Uhambo lokuya eNormandy

I-GIVERNY - Kukhona okuthile okwesibili mayelana nezindawo zesifunda saseFrance saseNormandy. Phela, iningi labavakashi linesithombe salezi zindawo eziyisakhiwo sodumo eziqoshwe ekwazini kwazo kudala ngaphambi kokuthi zifike. Kufana ne-déjà vu, ngenxa yomnyakazo wobuciko wekhulunyaka le-19 owagqugquzelwa abaculi ababizwa ngokuthi ama-impressionists.

Isibhakabhaka esimangalisayo emabhishi aseDeauville; itheku elihle laseHonfleur elipendwe kakhulu; amawa abuswayo ase-Etrethati; I-Cathedral e-Rouen noma ubuhle obulula bezingadi ezithule zikaClaude Monet e-Giverny. Zonke lezi zingosi azifanga ngenxa yamaseyili ama-impressionists, aholwa ngumuntu ogqamayo we-Monet, aguqula ubuciko besimanje.

Umkhosi wasehlobo e-Normandy usuqalile ukuheha abavakashi ku-impressionism. Izivakashi zikhuthazwa ukuba zithole izimpande zale nhlangano emadolobheni, emaphandleni nasezindaweni ezizungezile zalesi sifunda saseFrance enyakatho yeParis. Ukukhanya okuyisici nokwakheka kwezwe okumangalisayo lapha kuhehe izizukulwane zamaciko futhi ifestivali ehlonishwa kakhulu iyingqopha-mlando ye-impressionism. Kuwukubuyela ekhaya kohlobo.

Lesi sifunda saseFrance esisogwini olusenyakatho yezwe kwaba yindawo yokuzalwa kwenhlangano eyashintsha imibono yobuciko ngendawo yemvelo.

“Impressionism yaba umphumela wokuziphendukela kwemvelo okude, okwaqala ogwini lwaseNormand nasesigodini saseSeine ngawo-1820 ngemva komhlangano wama-avant-garde amaNgisi abaculi abafana noTurner, Bonington, noCotman, nozakwabo baseFrance uGericault, Delacroix, Isabey. ,” kusho uJacques-Sylvain Klein, umqondisi we-Impressionist Normandy festival kanye nombhali wencwadi ethi, Normandy, cradle of impressionism.

"Inhlangano yathuthuka kancane kancane lapha kusukela ekuthakaseleni kwangaphambili kwemvelo, i-pre-impressionism, futhi ekugcineni ngawo-1870 lapho sifika enkathini ye-impressionist," eqhubeka.

Nakuba ukuvakasha okuhle kwe-Europe kanye nezimpawu zayo zomlando wobuciko namasiko kube yisiko eside isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka engamakhulu amathathu, lo mkhosi manje wengeza iNormandy kulowo mzila wohambo oluyingqopha-mlando ovumela izivakashi ukuthi zilandele izinyathelo eziholele kumnyakazo olethe umdwebo usuka. imifanekiso yonxiwankulu behambahamba emabhishi ezindaweni zezicukuthwane ukuze bajabulele ukubukeka kwezwe, imvelo, ukukhanya, kanye nenqwaba yendlela yokwenza.

Indlela eya ku-impressionism ishiye uphawu lwayo lapha ngokuhlolwa kwamaciko afana no-Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, ukubukeka kwezwe komdwebi wase-Dutch u-Johan Barthold Jongkind, kanye nomdwebi waseBrithani u-JMW Turner, bonke ababonisa ukuxhumana no-Norman.

Kodwa mhlawumbe ama-brushstrokes adwetshiwe ezigcawu zolwandle lwase-Trouville kanye nemisebenzi ye-plein air ka-Eugene Boudin eyaholela ekutholakaleni koguquko komfundi wakhe omncane, u-Claude Monet. Kwakungumdwebo kaMonet wango-1872 othi Impression, Sunrise ngokushintsha kwawo okuxekethile kombala nokukhanya esikhumulweni semikhumbi eLe Havre okwaba ukuvela kwegama elithi impressionism; isiqondiso kwezobuciko esazisa ukubonakala okuxekethile okusheshayo kombala nesimo sezwe.

Ngokusebenzisa amakhulukhulu emicimbi nemibukiso, le festivali yasehlobo enezigwegwe eziningi I-Impressionist Normandy iletha indaba eklanywe kahle yokuthuthukiswa kwe-impressionism ngenkathi edlule, indawo eyazalelwa kuyo, ngisho namathonya aqhubekayo enhlangano ekudalweni kobuciko.

Lo mcimbi, oqhubeka ngoSepthemba, ubuyingqophamlando yalowo owayenguNdunankulu waseFrance uLaurent Fabius. Ibonisa imibukiso engamakhulu amabili kuwo wonke amadolobhana namadolobhana aseNormandy ayikhulu. Umkhosi kulindeleke ukuthi uhehe izivakashi eziyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ambalwa kulesi sifunda.

Futhi nakuba ungase ungatholi inqwaba yobuciko bomnyakazo osekudala benza indlela yabo eya emaqoqweni aseParis nakwamanye amazwe; imibukiso yesikhashana ekhumbulekayo, amaqoqo endawo, nezingosi zangempela lapho i-impressionism yathuthukiswa khona idonsa izivakashi emhlabeni wendalo yekhulu le-19.

Esigodini esincane sase-Honfleur osebeni oluseningizimu yesizalo somfula i-Seine kuneMnyuziyamu i-Eugene Boudin, manje esingethe umbukiso we-Honfleur, Between Tradition and Modernity, 1820-1900. Imigwaqo egcwele izindlu zomlando iveza i-Honfleur, amakhefi ayo amancane kanye nokubukwa kwechweba okubonakala ngokushesha. Leli futhi kwakuyikhaya lesikhathi esisodwa lika-Euguene Boudin, futhi lo mbukiso ophelele ogxile ku-pre-impressionist ubeka isisekelo ngemidwebo ka-Camille Corot, u-Gustave Courbet, no-Eugene Boudin, obezokhuthaza u-Claude Monet ukuthi aqale ukukhipha opende bakhe ngaphandle.

Imifanekiso eshintshashintshayo yamabhishi ase-Normandy iyisici sombono oshintshayo we-impressionist wekhanvasi. Kusukela ezigcawini zasogwini ezazibeka kuqala ukuphila kwezicukuthwane zangaleso sikhathi - ama-parasols nezintokazi ezigqoke kahle ziphelezelwa onxiwankulu, ababukeli bemibono bafiphalisa izibalo futhi bahlanganisa nezwe njengendiza ebumbene.

“Lezi zigcawu zasebhishi zaziwuguquko ngaleso sikhathi,” kusho uRosaleen Aussenac, umhlahlandlela e-Eugene Boudin Museum. “Ngekhulu le-19 lapho upenda abantu, wawuhlale unomlingiswa oyinhloko - inkosazana noma unkosikazi owawunabo abalingiswa abahlukahlukene. Kodwa izinguquko zeza lapho ngokungazelelwe ungaqinisekanga ngokuthi ubani umlingiswa oyinhloko futhi wonke umuntu wayesezingeni elifanayo. Lona kwakuwumbono ongavamile kakhulu osukwini lwabo.”

Ukushayela okufushane phakathi nezwe yidolobha laseCaen, indawo yesikhathi esisodwa eyasungulwa nguWilliam uMnqobi ngekhulu le-11. Lapha i-Caen Museum of Fine Arts ifaka imibhalo ye-Impressionist, amagugu avela ku-Bibliotheque Nationale de France. Umbukiso wemisebenzi eyi-120 uhlanganisa leyo ebhalwe ngu-Edgar Degas, u-Edouard Manet, uCamille Pisarro, kanye nemisebenzi encane kaMary Cassatt engapendi. Lo mbukiso uveza okungaphezu nje kokuthi imvelo ye-whimsical ye-impressionism ehunyushwe kabi emshinini wokuphrinta futhi iqinisekisa ukwenqaba kuka-Claude Monet ukuzibandakanya enqubweni yokunyathelisa.

Ethekwini ledolobha laseLe Havre, iMnyuziyamu yaseMalraux ineqoqo elihloniphekile lemidwebo ye-impressionist. Kuleli sonto imnyuziyamu izokwethula umbukiso othi I-Degas Engashicilelwe: I-Degas evela ku-Senn Donation, iqoqo lemidwebo engashicilelwe engama-205 nama-pastel ka-Edgar Degas ahlanganiswe umthengisi kakotini wekhulu le-19 kanye nomqoqi wezobuciko u-Olivier Senn.

Idolobhana laseRouen lingesinye isitobhi esiyisakhiwo sodumo emzileni we-impressionist e-Normandy. Ukulunguza esitolo sezingubo zangaphansi sesikhathi esisodwa esingaphesheya kwesonto elikhulu e-Rouen kukunikeza umbono ohluke kakhulu wendawo lapho u-Claude Monet apenda khona imibono engamashumi amathathu manje edumile yale ndawo yokukhulekela emangalisayo.

Imidwebo eminingi manje edumile yesonto lesonto laseRouen, eyabulawa yi-Monet ngo-1892 nango-1893, ibonakala ngendlela emangalisayo embukisweni ophelele womkhosi, i-A city for Impressionism: Monet, Pissarro, kanye noGaughin eRouen. Kwethulwa e-Rouen Fine Arts Museum, kuqoqwe imisebenzi ebalulekile engu-130 eqoqweni langasese nelomphakathi, eminye yayo engakaze ikhonjiswe eFrance.

Ngemva kwesikhathi eside eshiye uphawu lwakhe esizukulwaneni samaciko, uClaude Monet owayenentshebe emhlophe eqinile, owayenentshebe emhlophe kanye nomndeni wakhe ngaleso sikhathi bazinza esigodini esincane saseNormand eGiverny. Kulapha endaweni yaseNormand lapho aphinde wathola khona uthando lokuphila. Ezisholo ukuthi “wayelungele kuphela ukudweba nokwenza izingadi,” eminyakeni eyalandela waqhubeka edala umsebenzi wakhe wobuciko ophilayo; izingadi ezitshalwe ngokukhululekile, ichibi elincane, nebhuloho laseJapane ayezolipenda kakhulu eminyakeni yakhe yakamuva.

“NgoGiverny, uMonet wakwazi ukuhlanganisa izifiso zakhe ezimbili njengoba eqhubeka nokuphila njengohlobo oluthile lapha,” kusho uLaurent Echaubard, iphini likamongameli weSisekelo esizinze eGiverny uClaude Monet, “Njengoba ekhula wayezothuthuka. izinkinga zempilo futhi uGiverny wayezoba umthombo wakhe owodwa wogqozi. Uzobe eqhubeka nokudweba lapha kuze kube yilapho ephefumula okokugcina."