Liyini i-Port Wine

Umhlabathi namagilebhisi kuhlanganiswe ne-skillsset ye-Oporto vintners ekuhlanganiseni, khiqiza amawayini yezinhlamvu ezihlukile ezinokunambitheka okuhlukile. Lesi sifunda silawulwa ngokuqinile umthetho wamaPutukezi.

Imbobo Ebomvu

Tawny. I-Tawny port iyinhlanganisela futhi ivuthwa ku-cask (imiphongolo yokhuni), ishintsha umbala wayo ukuze ikhiqize ingxube yamantongomane nezinongo zezithelo ezilungiswa ngamaqoqo amancane. Amachweba amaningi ama-tawny ahlukaniswa njenge-premium futhi angaguga iminyaka eminingi okuholela emizweni yokunambitheka enezingqimba.

Emthonjeni. Iwayini elibomvu lakha isisekelo samachweba amaningi. Iwayini elibomvu liqukethe i-resveratrol evikela inhliziyo. Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi umdlavuza, isifo sikashukela, nesifo i-Alzheimer kungavinjelwa kusetshenziswa i-resveratrol's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties futhi ilungele isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga, ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba futhi ithuthukisa amasosha omzimba. Kunconywa futhi nempilo engokomzimba nengokwengqondo, ukuncipha kwesisindo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuthuthukisiwe, kusiza ekwehliseni ukuvuvukala kwesisu, kulawula amazinga e-cholesterol futhi kukhuthaze impilo yengqondo eqinile. Izimfanelo zezokwelapha ziye zasusa abathengi ekubeni nemimoya eqinile ukuba baphuze utshwala. Izinzuzo zezempilo kulindeleke ukuthi zikhuphule ukunwetshwa kosayizi wemakethe njengoba kukhona okuthandwa yizizukulwane ezincane ngamawayini aphambili ukuze asetshenziswe umuntu siqu kanye nezipho ezengeza ekukhuleni kwemakethe.

Ubhubhane lwe-coronavirus eSpain nakulo lonke elaseYurophu luholele ekwenyukeni kokusetshenziswa kwewayini lasePort ngenxa yokunambitheka kwalo, izinzuzo zezempilo, kanye ne-asidi ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-whisky noma ubhiya. Iwayini lasePort liyahlukahluka futhi liyatholakala njenge-blackberry kanye nokusajingijolo, isinamoni, i-caramel, noshokoledi.

Ichweba Elimhlophe

Ichweba elimhlophe ngokuvamile lenziwa ngenhlanganisela yamagilebhisi amhlophe okuhlanganisa i-Esgana Cao (Sercial) kanye ne-Malvasia Fina. Le nhlanganisela ilawulwa yi-Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e do Porto. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ifana nechweba elibomvu; Nokho, isikhathi se-maceration sifushane. Ukuvutshelwa kotshwala kuboshwa ngokwethula umoya wamagilebhisi ongathathi hlangothi cishe wamaphesenti angama-77 wotshwala ngomthamo. Le nqubo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-fortification, iphumela ewayinini eliqinile elinoshukela notshwala.

Imbobo emhlophe ingase ibonise umbala osagolide futhi ikhipha iphunga elimnandi loju namantongomane ane-asidi ephansi kanye namazinga obumnandi asukela kokomile kuye kwamnandi ngokuphelele. Amachweba Amnandi (lagrima= izinyembezi) avutshelwa emathangeni (ngezinye izikhathi ukhuni ukuze luveze umbala nokuba yinkimbinkimbi).

Imbobo emhlophe kufanele inikezwe engilazini yewayini emhlophe ipholile noma ixutshwe nezingxenye ezilinganayo zePort emhlophe kanye namanzi e-tonic noma e-soda engilazini ye-cocktail ene-lime wedge. Ilungele i-sangria uma isithelo sigaxwa embobeni emhlophe ngaphambi kokuxutshwa nebhodlela lewayini elimhlophe. Itheku elingavuliwe, elimhlophe lizohlala iminyaka; uma ivuliwe, yifake efrijini kuze kube yinyanga eyodwa.

Kukhiqizwe

AmaRoma kucatshangwa ukuthi akhiqize iwayini Portugal ngemva kokuwela umfula iDouro (137 BC) ukuyonqoba amaCelt endaweni eyayibizwa ngeLusitania ngaleso sikhathi. Ukutshala okujulile kwezivini e-Alto Douro kulandelelwa emizamweni yeNkosi uDenis ekhulwini le-14 lokuthuthukisa ezolimo kuso sonke lesi sifunda. Ukwenza iwayini kwakhula ngenxa yokubonga kwabaseBrithani futhi banikeza amalungelo akhethekile okuhweba ngesikhathi iSpain yabona ukuzimela kwePortugal ngaphansi kweSivumelwano SaseLisbon sika-1668.

AmaBritish andise yayo izithakazelo zewayini e-Portugal ngemuva kokuqala ukukhokhisa imisebenzi enzima kanye nokuvinjelwa kwewayini laseFrance ngasekupheleni kwawo-1600s ngenxa yezinqubomgomo zokuvikela zikaLouis XIV. Njengoba abaseBrithani bekhulisa amabhizinisi abo, baqala ukuzama ukwengezwa kwewayini lesiPutukezi. U-abbot esigodlweni sezindela sase-Larnego wengeze i-brandy ukuze kumiswe ukuvutshelwa njengoba ushintsha ushukela ube utshwala. Ngokubopha le nqubo, Ichweba ligcina ubumnandi kuyilapho ugologo uqinisa okuqukethwe kotshwala.

I-Methuen Treaty (1703) yandisa ukuthengwa kwewayini lase-Portuguese eBrithani ngokunciphisa intela kulawa mawayini uma kuqhathaniswa nalawo ahlolwe kumawayini ase-French. I-Drinking Port yaba yimbangela yokushisekela izwe ukuthi amaNgisi aziphindiselele kumaFulentshi.

UDkt. Samuel Johnson, “u-Claret uwutshwala babafana: ichweba lamadoda…” (Life of Samuel Johnson, 1791, Vol III), kanye nembongi uJonathan Swift (wekhulu le-18) baphawuleka ngokunquma, “Ngesibindi delela i-champagne enkantolo. Futhi ukhethe ukudla ekhaya nechweba. ” Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, abaseBrithani babengenisa ichweba eliphindwe kathathu kunamanje, nakuba inani labantu base-UK manje selilikhulu kakhulu.

I-Terroir

Isifunda sase-Alto Douro enyakatho yePortugal sinesimo sezulu, inhlabathi, kanye nesimo sezulu esidingwa amagilebhisi ukuze kukhiqizwe iwayini lasePort. Isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, kusukela ehlobo elishisayo kuya ebusika obubandayo, kuhlanganiswe nenhlabathi enamatshe kudala ukunambitheka okugxilile kumagilebhisi okunikeza iphrofayili yokunambitheka eyingqayizivele nekhumbulekayo yePort. Ngaphansi kwenhlabathi enamatshe ethambile, ene-phosphate (i-schist) okuqoshwe kuyo amasimu, kunedwala eliqinile lentaba-mlilo. Lapho izimvula ezinamandla zihlasela le ndawo, amathafa amancane angama-degree angu-70 akhiwe eceleni komhosha asiza ekuvimbeleni iwayini ukuba lingakhukhuleki. Amanzi angena ku-schist ukuze aqoqele ngaphezu kwedwala lentaba-mlilo elingenazimbobo, enze indawo yokugcina amanzi lapho imivini nezimpande zingena khona ehlobo elomile. Izintaba ezizungezile zaseMaro nase-Alvao e Montemuro zivikela izivini emimoyeni enamandla evela e-Atlantic Ocean.

Ubani Ophuza Ichweba?

Umthengi ojwayelekile uneminyaka engama-50-55. Ngisho noma uhlala endaweni yangakini (e-USA) izinsuku/amasonto ekugcineni, cishe ngeke ubone abantu abaningi abaphuza ichweba njengoba iningi labathengi litholakala eYurophu futhi lidumile e-UK.

Ngo-2020, imakethe yewayini yomhlaba wonke yalinganiselwa ku-$942.02 million kanti kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-$1371.26 million ngo-2030 ikhuphuke ku-CAGR yamaphesenti angu-4.26 ukusuka ngo-2022 kuya ku-2030. lo mkhakha kulindeleke ukuthi ugcine ukubusa kwawo kuze kube u-2020.

I-Port Wine Institute ilawula ukukhiqizwa

Amazwe aholwa yimithetho ye-European Union anquma ukuthi amawayini ama-Portuguese kuphela avela esifundeni sokuhlukaniswa kwe-Douro anelungelo lokubizwa ngokuthi i-PORT njengendlela yokuvikela ukubaluleka kwendabuko kanye nezomnotho komkhiqizo kanye nesifunda. Imvamisa, isetshenziswa njenge-digestif, ngemuva kokudla ukuze ihambisane nama-dessert kashizi namantongomane kanye/noma ushokoledi nakuba iPort e-tawny nemhlophe iphinde isetshenziswe njenge-aperitif, ngaphambi kokudla.

Ukulawula izinga lePort, i-Port Wine Institute ilawula ukukhiqizwa:

1. Amawayini kumele enziwe ngamagilebhisi atshalwa esifundeni sase-Douro (isifunda sewayini esidala kunazo zonke emhlabeni esinqunyiwe (1756) njengoba kwanqunywa umqulu wasebukhosini ngesikhathi i-Marquis do Pombal ingundunankulu. Uhlaka lwesifunda lwahlala lungashintshiwe kwaze kwaba ngu-1907 futhi lwaphinde lwashintsha ngo-1921 .

2. Amagilebhisi kufanele asuke ohlwini lwezinhlobo ezibomvu eziyi-15 neziyi-14 ezimhlophe futhi anconyiwe, agunyazwe, noma agunyazwe okwesikhashana futhi afaka: i-Malvasia Fina, i-Viosinho, i-Donzelinho, ne-Gouveio (emhlophe). Tinta Baroca, Tinta Roriz, Tinto Cao, Touriga Francesa kanye noTouriga Nacional (obomvu). Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu: Mouriscos, Tintas, Tourigam for red; Malvasia Fina for white.

3. Kumele ibe notshwala obungamaphesenti angu-19-27 wevolumu, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezimhlophe ezikhanyayo ezingaba namaphesenti angu-16.5 ubuncane. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu, ukungezwa kotshwala kubekwa esilinganisweni esicishe sibe yi-1/5 yevolumu ye-must, noma cishe amalitha ayi-115 ebhrendi kuya ku-435 wamalitha we-must.

4. Izimbobo ezibomvu zihlukaniswa ngokuthi: i-vintage, irubi (ebomvu), i-tawny, i-tawny emaphakathi, ne-tawny ekhanyayo

5. Abamhlophe babizwa ngokuthi: abamhlophe okuphaphathekile, okumhlophe okunombala wotshani, noma okumhlophe okusagolide

6. Ubumnandi: bumnandi kakhulu, bumnandi, bomile kancane, bomile, bomile kakhulu

7. Ichweba lingahlukaniswa ngesivini esithile (i-quinta) esasikhiqiza

Okuphawulekayo Port Wines

1. Kopike.

Umndeni wakwaKopke wadabuka eHamburg, eJalimane ufika eLisbon, ePortugal ngo-1638. UChristiano Kopke waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengomthengisi nomthengisi wemikhiqizo yesiPutukezi ePorto. Ngenkathi iwayini (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Portwine) ihlonishwa, i-House of Kopke (inkampani endala kakhulu ye-Portwine yokuthekelisa) yaba ngomunye wabaholi embonini.

NgoJuni 2006, uKopke waba yingxenye yeSogevinus Group. U-Gonzalo Pedrosa kanye no-Pania Oliveira banesibopho sokukhiqiza nokudayiswa kwewayini le-Douro DOC (okuhlanganisa i-Kopke, i-Casa Burmester, njll.) - amawayini ase-Port asezingeni eliphezulu agcizelela kakhulu i-oak-age Colheita Ports. Umholi emakethe yesiPutukezi yewayini lasePort, iSogevinus Group inomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhiqiza amabhodlela ayizigidi ezingu-8.25, namabhodlela ayizigidi ezingu-7.05 ewayini lasePort kuphela. IQembu lithumela ngaphandle amaphesenti angama-60 engqikithi yalo yokukhiqiza iwayini emazweni angaphezu kuka-60. Izimakethe ezinkulu zifaka iNetherlands, France, US, UK, kanye neDenmark. Izindawo zabo zihlanganisa amahektha angama-88g esivini nezihlahla zezithelo esifundeni saseDouro.

• I-Colheita White 2003 (yafakwa emabhodleleni ngo-2021)

Amanothi.

Leli chweba elimhlophe elineminyaka engu-30 ubudala lalineminyaka engu-30 ubudala emabhokisini e-oki asebekhulile. I-amber hue emehlweni; ubumnandi obulula ekhaleni obuhambisana noju ne-honeysuckle, ama-cherries kusiraphu, nama-molasses. Olwangeni izithelo ezomisiwe zasezindaweni ezishisayo, i-marzipan, i-marmalade ewolintshi, i-orange zest, izinongo (upelepele nojinja). Isiphetho sale ndaba emnandi (20 percent abv) emnandi? Imicabango yamagilebhisi omisiwe, amakhiwane, i-marzipan, nama-alimondi.

Khonza epholile njenge-aperitif futhi ibhangqwe ne-foie gras. Okuhle kakhulu kuhlanganiswe ne-risotto yamakhowe. Njengentandokazi ye-dessert, ithimba eline-apula elibabayo liyawohloka noma i-crispy crepe.

• I-Kopke Colheita Port 2002

Ingxube yezinhlobo ezibomvu ze-Douro futhi ezitshalwe emhlabathini we-schist-sandstone endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-600, ama-Colheitas enziwa ngesivuno esisodwa futhi aguga emiphongolweni ye-oki isikhathi esihlukene kodwa angaphansi kweminyaka engu-7. Ifakwe emabhodleleni ku-cask njengoba imakethe iqondisa.

Amanothi.

Okunsundu okugqamile okubomvu emehlweni; ikhala lithola ama-cherry, ukhuni, izithelo ezomisiwe, ithofi, amakhasi e-citrus, amakhiwane, ama-prunes, nesinamoni. I-fruit medley ijabulisa ulwanga iqondisa ukunaka ekuqedeni okumnandi okugqanyiswa yi-asidi ephawulekayo nobuncane.