- Lapho kufika izikhukhula, zicekela phansi amasimu, izindlu, ingqalasizinda yomphakathi, nokuphila kwabantu, amavolontiya aseduze nakude aphuthuma ukuyosiza ngenxa yezinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi.
- Abantu banikele ngenhliziyo yonke.
- Ezindaweni ezicekelwe phansi imililo yequbula, abacimi bomlilo abanesibindi, ngokuvamile ababengaphansi kwamandla ezivunguvungu ngokungenathemba, babelwa ubusuku nemini, baze bakhathala ngokuphelele.
Ngokuphazima kweso, ukuzazisa, i-hedonism kanye nezindawo zokunethezeka, ngaphandle kwalokho kucatshangelwa njengezimpawu zokungaziphathi kahle, kwazizwa sengathi uxoshiwe, unikeza enye indlela ngaphandle kwesifiso sokuthanda umakhelwane wakho. Ama-Cataclysm adala eyawo imithetho. Isikhathi sokuthula sithole amaqhawe aso, futhi ezikhathini zengozi nezinhlekelele abantu bangakhombisa olunye uhlangothi lwabo - kungaba ngcono kakhulu.
Umsebenzi unzima, izithiyo zingokoqobo, ukuba nethemba kubalulekile, nokho. Izimo eziphuthumayo zivame ukuqala - futhi ngokushesha - usizo, kanti intuthuko ekhula kancane kancane ishodelwe ukuqwashisa abantu ngokugcwele ukuze kubangele isinyathelo esisheshayo. Izimpahla, ezizuzwe kancane kancane, zizothatha isikhathi sazo ukuze zithele izithelo, kuyilapho amathuba ompetha 'acwebezelayo' asalindile.
Ngokuvamile, ubuqhawe ngesikhathi sokuthula kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo kungase kungabi umbukwane, kodwa kungabi yigugu kangako (“i-heroic pacifism ngokungangabazeki iyacatshangelwa,” kusho. Albert Einstein). Ukuthula akukona umuntu ozenzela umathanda; ukuthula kungumphumela wezenzo zethu. Akudingekile ukusho ukuthi lokhu kunikeza inselele yangempela kubaphathi be-Travel & Tourism njengochwepheshe bezokuxhumana ukuze basebenze!
Njengabahambi, sikhokha imali yamaholide ethu. Lokho kusho ukuthi siyakwazisa ukujabulela amaholide ethu ngaphezu kwemali esiyikhokhele lokho. Kufanele sazi ngelungelo lokuba izivakashi zabasivakashi. Ukuziphatha komphakathi kuyisihluthulelo sokuphilisana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma thina - njengababungazi - sinomuzwa wokuthi umoya wokungenisa izihambi esiwunikeza izivakashi zethu usongela ekugcineni njengohlobo lokuthatha okunonya kwabantu esingabazi, khona-ke ukuzethemba kwethu emphakathini kwephulwa kakhulu. Ukudala ukwephulwa nokungazwani kungenye indlela yokudala ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.
'Iso' lethu lokuqaphela imvelo nozwela lomuntu lidinga ukucijiswa, ukuze sazi ukuthi yini enhle kokubili 'indawo yethu engokwenyama (yangaphandle) kanye neyengqondo (yangaphakathi).' Kunokuthula kuphela, uma kugxilile ngaphakathi kwethu njengabantu ngabanye, abazizwa benesithunzi komunye nomunye. I-Travel & Tourism ihlinzeka ngesiteji somhlaba jikelele sokuhle - noma okubi - ukuzijwayeza. Omunye wake wathi, kufana neso elingakwazi ukuzibona. Ingase ifunde ukwazisa umbono wayo endaweni yayo, efana nethalente elithuthukayo lomthwebuli wezithombe.
Uma sibheka isimangalo seTourism sokundiza phezulu sokuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwamazwe ngamazwe, singase sithole: Okubi kakhulu iwumgunyathi (isb. uhambo oluhlanganisa konke!), okungcono kakhulu kuwukufisa. Kufunza inganekwane eyabiwa ngababambe iqhaza yokuthi ubandlululo luzoshabalala, futhi kuvusa ithemba elithulile esinalo thina, abahambi, lokuthi lokhu ngeke kwenzeke, futhi singakwazi ukumela imibono yethu esezingeni. Kunokuba sihlangane nabantu bendawo, sihlangana nabantu bakithi. Umthelela ohlosiwe wokuya phezulu ekuqondeni kwamazwe ngamazwe mncane kakhulu: Naphezu kokujoyina ohambweni lokubuka indawo, ukujabulela ubuciko bokupheka bomsingathi noma ukuphequlula ezindaweni zokuthenga ezimibalabala, oxhumana nabo abaningi eholidini abavamile futhi abayitoho kuphela. Ziyanyamalala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba nje ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka izinkolelo-ze zokuvakasha.
Ukubukeka kwangaphandle kwe-'Tourism Unlimited' kuvelile ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zomphakathi ebezihluke kakhulu ziye zafiphala noma zaqedwa nya. Izindawo zamaholide ezike zabhekwa njengekhethekile manje ziyanikezwa kunoma iyiphi ikhathalogi noma iwebhusayithi.
Ezinye izindawo zidlule oguqukweni olumangazayo, ngokwesibonelo i-Baden-Baden: Eyake yabizwa 'njengenhloko-dolobha yasehlobo yaseYurophu,' lapho abacebile nabahle babezenzela eyabo 'iVanity Fair,' idolobha le-spa namuhla liyindawo yokululama futhi ukuphila kahle ngisho nakumakhasimende kwezenhlalakahle. - Noma khetha i-Madeira, lapho ezikhungweni zezempilo ezihlonishwayo endaweni enesimo sezulu esipholile, amazinga aphezulu omhlaba ake alulama: Namuhla isifunda-sesiqhingi siyindawo yokuvakasha kanye nephakheji.
Okubaluleke nakakhulu, indaba yaseVenice: Ihlonishwa njengeGugu Lomhlaba le-UN, iVenice ihlaselwe kuze kube muva nje izivakashi zesikhashana ezivela emikhunjini emikhulu esongela ukwakheka kwedolobha elisechwebeni kanye nokuzola kwabantu bendawo. Abantu bendawo bathathe lolu hlobo lokuhlasela njengokuhlasela - edolobheni labo kanye nempilo yabo yomphakathi.
Isimo kwenye indawo sibukeka sifana: I-Angkor, eyake yaba idolobha elikhazimulayo lethempeli lamaHindu-Buddhist lamakhosi amaKhmer, yaqala ukubola kusukela ngekhulu le-15 kuqhubeke futhi yashabalala. Kukholakala ukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu (!) kanye namahubri abantu kwaletha ukuwa kwe-Angkor.
Kuphela ngekhulu le-19 abahloli bamazwe baseFrance bathola amanxiwa futhi balethe i-Angkor emini. Ngemva kweMpi YaseVietnam, i-Khmer Rouges yamaKhomanisi yabanqoba. Namuhla, i-Khmer Rouges isihambile, futhi "izindimbane zezinkawu nezivakashi" (uChristopher Clark, isazi-mlando sase-Australia) ziphinde zawaphinda amanxiwa ethempeli ahlaba umxhwele e-Angkor Vat kanye ne-Angkor Thom.
Ku-'Expansion du tourisme,' uNksz Anita Pleumaon we-Tourism Investigation & Monitoring Team (ithimba le-tim-tim) ufingqa: “Izindinganiso zesimanje, ezibekwe emiphakathini yase-Asia ethuthuka ngokushesha, zibonakala zibangele imiphumela elimaza kakhulu nomuzwa wokuphazamiseka, ukwehlukana, ukuxokozela kanye nokungaqondi. Inqubo yokuhweba nokuhlanganisa abantu ndawonye kanye nokusakazwa okukhulu kwemibono emisha, izithombe nolwazi kwashiya isikhala esincane emasikweni, ekukhulumeni kwamasiko, ezimisweni zomndeni kanye nasemphakathini.” Ingabe indlela yethu yokuya endaweni yakha inkemba esika-kabili njengoba ingqondo yayo nendlela yayo ilandela amaphethini esitayela sasentshonalanga? Ingabe kukhona ukufana phakathi kwemizamo yethu ephoqayo 'yokwakha indawo' kanye nomqondo wangemva kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi 'wokwakha isizwe'?
Ubufakazi obunonya kakhulu bokungahambisani kwentando yeningi yesitayela sasentshonalanga kanye nokwakhiwa kwesizwe bungabonakala e-Afghanistan. I-Afghanistan, ngeminyaka yawo-1960 kanye nama-70s indawo ethokozisayo yokuvakasha kanye nezulu labashiya phansi abavela eYurophu, yayilungiselele ngempumelelo isisekelo sokunqotshwa kwemibuso yomhlaba emibili: ibutho lamaSoviet ngo-1989 kanye namasosha e-NATO aholwa yi-US ngo-August 2021. AmaSoviet, i-Afghanistan yayiwumdlalo nje wamandla, e-US kanye ne-NATO kwakuyisikhungo esihlonziwe sobushokobezi bamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokucasha kuka-Osama Bin Laden, amaphekula aphezulu ngo-9/11.
Inhloso yokungenelela kwamasosha e-US-NATO kwakuwukuketula uhulumeni wangaleso sikhathi weTaliban futhi kubanjwe uBin Laden. Yomibili le mishini yafezwa, kodwa inselele ekhazimulayo yaheha umfelandawonye waseNtshonalanga ukuthi "uhlale isikhashana," ukuze uhlanganise i-Afghanistan njengentando yeningi yesitayela saseNtshonalanga. Le nhloso yehlulekile ngokuhlazisayo, amasosha aseTaliban abuya futhi aphoqa i-US kanye ne-NATO ukuthi ishiye i-Afghanistan harum scarum - abaningi abashonile, abalimele noma abahlukumezekile, kusetshenziswe izigidigidi zamaRandi, kanye nokungabaza okukhulu okusele. Bafinyelela umvuthwandaba ngombuzo waphakade kodwa ongakaphendulwa: Kwenzelwani?
Izikhumbuzo ezidabukisayo zeMpi yaseVietnam seziphinde zavela. Izithombe zokuphunyuka okumangalisayo kwezindiza ezinophephela emhlane zisuka ophahleni lwaseSaigon ngo-1975 zaqoshwa ngo-2021, zayiswa ezithombeni zokuphakama kwesibhakabhaka esisuka esikhumulweni sezindiza saseKabul, kugcwele abantu abaphelelwe yithemba, abanye babo bebambelele endaweni engaphansi yendiza futhi bewa…
Ubani onecala? Ubani othatha isibopho? Kuthiwani ngezifundo ezifundiwe?
Abanomthwalo wemfanelo yibo bonke ababengakwazi ukuqonda noma ukwenqaba ukwamukela izifundo okufanele ngabe sebezifundile ngaphambili: okokuqala, amaphethini omphakathi kanye nezindlela zokuphila ezingokwenhlalo azikwazi ukudluliselwa kwabanye ngenkani - akukho ndawo futhi hhayi nhlobo e-Afghanistan; okwesibili, umsebenzi wamasosha uwukulwa, hhayi ukwakha izikole, izibhedlela, nokugenca imithombo; okwesithathu, amaphrojekthi ezempi kanye nawomphakathi adinga umbono oqinile futhi onqunyiwe ngesikhathi, noma inhloso okufanele yenziwe imbangela yawo wonke umuntu - hhayi nje izinqubo ezihloswe kahle ezinenhloso evulekile kanye nemikhonyovu eminingi ephakeme; phambili, ubudlelwano obuxubene phakathi kwezicukuthwane zakuleli kanye nabalingani bangaphandle bunomkhuba oqinile wokuqhubekisela phambili ukucwasana kanye nenkohlakalo. Lolu hlobo 'lwezinto eziyingozi zokuxhumanisa' luzoholela ezingxabanweni noma ezimpini futhi ludale isiphithiphithi esinqunu ekugcineni.
Ezikhathini eziningi, ngemva kokuzibophezela kwezempi okunenhliziyo embi nokho isikhathi eside, ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kozakwethu bangaphandle kubonakala kusishiya isimo - ngokuhlangenwe nakho okuphindaphindiwe kwendiza eyihlazo, kunokuhamba okuhlelekile, kodwa manje ngethemba ngesifundo esiyinhloko esitholiwe: ukugcina. ezindabeni zangaphakathi zamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi lapho ukuhlukana kwezenhlalo namasiko kunzima kakhulu ukukugwema. Umbhali wesiNgisi nesiDashi u-Ian Buruma ubhekisa 'kumgibe wamakoloni' amandla amakhulu athambekele ekuweleni kuwo, ngaleso sikhathi namanje.
Ingabe kusekude kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-thesis 'yomgibe wamakoloni' kuma-NGO wosizo lwentuthuko? Usizo lokuthuthukisa ukuphikisa okubhekene nalo ikakhulukazi luqondise uhlamvu olungapheli lwamaphrojekthi amaningi obuchwepheshe, anezinhloso ezindiza phezulu kodwa imiphumela emincane ebonakalayo kuphela. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ochwepheshe bakwamanye amazwe bangase basebenze ngokuzuzisayo hhayi nje kuphela njengabasekeli nabaqeqeshi, kodwa futhi njengabalamuli abathembekile phakathi kwamaqembu ezithakazelo zendawo aphikisanayo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha kokuqukethwe kwakho okuhlukahlukene kanye nemingcele kukhululekile. Maye, isilingo singokoqobo sokuthi umuntu uhileleka kakhulu ezindabeni zangaphakathi zezwe elisingathayo, futhi ukuhamba kochwepheshe kungase kubone ngeso lengqondo iqiniso lokuthi usephenduke ingxenye yenkinga, kunesixazululo sayo.
Ngokuvamile kuyancomeka kakhulu ukuphimisa amagama ngokucacile kodwa uma kubhekwa umbono oyindida wokufana kwe-etymological 'wezokuvakasha' kanye 'nobuphekula,' ukuthuka kungase kubulale: Ezokuvakasha ziyayithanda inkululeko, ubuphekula budinga inzondo. Ezokuvakasha, ngenkulumo yazo embi kakhulu, zingase zibulale isiko lendawo kancane, kuyilapho ubuphekula bubulala ngokushesha, kokubili okuqondiswe kubo noma ngokungahleliwe, ngaphandle kwesihe, kodwa ngeTourism njengesinye sezisulu zabo zokuqala.
Ezokuvakasha azikwazi ukuqhakaza, lapho ubuphekula budlangile, Ezokuvakasha zidinga ukuthula. Singasho kanjani ukuthi i-Travel & Tourism inegalelo ngempumelelo ekudaleni nasekugcineni ukuthula? Ngabe ukhona owake wezwa ngeqhaza elikhulu inhlangano yezokuVakasha, ngokubambisana nabanye, eselidlalile, emzamweni wokugcina, sithi, i-Afghanistan izwe elinokuthula futhi elibekezelelayo kanye nendawo yezokuvakasha, ngendlela eyayivame ukuba yiyo ngeminyaka yamashumi ayisithupha?
Emashumini amabili eminyaka ngemva kwempi, iVietnam isiyindawo ekhangayo yokuhamba, ngisho nombuso wamaKhomanisi esimweni sobunxiwankulu (!), kanye nobudlelwano obunobungane ne-US kanye nomhlaba. Izingxoxo zezombangazwe, ukuxhumana kwezinkampani zamabhizinisi, kanye nokuvakasha okungokomlando kukaMongameli uClinton ngo-2000 kwenza ubudlelwano bukahulumeni nomkhakha webhizinisi bube bujwayelekile. I-Travel & Tourism yayilandela okufanayo, nokho izinyathelo ezandulele okungenzeka zibonise ukuzinikela UNWTO or WTTC kunzima ukuzikhumbula.
Singakwazi yini ukuthatha iVietnam njengepulani elinesibindi 'lokujwayela' kobudlelwano ne-Afghanistan Emirate? Singalindela ukuvakasha kwasezintabeni okumangalisayo e-Hindu Kush futhi ngeminyaka yawo-2040 - nama-Islamist Taliban njengabaqondisi bokuvakasha abanobungane?
Uhlanya ngokwanele, umuntu angase acabange, enikina ikhanda - iminyaka engamashumi amabili ngemva kweMpi YaseVietnam, uSamuel P. Huntington washicilela i-blockbuster yakhe yezombangazwe ethi 'The Clash of Civilizations.' Umbono kaHuntington wokuthi izimpi zesikhathi esizayo ngeke zilwe phakathi kwamazwe kodwa amasiko, okuholela ezingxoxweni eziyimpikiswano - kanye nokuvela kabusha kwe-'Dialogue Among Civilizations, 'inkolelo-mbono ephikisana nefilosofi yase-Austria uHans Köchler ayivikela ngo-1972, encwadini eyayibhalelwe i-UNESCO kanye wasala engasekho.
Ingabe lesi simo angeke sikuthethelele ukugxambukela kwe-Travel & Tourism, nezinhlangano zayo eziphakeme UNWTO futhi WTTC, ukusiza ukuvuselela inkhulumomphendvulwano phakathi 'kwempucuko,' ngokusebenzisa imidiya efanayo neyedijithali, ngokusobala nanamandla, egameni lombono wokwenza “Ukuthula Ngezokuvakasha – nakuba kungekuphela nje”?
Umlayezo ufuna ukufakwa kozakwethu abanomqondo ofanayo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-Travel & Tourism, ukuze bahlangane emcabangweni nasesenzweni. Kungagqugquzelwa imibono kaLouis D'Amore emenyezelwa futhi ngentshiseko futhi yavikelwa njengomsunguli noMongameli wesikhathi eside 'International Institute for Peace through Tourism.
Hhayi-ke, ukuphupha akube yilungelo labanethemba lokuhle nokuhlekisa isikhali sabangenamandla - abanamandla bazoba nezabo izindaba: Ngenkathi i-Russian Bear isiluleme ekuhlangenwe nakho kwayo 'yase-Afghanistan' futhi yazilungisa futhi, i-US Eagle kanye ne-transatlantic yayo. ama-hummingbirds asamatasa ngokukhotha amanxeba emsebenzini wawo ongaphumelelanga. Idrako YaseShayina ayikwazi kodwa izitike ekujabuleni okubi ngenxa yehlazo lezimbangi zayo zomhlaba wonke. Kubonakala sengathi umhlaba usuka eMpini Yomshoshaphansi ngaso leso sikhathi ungene e-Cold Peace. Lokho kusho okungaphezu nje kokuvikela ukulwa, nokho okwanele ukufaka engcupheni yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu 'esishisayo', mhlawumbe hhayi eduze 'kwemigqa yamaphutha' yamasiko ka-Huntington, nokho cishe ngokwehlukana okudala, okujwayelekile kweNtshonalanga-Mpumalanga. Kunzima ukweqa umqondo wokuthi ubumpumputhe bezepolitiki bungase buqalise “amaphethini, asuka ekubuyeni kwezehlakalo – kodwa ingxenye enkulu kuphela,” njengoba kwasho isazi sefilosofi uLeibniz. Yeka ukonakala kobuhlakani bezombangazwe kusukela kwanyamalala Ikhethini Lensimbi!
Kunenye inkolelo-mbono eyindida ngalezi zindlela: “Lapho uMuntu engena emhlabeni njengesigelekeqe, umhlaba uyomphoqelela ukuba aqhubeke ephila njengesigelekeqe. Lena impendulo yomhlaba, singasho ukuthi, ukuziphindiselela kwawo,” kusho uLudwig Fusshoeller kwethi 'Die Dämonen kehren wieder' ('The Return of the Daemons'). Izivakashi ezithathwa njengabangeneleli, zizophathwa kanjalo, kungaba izivakashi ezivamile, osomabhizinisi abafinyelela kude - noma amabutho akwamanye amazwe! – Singathini? 'Bye-bye ukwamukela isiko' ngeke kwanele.
Kudrama ka-Goethe enedumela elibi, umgomo wangempela ka-Faust unqunywa ukunqoba kwakhe siqu imvelo. Nokho, njengoba ezizwa ejabule kakhulu ngokufeza iphrojekthi yakhe yokuzazisa, ulahlekelwa ukubheja kwakhe ku-Mephisto futhi uyancenga: “Khona-ke, Okwamanje ngizolokotha ngithi: 'Hlala isikhashana! Umuhle kakhulu!'”
Uma sibheka iplanethi yethu namuhla, siyabona ukuthi 'izwe laseFaustian' selibuyile ngokusobala, kuyilapho ubukhazikhazi buphinde bugqoke kabusha ubukhazikhazi benkathi edlule kanye nesifiso esingaphelelwa isikhathi sabasingathi nezivakashi, sihambisana nesiqalekiso esibi salolu bhubhane - "Ukuhlala isikhathi eside..."
Umbhali, UMax Haberstroh, uyilungu elisungula le- World Tourism Network (WTN).
