I-Troll Research Station, e-Antarctica - Iqembu eligqoke ipaki longqongqoshe bezemvelo lifike kuleli gumbi elikude lezwekazi elineqhwa ngoMsombuluko, ngezinsuku zokugcina zesizini eshubile yocwaningo lwesimo sezulu, ukuze lifunde kabanzi ngokuthi i-Antarctica encibilika ingayibeka kanjani engozini iplanethi. .
Abamele abavela emazweni angaphezu kweshumi nambili, okuhlanganisa i-US, i-China, iBrithani neRussia, bebezohlangana esiteshini sokucwaninga saseNorway nososayensi baseMelika nabaseNorway bengena emlenzeni wokugcina wamamayela ayi-1,400 (2,300-kilometer), amabili- uhambo lwenyanga phezu kweqhwa ukusuka eSouth Pole.
Izivakashi zizothola “isipiliyoni sokuzibonela mayelana nobukhulu bezwekazi lase-Antarctic kanye neqhaza lalo ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke,” kusho umhleli walo mkhankaso, uMnyango Wezemvelo WaseNorway.
Bazophinde bafunde ngokungaqiniseki okukhulu okukhungethe ucwaningo lwaleli zwekazi eliseningizimu kakhulu nokuxhumana kwalo nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke: Kungakanani ukufudumala kwe-Antarctica? Lingakanani iqhwa elincibilika olwandle? Ingawakhuphula kangakanani amazinga olwandle emhlabeni wonke?
Izimpendulo zinzima kangangokuthi i-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), inethiwekhi yezesayensi ye-UN eyazuza umklomelo kaNobel, yakhipha usongo olungaba khona oluvela ezindaweni ezishisayo ezingxenyeni zeqhwa ekubaleni ekuhloleni kwayo okugunyaziwe kuka-2007 kokufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
Isibikezelo se-IPCC sokuthi ulwandle lungase lukhuphuke lufike kuma-intshi angu-23 (amamitha angu-0.59) kuleli khulu leminyaka, kusukela ekwandeni kokushisa nokuncibilika kweqhwa, uma umhlaba ungenzi lutho ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwesikhutha namanye amagesi abamba ukushisa okuthiwa abangela ukufudumala komkhathi.
Kepha iphaneli ye-UN ayizange icabangele i-Antarctica neGreenland, njengoba ukuxhumana komkhathi nolwandle nezitolo zabo ezinkulu zeqhwa - i-Antarctica inamaphesenti angama-90 eqhwa lomhlaba - akuqondakali kahle. Kodwa nokho iqhwa eliseNtshonalanga ye-Antarctic, ezinye zezinguzunga zeqhwa ezithela iqhwa ngesivinini esisheshayo olwandle, “lingaba iphuzu eliyingozi kunazo zonke kuleli khulu leminyaka,” kusho isazi sesimo sezulu sase-United States esiphambili, uJames Hansen weNASA.
"Kunethuba lokukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle ngamamitha ambalwa," kusho uHansen etshela i-Associated Press ngeledlule. Lesi simo “siyesabeka,” kusho usosayensi omkhulu we-IPCC, uRajendra Pachauri, owahlangana nongqongqoshe eKapa ngaphambi kokuthatha uhambo lwamahora angu-XNUMX ngendiza besuka eNingizimu Afrika.
Ukuthola izimpendulo kube ukhiye onyakeni ka-2007-2009 we-International Polar Year (IPY), ukugqugquzelwa kososayensi abayizi-10,000 kanye nabanye abangu-40,000 abavela emazweni angaphezu kuka-60 abenza ucwaningo olujulile lwe-Arctic ne-Antarctic kulezi zikhathi ezimbili ezidlule zasehlobo eziseningizimu - eqhweni, olwandle, ngesikebhe sokuphihliza iqhwa, umkhumbi-ngwenya kanye nesathelayithi yokugada.
I-Norwegian-American Scientific Traverse enamalungu angu-12 yase-East Antarctica - abahambi "beza ekhaya" e-Troll - bekuyingxenye ebalulekile yalowo msebenzi, bebhoboze ama-cores ajulile ezingqimbeni zaminyaka yonke zeqhwa kule ndawo engahlolisiswa kancane, ukuze kunqunywe. lingakanani iqhwa eliwile ngokomlando kanye nokwakheka kwalo.
Umsebenzi onjalo uzohlanganiswa nenye iphrojekthi ye-IPY, umzamo ophelele wokwenza imephu nge-radar yesathelayithi “izinkambu zejubane” zawo wonke amashidi eqhwa e-Antarctic ehlobo ehlobo amabili edlule, ukuhlola ukuthi iqhwa liphushwa ngokushesha kangakanani olwandle oluzungezile.
Khona-ke ososayensi bangase baqonde kangcono “ibhalansi yobuningi” - ukuthi iqhwa, elisuka ekuhwamukeni kolwandle, lisusa kangakanani iqhwa olwandle.
"Asinaso isiqiniseko sokuthi i-East Antarctic ice sheet yenzani," uDavid Carlson, umqondisi we-IPY, wachaza ngesonto eledlule emahhovisi ohlelo eCambridge, eNgilandi. “Kubukeka sengathi igeleza kancane. Ngakho-ke lokho kuhambisana nokuqongelela? Abazobuya nakho kuzobaluleka kakhulu ekuqondeni inqubo.”
Ongqongqoshe bezemvelo abebevakashile bekungabase-Algeria, eBrithani, eCongo, eCzech Republic, eFinland, eNorway naseSweden. Amanye amazwe abemelwe ngabenzi benqubomgomo yesimo sezulu kanye nabaxoxisana nabo, okuhlanganisa u-Xie Zhenhua waseChina kanye noDan Reifsnyder, iphini likanobhala wezwe laseMelika.
Phakathi nosuku lwazo olude lapha ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga kwamahora angu-17 ehlobo elishonayo eliseningizimu, lapho amazinga okushisa elokhu ehla aze afike ku-zero Fahrenheit (-20 degrees Celsius), izivakashi zasenyakatho zabuka izinto ezimangalisayo zeNdlovukazi iMaud Land, indawo eyiqhwa evilaphayo nenezintaba. Amamayela angu-3,000 (amakhilomitha angu-5,000) eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeNingizimu Afrika, futhi wavakashela i-Troll Research Station yaseNorway yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ethuthukisiwe yaba ukusebenza unyaka wonke ngo-2005.
Ipolitiki yesimo sezulu ixubene nesayensi. Besalele eKapa ezinsukwini ezimbili ezengeziwe lapho imimoya ephezulu yase-Antarctic ihlasela indiza ebihleliwe ngempelaviki, ongqongqoshe banxenxwa ngesineke esidlweni sasemini kanye nesidlo sakusihlwa ngozakwabo baseScandinavia bethanda isinyathelo esiphuthumayo esivumelwaneni esisha somhlaba ukuze kuphumelele i-Kyoto Protocol, isivumelwano sokunciphisa amagesi abamba ukushisa. esiphelelwa yisikhathi ngo-2012.
Umbuso omusha kaMengameli uBarack Obama wase-US uthembise ukuthi kuzothathwa izinyathelo ngemuva kweminyaka i-US iphikisana nenqubo yase-Kyoto. Kodwa inkimbinkimbi yezinkinga nesikhathi esilinganiselwe ngaphambi kwengqungquthela yase-Copenhagen ngoDisemba, usuku okuhloswe ngalo isivumelwano, kwenza umphumela ungaqiniseki njengekusasa lezinguzunga zeqhwa e-Antarctica namashalofu eqhwa asogwini lolwandle.
Luningi olunye ucwaningo olusazokwenziwa, kusho ososayensi, okuhlanganisa nophenyo lokungase kube nokufudumala nokuguquguquka kwemisinga ye-Southern Ocean ekhala i-Antarctica. “Kumele sibeke izinsiza ezengeziwe,” kusho uCarlson we-IPY.
Ososayensi abakhuluma ngokungagwegwesi bathi isenzo sezombangazwe singase sidingeke ngokukhulu ukushesha.
"Siphelelwe yingqondo uma sivumela leyo nqubo iqale," kusho u-Hansen mayelana nokuqubuka kwe-Antarctic. "Ngoba ngeke kube khona ukukumisa."
