Iwayini: Okuhlangenwe nakho Kwangaphakathi & Kwangaphandle Yakha Inkumbulo

Ngenxa yokuthi cishe zonke izimo zokuthenga azifaki ithuba lokunambitha iwayini ngaphambi kokuthenga, lokhu kuyingozi ekhathaza umthengi kakhulu, ngakho basebenzisa ulwazi olusuka ebhodleleni kanye nelebula njengezinkomba zokuthi yini engaphakathi ebhodleleni.

Umthengi wewayini ubeka ukubaluleka kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kwewayini ngokusekelwe olwazini: Okwangaphakathi (ukunuka nokunambitha) nokwangaphandle (imvelaphi, uhlobo lwebhodlela/umbala, uhlobo, ukupakishwa, umklomelo, inani, ukubandakanyeka komthengi ekuthengeni).

Lolu chungechunge olunezingxenye ezimbili lubheka izindawo eziningi ezidala umuzwa wewayini ongalibaleki (okuhle noma omubi).

Iwayini Iwuhambo Oluya Ekhanda Akusona Isifundo SeJografi

Cishe wonke amazwe emhlabeni nawo wonke amazwe ase-USA enza iwayini eliphuzwayo. Imakethe yewayini yomhlaba wonke yabalelwa ku-$489.3 billion ngo-2021 (Acumen Research and Consulting) futhi ilinganiselwa ku-$825.5 billion ngo-2030, ikhula ngeCompound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) ka-6.1% kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2030.

Abantu baphuza iwayini. Kodwa-ke, umbiko we-State of the Wine Industry Report ka-2022 (i-Silicon Valley Bank) ithola ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 bangabantu abangahle bakhethe iwayini kunezinye izinketho. Abaphuzayo abasebasha baya ngokuya bedonseka ekuqhudelaneni notshwala obufana nobhiya, i-spirit, nama-seltzers anezipikili. Ama-baby boomers phuza iwayini eliningi kunezinkulungwane zeminyaka cishe ngesilinganiso esingu-2-1. Ngaphandle uma imboni iheha abathengi abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, ukusetshenziswa kwewayini kungase kwehle ngo-20% lapho ama-boomers eshona ilanga.

Ukuncipha kwentshisekelo ewayinini kubathengi abasebasha, okuhambisana nokugxambukela kokuthatha umhlalaphansi kanye nokuncipha kokusetshenziswa kwewayini kwama-baby boomers athanda iwayini kubangela usongo olukhulu embonini emhlabeni wonke.

Izinselele

Inkinga ngokudayiswa kwewayini akukhona ukutholakala, inkinga akuyona intengo, futhi inkinga akukhona ukufudumala komhlaba, ukupholisa umhlaba wonke, noma ukutholakala kwabenzi bewayini abangongoti.

Ezingeni eliyisisekelo kakhulu, ukunambitheka kwewayini kusekelwe ezintweni ezimbili: amagilebhisi ewayini ngokwawo (okunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-10,000), nalapho amagilebhisi atshalwa khona. Ukugqugquzela abathengi ukuthi bacabange ngesinqumo sewayini, imboni kumele icubungule lonke ulwazi lwewayini.

Abathonya

Qala ngebhodlela. Ukubukeka kwebhodlela nokuthi ubani oye walithela kuthinta umbono wethu wewayini. Umbala, ukushuba, nokucaca kwewayini kudala okulindelwe ewayinini nangaphambi kokuba sifinyelele engilazini. Ubujamo bebhodlela laseYurophu nemibala ibalulekile embonini yewayini futhi ngokuvamile ukukhethwa kombala wengilazi kusekelwe esikweni. I-vintner yaseCalifornia ekhiqiza i-Cabernet Sauvignon ingase ikhethe ibhodlela elibonisa ifa lewayini laseYurophu (okungukuthi, Bordeaux), futhi lokhu kungase kube ithuluzi lokuthengisa eliphumelelayo elixhumanisa umthengi ekuphefumuleni.

Ukukhetha kokugcina kombala kuncike ekucatshangelweni okuningana futhi i-winery ngayinye yenza isinqumo esiyingqayizivele nesingokwezifiso semikhiqizo yabo. Kunesidingo sokulinganisa izinto eziza kuqala phakathi kokumaketha, isiko, ubuqotho bewayini, kanye/noma inhlanganisela yezindlela ezihamba phambili.

Ingilazi. Isipiliyoni sewayini sithonywa ukuma nokuphakama kwengilazi yewayini okungavusa okulindelekile kwephunga kanye nezimfanelo zokunambitha. Izingilazi zewayini zijikela ngaphakathi phezulu zisiza ekuhlanganiseni kwamaphunga. Uma uhogela futhi uphuza, amakha ayathuthukiswa ngokusekelwe ekugxilweni kwewayini eduze komphetho.

Ingilazi engenastem iphakamisa umcimbi ovamile futhi okhululekile, onzima ukushwibilika futhi ingashisisa iwayini ngokushesha njengoba isandla sakho sithinta ngqo isibani sengilazi. Izingilazi zewayini ze-stem zenza kube lula ukuzungeza iwayini futhi zinikeze indawo ehlelekile kakhulu.

Ambiance. Ezinye izici ezithuthukisa ukuzibandakanya komuntu siqu newayini zihlanganisa umculo we-ambient, ukukhanya, okokuhlobisa, kanye nephunga elimnandi endaweni ezungezile - konke kunomthelela esikubonayo nesinambitha engilazini yewayini.

Amakha. Iphunga lewayini njengoba lithelwa engilazini lisuka ebhodleleni, kanye nephunga elimnandi eliphuma engilazini njengoba liphakanyiswa ukuze liphuze, kungase kudale okulindelwe okwengeziwe, njengezithelo ezisawolintshi ezihlobene ne-asidi noma izithelo ezomisiwe kanye namaphunga amnandi e-oki. ulwanga olufudumele, oluyindilinga.

Umbala. Umbala wewayini engilazini udlala indima njengoba umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kancane ewayinini elibomvu ungase ubonise ubusha balo kuyilapho ukwakheka okubomvu okuvuthiwe kuthatha i-garnet nemibala e-tawny. Kwenye iphrojekthi yocwaningo, iwayini le-Riesling lalinambithekile elimnandi futhi lalithandwa kakhulu lapho linikezwa ngaphansi kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunokuba ngaphansi kokukhanya okuluhlaza noma okumhlophe. Kwezinye izimo, abesilisa nabesifazane babona imibala ngokuhlukile futhi ngamunye uzoba nokulindela okuhlukile nokuhlotshaniswa okusekelwe kumbala abawubonayo.

Inkinobho. Ukunambitheka kwewayini okuhlukile kuvusa imizwa engafani. Isimo sezulu, ukuphakama, kanye nokwakheka kwenhlabathi kunquma ukunambitheka. Ilanga elengeziwe? Mhlawumbe ukunambitheka okungavamile, okushisayo kuzovela; amagquma angase akhuthaze i-asidi ephezulu. Imivini epholiswe umoya wasolwandle ivuthwa kancane futhi ilingane kakhulu kunaleyo evela ezivinini ezishisayo, ezivalekile, ezimaphakathi nezwe.

Kuzwakala. Kusukela ekuveleni kukakhokho kanye nokucwebezela kwamabhamuza kusuka engilazini yewayini elicwebezelayo, okulindelekile kuvela ebuchosheni futhi kuthonya umuzwa wewayini ngokusekelwe emsindweni.

Okufanayo Okufanayo

Nakuba kunamathuba angapheli okuhlukanisa iwayini kwelinye, isivini esisodwa kwesinye, nesifunda esisodwa kwesinye, kubonakala sengathi kukhona ukuxhamazela ku-SAMENESS. Umhlaba wewayini usugxile kakhulu ebuhleni bomthamo, kuncike kuzikolo nezibalo nakuba izilinganiso zidala umqondo ongamanga wokunemba. Ingabe kungenzeka ngempela ukuhlukanisa ngokunembile phakathi kwe-Merlot enamaphuzu angu-90 (noma ngaphezulu) ukusuka ku-85-point Merlot? Lapho uthenga iwayini, sizimisele kangakanani ukusebenzisa amaphuzu ambalwa engeziwe futhi kuzobaluleka uma sivula ibhodlela esidlweni sakusihlwa?

Iqiniso Lingaba Nokhahlo

Kungase kube nzima ukwamukela ukuthi, empeleni, amaphuzu ambalwa empeleni asiza ukuthengisa amakhulukhulu amanye amacala futhi enze izinkulungwane zamadola ngokuthengisa. Kunzima futhi ukukholwa ukuthi u-77% wabathengi abaku-inthanethi basebenzisa ukubuyekezwa nezilinganiso, futhi u-63 % kungenzeka ukuthi uthenge endaweni uma inokubuyekezwa nezilinganiso zewayini (I-Wine Direct).

Ukuthola amaphuzu ngewayini kuyaqhubeka nokuba phakathi kwethuluzi elisebenza kahle kakhulu uchwepheshe analo ukuze aveze imibono mayelana nekhwalithi yewayini futhi asize abathengi bewayini, abakhiqizi, kanye nabathengi ukuthi bathenge yimuphi umkhiqizo. Umbiko wemboni yakwaNielsen (2020) uthole ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwe-inthanethi kuqhuba ama-55% okukhula kwewayini e-US futhi njengoba ubhubhane selukhule kakhulu.

Okudala Kusha Futhi

Ukubuyekezwa kwewayini akuyona into entsha, empeleni, baqala emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. I-Marquis yasePombal yasungula uhlelo lokulinganisa izivini ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwePort phakathi nekhulu le-18. E-Champagne, zonke izigodi zisezingeni elilinganiselwe phakathi kuka-80 -100%, ephansi kakhulu ibekwe phakathi kuka-80-89%, i-Premier Cru Villages ingu-90-99% kanye ne-Grand Cru Villages ingu-100%.

I-Bordeaux Classification yaqala ngo-1855 futhi izilinganiso ze-chateaux ziwela ezigabeni ezi-5 ezahlukene; Ukuhlukaniswa kweBurgundy kunquma izivini ukuthi zilinganiselwe ngezigaba ezi-4 ezihlukene, kanye ne-Premier Cru kanye ne-Grand Cru phezulu. EJalimane, i-Qualitätswein idala uchungechunge lwamawayini (okungukuthi, Indawo, Isifunda, Idolobhana, Nesivini) futhi isebenza ngokuhambisana nesigaba esikhona, i-Pradikat, ngokusekelwe kumazinga kashukela okumele afanele.

Ngo-1978 u-Robert Parker wethula uhlelo lwamaphuzu ayi-100 futhi lokhu sekube izinga lamazwe ngamazwe lokulinganisa iwayini. Isikolo sisekelwe embala, ukubukeka, iphunga, ukunambitheka, ubude bokuphela, nokuvela okuvamile, okuhlanganisa ukuguga okungenzeka kwewayini. Lesi sikali sesidume kakhulu kangangokuthi abenzi bewayini bashintshe indlela abenza ngayo iwayini ukuze bathole amaphuzu aphezulu njengoba amaphuzu aphezulu ebiza amanani aphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushicilelwa okuningi kanye nabagxeki abathola iwayini banganikeza inkundla yamawayini angabonakali kahle ukuze banikeze ukukhetha okubanzi kumakhasimende abo.

Ngokukhula kokuthengwa kwewayini ekhaya, indima yemiphumela yewayini eku-inthanethi ikhuphule le “sevisi” futhi yaqeda ukusebenzisana kwabantu ezitolo zezitini nodaka. U-Andrew Mulligan, we-Convive Wines, wathi, “Kuyohlale kunemali ezokwenziwa ukusiza abantu bazizwe bekhululekile futhi beqiniseka ngezinto abasebenzisa imali yabo kuzo.”

Amalebula, Ukupakishwa (Amabhodlela/Amakani)

Kuya kuba nzima nakakhulu ukuthola umnikelo wezolimo noma we-vigneron esiphuzweni engilazini njengoba abenzi bewayini bezama ukuhlangabezana nalokho okubonakala njengokuthi “umthengi akufunayo nezifiso.” Kuyathakazelisa, nokho, ukuthi ucwaningo luthola ukuthi abaphuza iwayini empeleni bayalifuna kucace kakhudlwana kumalebula: u-36% udidwe amalebula ewayini futhi u-81% ufuna ukuthi amalebula acace, futhi aqondeke kalula (I-Wine Vine Analytics). Abathengi badonsela kumalebula anemibala egqamile (okungukuthi, obomvu, owolintshi, osagolide) amawayini anenani elingaphansi kuka-$20 ibhodlela ngalinye. Ngamawayini anenani elingaphezu kuka-$20, abathengi bakhetha ubuhle bendabuko. Iminyaka yobudala yabathengi ithonya okuncamelayo ngezinkulungwane zeminyaka ezikhangwa amalebula ajabulisayo, anemibala kanye namalebula athakazelisayo.

Ukupakisha kunomthelela ekuthengeni nasewayinini kungaba nezithameli ezikhulayo. Ngo-2021, ukuthengiswa kwafinyelela ku-$253 million, okuwukunyuka kwama-62% kunonyaka odlule. Abaphuzayo bafuna iwayini lifane nendlela yabo yokuphila futhi lisendleleni, ngaphandle kwengilazi. Ngekani, amabhrendi angasebenzisa amalebula okugoqa angu-360-degree agcwele asiza ukuxoxa indaba nakakhulu.

Izikhombisi-ndlela zokuya Phambili

Iwayini libhekwa njengenye yemikhiqizo emidala kakhulu edalwe isintu futhi emakhulwini eminyaka edlule liguqulelwe ekubeni isiphuzo esidumile eliyilo namuhla. Kuyinhlanganisela eyivelakancane yobuciko nesayensi, ehlanganisa izakhi kusukela ekudaleni kuya kwezobuchwepheshe futhi inikeze izinhlobonhlobo ezikwazi ukufanisa isisekelo esihlukene sabathengi emhlabeni wonke.

Kunokuba bagxile ekubhekeni izindawo zewayini, nokuhlukanisa indawo eyodwa kwenye, abenzi bewayini abafuna ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwewayini kanye nokwenza inzuzo kufanele bagxile ezicini ezingaphandle zomthengi wewayini futhi hhayi “ochwepheshe” bewayini. Ngokwabacwaningi, u-Larry Lockshin no-Armando Maria Corsi, abathengi bavame ukuqala umuzwa wabo wewayini ngaphambi kokuthenga futhi bacabangele inani, ilebula, imiklomelo, umthamo, izwe lendabuko, amaphesenti otshwala, amaphromoshini ezitolo, njll. Abanye abathengi abasezingeni eliphezulu kungenzeka ukucabangela izimpawu zangaphakathi ezifana nokunambitha, ukunambitheka, iphunga, nezinhlobo zamagilebhisi kanye nolwazi lwangaphambilini, izincomo ezivela kwabanye abathengi, noma ukuhlotshaniswa kwengqondo kwekhasimende newayini.

Iyiphi kulawa kanye neminye imithelela eguquguqukayo yokuthengwa kwewayini izoncika ezintweni ezifana nezwe lekhasimende, imali engenayo, imfundo, kanye nezinto ezithandwa nguwe.

Lolu cwaningo lusitshelani? Ku-State of the US Wine Industry 2023, kuyaphawulwa ukuthi abakhiqizi baseMelika bashoda ngemakethe enkulu ngenxa yemizamo yabo engemihle yokuthengisa ukuze bakhuthaze izizukulwane ezincane kanye nokungakwazi kwabo ukwenza iwayini ngaphakathi kwesabelomali sabathengi abasha (Rob McMillan). Kunamathuba amaningi okukhulisa imakethe yewayini, ngaphakathi nakwamanye amazwe - uma nje abakhiqizi bewayini bamanje bengathembela ezindlebeni zabo kanye nocwaningo.

© UDkt Elinor Garely. Lo mbhalo we-copyright, ofaka nezithombe, awunakukhiqizwa kabusha ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliwe evela kumbhali.

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