuthi akekho umuntu ohamba ngokwanele ukuthi azothola amazinga okuchayeka ukuphila kwabo lokho [kungaba yingozi]. Izinkampani zizobheka uhulumeni njengonomthwalo wemfanelo wanoma yiziphi izexwayiso zezempilo ezifanele eduze kwalezi zinhlelo, ezihlobene nama-pacemaker, nanoma yini engase ilimale, njengefilimu edlula emishinini ye-X-ray. Izinkampani ngeke zikubheke lokhu njengomthwalo wazo.”
I-ACTE, i-NBTA kanye ne-Air Line Pilots Association aziphendulanga izicelo zolwazi mayelana nokuthi baphenye yini umthelela wezempilo ongaba khona kubahambi abavamile beskena somzimba. Ngokusho kwe-ACTE, amaphesenti angu-62 abaphendulile athi akholelwa ukuthi izikena ezigcwele umzimba "zizothuthukisa kancane" ukuphepha kokuhamba emoyeni, kanti amanye amaphesenti angu-28 athi akholelwa ukuthi amadivaysi "azothuthukisa kakhulu" ukuphepha. Lapho bebuzwa ukuthi abahambi bezinkampani zabo bayakuphikisa yini ukuskena umzimba wonke, abangamaphesenti angu-13 baphendule ngokuthi “yebo” kanti abangamaphesenti angu-53 bathi “abanye bangakwenza.” Amaphesenti ayishumi nesithupha athi “cha,” amanye angaqiniseki. Amadivayisi Okuhlola Engeziwe Ayeza Ngokwencwadi ka-2008 eyathunyelwa kubhulogi ye-TSA, izithombe ezikhiqizwe izikena ezigcwele umzimba “zinobungane ngokwanele ukuba zingathunyelwa esikoleni sojahidada. Heck, ingenza ngisho nekhava ye-Reader's Digest futhi ingacasuli muntu.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzi ababuka izithombe ezikhiqizwe izithwebuli zomzimba “abamboni umgibeli,” ngokwengosi ye-TSA. Amadivayisi “afiphalisa zonke izici zobuso” futhi “awakwazi ukugcina, ukuphrinta, ukudlulisa noma ukugcina isithombe.” I-TSA iphinde yaphawula ukuthi "ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-98 abagibeli abahlangabezana nalobu buchwepheshe ngesikhathi sabashayeli bezindiza be-TSA bakhetha bona kunezinye izinketho zokuhlola." Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisikhombisa nesishiyagalombili abantu abadala base-US ababambe iqhaza kunhlolovo yangoJan. 5-6 ye-USA Today/Gallup bathi bagunyaza ukusetshenziswa kwezikena ezigcwele umzimba wonke.
I-Los Angeles Business Travel Association yacela “ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kobuchwepheshe bokuskena umzimba wonke ezikhumulweni zezindiza emhlabeni wonke,” ithi ukuthunyelwa okunjalo “cishe kuzosheshisa inqubo yezokuphepha ngokuqeda isidingo sokuthulula amaphakethe omuntu.” E-United States, izikena zisebenza njengezihloli eziyinhloko ezikhumulweni zezindiza e-Albuquerque, NM, Las Vegas, Miami, Salt Lake City, San Francisco naseTulsa, Okla., kanye “nokuhlola okwesibili, noma okungahleliwe, njengenye indlela yokushaya kancane. ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezingu-13,” ngokwe-Web site ye-TSA.
I-TSA–akanaye umholi njengoba i-US Congress ibheka lowo oqokwe nguMongameli u-Barack Obama, u-Erroll Southers–“ihlela ukusebenzisa okungenani amayunithi engeziwe angama-300 ngo-2010,” ngokoMnyango Wezokuphepha Wasekhaya wase-US. Lokho kuyingxenye yalokho u-Obama ngeledlule akuchaza ngokuthi utshalomali “lwe-$1 bhiliyoni” kwezokuvikela zezindiza, okuhlanganisa nobuchwepheshe obuningi bokuhlola imithwalo nezinye izithuthukisi zokubona ukuqhuma.
IKomidi Lethimba LeSenate laseMelika Lezokuphepha Nezindaba Zikahulumeni ngomhlaka-20 Jan. lihlela ukubiza ukulalelwa kwecala mayelana nezokuphepha zezindiza. “Kungani abagibeli bezindiza abandizela e-US bengahlolisiswa kusizindalwazi esibanzi samaphekula, futhi kungani kungenabo ubuchwepheshe bokuskena umzimba wonke obungakwazi ukubona iziqhumane ezisetshenziswa kabanzi?” kubuza usihlalo wekomidi uJoe Lieberman, ID-Conn., esitatimendeni esilungisiwe.
Kwenye indawo, uNgqongqoshe wezokuThutha eCanada uJohn Baird uthe kuzofakwa izithwebuli ezigcwele umzimba wonke “ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu zaseCanada” kule nyanga, ngokwesitatimende esilungisiwe. Uhulumeni waseCanada futhi “maduze uzokhipha isicelo seziphakamiso zokubhekwa kokuziphatha kwabagibeli ukuze kuhlolwe abagibeli (okugxilwe kubagibeli ababonisa ukuziphatha okusolisayo) ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu zaseCanada.”
Ngokwemibiko eshicilelwe, iBrithani nayo izothumela izithwebuli zomzimba. Ungqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi u-Alan Johnson utshele iPhalamende ukuthi lezi zinsimbi zizosetshenziswa esikhumulweni sezindiza iLondon Heathrow ngaphambi kokuphela kwenyanga bese “zethulwa kabanzi,” ngokusho kweReuters.
Umongameli waseFrance uNicolas Sarkozy, ngakolunye uhlangothi, “uyalele ukuba kwenziwe ucwaningo lokuthi kungenzeka kusetshenziswe imishini yokuthwebula umzimba wonke ezikhumulweni zezindiza zaseFrance” ngokwe-Associated Press. E-Netherlands, "uNgqongqoshe Wezobulungiswa wayenqume ... ukuthi afake ngokushesha isithwebuli somzimba ezinqubweni zokuphepha e-Schiphol [Isikhumulo Sezindiza e-Amsterdam] ezindizeni eziya e-United States," ngokwesitatimende sikahulumeni. Ngaphezu kwezinyathelo ezintsha esezivele zikhona, uNobhala we-DHS uJanet Napolitano umemezele ukubambisana phakathi kwe-DHS kanye noMnyango Wezamandla wase-US “ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuchwepheshe obusha nobusebenza ngempumelelo ukuze kunqandwe futhi kuphazamise izinsongo ezaziwayo kanye nokulindela nokuvikela izindlela ezintsha amaphekula angazisebenzisa. ufuna ukugibela indiza.”
UNapolitano kule nyanga uzoya eSpain naseSwitzerland ukuyohlangana nozakwabo base-Europe kanye nabaholi bezimboni zezindiza “ochungechungeni lokuqala lwemihlangano yomhlaba wonke okuhloswe ngayo ukuletha ukuvumelana okubanzi ngezindinganiso nezinqubo zokuphepha zezindiza zamazwe ngamazwe,” ngokusho kwe-DHS.
UNapolitano uphinde wathumela ezinye izikhulu eziphezulu ze-DHS “emzamweni obanzi wokuxhumana namazwe ngamazwe wokuhlangana nabaholi abavela ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe e-Afrika, e-Asia, eYurophu, eMpumalanga Ephakathi naseNingizimu Melika ukuze babuyekeze izinqubo zokuphepha nobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ukuhlola abagibeli abaya e-US. izindiza.”
