Phakathi nokukhuphuka kukawoyela, ukwehla kwamandla emali kwenza amaSaudis azizwe empofu

ERIYADH, eSaudi Arabia - USultan al-Mazeen usanda kuma egalaji likaphethiloli ukuze agcwalise iSUV yakhe, ekhokha amasenti angu-45 ilitha - cishe ingxenye eyodwa kweshumi yalokho abaseMelika abakukhokhayo kulezi zinsuku.

Kepha uchwepheshe waseSaudi uthi abantu baseMelika akumele babe nomona. Ukwehla kwamandla emali okufinyelele eminyakeni engama-30 kukho konke okunye embusweni kwenza amaSaudi azizwe empofu naphezu kokuchithwa kwemali kawoyela.

“Ngitshela abantu baseMelika, bangabi nomona ngoba igesi ishibhile lapha,” kusho u-al-Mazeen, 36. “Sisesimweni esibi kakhulu kunakuqala.”

Nakuba abakwaSaudis bengabuzwa ubuhlungu empompini, babuzwa yonke indawo, bekhokha kakhulu ezitolo zegrosa nezindawo zokudlela kanye nempahla yokuqasha neyokwakha. Ngenkathi izwe liya ngokuceba ngokuthengisa uwoyela ngamanani akhuphukele kwirekhodi lama-dollar ayi-145 umphongolo ngamunye ngesonto eledlule, ukwehla kwamandla emali sekufinyelele cishe kumaphesenti ayi-11, kwephula izinombolo eziphindwe kabili okokuqala kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1970.

“Intengo kaphethiloli iphansi lapha, kuthiwani?” kusho uMuhammad Abdullah, osethathe umhlalaphansi oneminyaka engu-60. “Ngenzenjani ngegesi? Yiphuze? Ngihambe nayo siye esuphamakethe?”

U-Al-Mazeen uthi isikweletu sakhe segrosa sanyanga zonke siphindeke kabili - safinyelela ku-$215 - uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, lapho uwoyela wawubalelwa ku-$70 umphongolo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, inani lerayisi liye laphindeka kabili lafinyelela cishe kumasenti angu-72 ngephawundi, futhi iphawundi lenyama yenkomo liye lakhuphuka ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu laya cishe ku-$4.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaSaudis abhekene nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi - okulinganiselwa kumaphesenti angu-30 phakathi kwentsha eneminyaka engu-16 kuya ku-26 - kanye nemakethe yamasheya ephansi ngamaphesenti angu-10 kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka.

Abaningi baseSaudi bayaqaphela ukuthi lokhu kukhuphuka kukawoyela ngeke kube nomthelela ofanayo nalowo wangeminyaka yawo-1970, okwakhuphula amaSaudis kusuka kumanikiniki kuya engcebweni. Kulokhu, umcebo awehli ngokushesha noma ngamanani afanayo.

Esinye sezizathu ukwanda kwabantu balo mbuso, kusho uJohn Sfakianakis, isazi sezomnotho eSaudi British Bank. Ngawo-1970, inani labantu baseSaudi Arabia laliyizigidi eziyi-9.5. Namuhla, iyizigidi ezingama-27.6, kufaka phakathi izakhamizi zaseSaudi eziyizigidi ezingama-22.

Lokho kusho ukuthi umbuso, olawula cishe yonke imali engenayo kawoyela, kufanele usabalalise ingcebo kubantu abaningi. Ngaphandle kohlelo lwezenhlalakahle oluvulekile oluhlanganisa imfundo yamahhala kusukela esikoleni samabanga aphansi kuya enyuvesi kanye nezinye izinzuzo zezakhamuzi, umkhakha womphakathi uqashe abantu abangaba izigidi ezimbili kanti amaphesenti angu-2 esabelomali aya emiholweni.

"Umbuso, yebo, ucebe kakhulu, kepha umbuso ucishe uphindwe kathathu inani labantu okufanele ubanakekele," kusho uSfakianakis. "Ngisho noma iSaudi Arabia ibinokwehla kwamandla emali (inflation) ephansi (ngawo-1970), izwe nezidingo zezwe zinkulu kunalokhu ezaziyikho."

Ngakho-ke uhulumeni unendawo encane yokunyusa amaholo ukusiza abantu ukubhekana namanani aphezulu. I-United Arab Emirates isanda kunyusa amaholo ezinkampani zikahulumeni ngamaphesenti angama-70 - kodwa uma amaSaudis enza okufanayo, ngabe ahlaselwe ukusilela kwesabelomali, kusho uSfakianakis.

Amanye amazwe aseGulf ashayeke kakhulu ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla emali. E-UAE, ukwehla kwamandla emali kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele kumaphesenti angu-12 kulo nyaka, kanti eQatar kufinyelele kumaphesenti angu-14, ngokombiko weMerrill Lynch ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka.

Kodwa lezo zizwe zinesibalo esincane kakhulu sabantu ngakho-ke zingasabalalisa uwoyela, igesi nengcebo yazo yezezimali ngokushesha nangenani elikhulu ukuze kudambise izinhlungu. Ngenxa yalokho - ngokuphambene nesithombe sabo eNtshonalanga - amaSaudis akude nabantu abacebe kakhulu eGulf. Imali engenayo yombuso ngomuntu ngamunye ingama- $20,700 - uma kuqhathaniswa namaRandi angama-67,000 eQatar, enabantu ababalelwa esigidini.

Engxoxweni yakamuva nephephandaba laseKuwait i-Al-Siyassah, iNkosi u-Abdullah ithe “izikhulu zinezixazululo ezifanele” futhi zihlela ukulwa nokwehla kwamandla emali.

“Uhulumeni angasebenzisa imali yakhe ukwehlisa amanani entengo yezinto ezibalulekile. Umbuso uzosebenzisa izimali zawo ezigciniwe ukulwa nokwehla kwamandla emali futhi ubuyisele konke kwesijwayelekile,” kuqhuba iSilo ngaphandle kokunaba ngokuthi kanjani.

Izazi zezomnotho zithi umthombo omkhulu wokwehla kwamandla emali yisidingo esikhulu sasekhaya samafulethi, indawo yamahhovisi nokudla - esikhathini lapho amanani omhlaba okudla nempahla esetshenziswayo enyuka. Esitatimendeni esikhishwe ngeledlule uMnyango Wezomnotho Nokuhlela sithe inkomba yokuqasha, ehlanganisa irenti, uphethiloli namanzi, inyuke ngamaphesenti angu-18.5, kanti izindleko zokudla neziphuzo zinyuke ngamaphesenti angu-15.

Ukwehla kwamandla emali eSaudi nakho kubhebhethekiswa yidola elibuthakathaka, ngoba i-riyal igxilwe emalini yase-US, ikhulisa izindleko zokuthenga ngaphandle - futhi umbuso ungenisa iningi lezimpahla zawo ezibalulekile.

Ukuthutheleka kwemali kawoyela emnothweni nakho kuyimbangela, kodwa akuyona imbangela enkulu yokwehla kwamandla emali njengezinye izinkinga, kusho uSfakianakis nabanye osomnotho.

Ngesibonakaliso sokuthi ukwehla kwamandla emali ngeke kuphele noma nini maduze, iKhabhinethi yaseSaudi yanquma ngoMashi 31 ukunciphisa intela yentela ekudleni okubalulekile okungu-180, izimpahla zabathengi kanye nezinto zokwakha okungenani iminyaka emithathu, ngokusho kombiko uSfakianakis awubhalele iSaudi British Bank. .

Noma kunjalo, lo mbuso uzojabulela isabelomali esikhulu esalayo ngenxa yamanani aphezulu kawoyela kulo nyaka. Imali engenayo yokuthunyelwa kukawoyela kwamanye amazwe kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-$260 billion kulo nyaka, ngokombiko wanyanga edlule we-Jadwa Investment, inkampani ezimele yaseSaudi. Lokhu kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso samaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-43 kuphela ngonyaka phakathi nawo-1990, kusho umbiko. Ibikezela ukuthi imali enqwabelene yesabelomali izoba ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-69 ngo-2008 uma kuqhathaniswa nezigidigidi ezingama-$47.6 ngo-2007.

Kepha iSaudi Arabia ibeka ingxenye enkulu yemali engenayo kawoyela ekutshalweni kwezimali nasezimpahleni zaphesheya, ngokwengxenye njengothango uma kwenzeka amanani kawoyela ehla ngokuzayo, ecindezela isabelomali.

USheik Abdul-Aziz Al Sheikh, i-mufti enkulu yombuso kanye neziphathimandla zezenkolo eziphezulu, unxuse uhulumeni ukuthi amise amanani ezinto ezibalulekile.

"Kufanele kwenziwe yonke imizamo yokuqukatha amanani akhuphukayo ezimpahla embusweni wonke," kusho u-mufti ngesikhathi eshumayela eRiyadh ngoFebhuwari, ngokusho kwe-Arab News daily.