Ngisho noma isimo sezulu sishisa ngendlela emangalisayo, ingaphakathi le-Red Location Museum ePort Elizabeth ogwini oluseningizimu Afrika lipholile. Lesi sikhungo sakhiwe kakhulu ngensimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-oxidized iron kanye nokhonkolo onamabala. I-angular pewter façade ikhumbuza amafekthri amaningi ahlukumeza idolobha, okuyisikhungo sezimboni sokuhweba ngezimoto eNingizimu Afrika.
“Lesi sigcinamagugu, kukho kokubili imiklamo kanye nemibukiso, sibonisa ubuqiniso bomzabalazo wale ndawo wokulwa nobandlululo. Umzabalazo wawungafudumele futhi libalele; kwakubuhlungu. Bekufana nobusika obungapheli,” kusho uChris du Preez, umqaphi kanye nomqondisi osabambile kulesi sikhungo, esihlomule izindondo eziningi zezokwakha zamazwe ngamazwe.
Imigwaqo yensimbi egqwalile ilenga phezu kwezivakashi, iqinisa umbono wejele. Imbalwa imibala egqamile ezoheha imibukiso engaphakathi kwe-Red Location Museum, izithunzi ezimpunga kuphela. Amakhona aveza ithunzi elimnyama. Abekho okhaphethi bokuthambisa izinyathelo ezitezi zegranite. Amazwi enanela ngokwesabekayo eziphasejini ezilufifi.
D. Taylor
Ukubuka okusemoyeni kwe-Red Location Museum, etholakala elokishini lase-Port Elizabeth elisafufusa i-New Brighton … Yisikhumbuzo esinjengalesi sokuqala emhlabeni ukwakhiwa phakathi komjondolo ompofu ...
“Ngalesi sikhala, abaklami babefuna ukwakha isimo esingakhululekile nesiphazamisekile; kufana nokuthi usuhlukene futhi uhlukene nomhlaba wonke uma ungena lapha,” kusho uDu Preez. “Ngedwa, ngicindezelwe, ngivalelwe….”
Uyanezela, “Umklamo wefekthri njengoba ubonakala ngaphandle uhlonipha izinyunyana zabasebenzi basePort Elizabeth, okwathi ngenxa yezibhelu zezimboni neziteleka zaba neqhaza elikhulu ekuqedeni ubandlululo…. Futhi, yebo, lesi sigcinamagugu siyafana nejele, ukuze kuhlonishwe bonke labo abakulesi sifunda ababeboshiwe futhi babulawa umbuso wobandlululo.”
Amabhokisi enkumbulo
Inqolobane seyaziwa ngamazwe ngamazwe njengesinye sezikhumbuzo zamalungelo abantu eziphawuleka kakhulu emhlabeni. Lapho zingena, izivakashi zibhekana nezitebhisi ezinkulu zikasimende. Amatshe amatshe akhombisa izithombe ezinkulu zamaqhawe alwa nobandlululo - abanye besaphila, abanye bashona kudala - ababematasa e-Red Location, ilokishi elimpofu elihlala imnyuziyamu. Izindaba zezishoshovu zixoxwa emakhasini angezansi kwezithombe zabo.
Kweminye imibukiso, izehlakalo zasendaweni ezikhombise ukuguquka kwempi yokulwa nobukhosi abamhlophe zivezwa ngamagama, izithombe nomsindo. Njengoba isivakashi sisondela esithombeni samaphoyisa amhlophe agqoke izigqoko, ubuso buqinile nezingalo ezinomsindo ziphethe izibhamu ezizenzakalelayo, kuphuma isililo esidabukisayo esipikheni esiphezulu.
Lesi sililo esisabekayo simelela abanye abayizisulu zalesi sibhicongo esibizwa nge “Langa massacre”. Ngo-1985, ngemuva komngcwabo, abezokuphepha bobandlululo bavulela ngenhlamvu bebhekise esixukwini sabantu ababezilile kuMaduna Road elokishini eliseduze kwaLanga, kwashona abantu abangu-20.
Kodwa izindawo eziyinhloko zalo mnyuziyamu “zingamabhokisi enkumbulo” amakhulu angu-12, angamamitha angu-12 by 6 ukuphakama enziwe ngothayela obovu obubomvu obusetshenziswe abantu bendawo amashumi eminyaka ukuze bakhe imijondolo yabo, okuqanjwe kuyo igama elithi “Indawo Ebomvu”.
“Ibhokisi ngalinye lenkumbulo libonisa indaba yempilo noma umbono womuntu ngamunye noma amaqembu ayelwa nombuso wobandlululo,” kuchaza uDu Preez.
Ebhokisini lenkumbulo lokuhlonipha isishoshovu uVuyisile Mini, kulenga intambo yokuxhonywa ophahleni. Ngo-1964, umfelandawonye wezinyunyana ePort Elizabeth waba ngelinye lamalungu okuqala e-African National Congress (ANC) abulawa umbuso wobandlululo. Umlandi uxoxa indaba kaMini; liyaduma ezikhulumini ngokushesha lapho isivakashi sibeka unyawo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esibi.
Akuyona imnyuziyamu 'evamile'…
Ukuma kwemnyuziyamu kungokomfanekiso kakhulu. Kwakusendaweni yaseRed Location, ekuqaleni kwawo-1950, lapho owayengumongameli uNelson Mandela enza khona “uHlelo” lwakhe lokuhlela amalungu e-ANC abe yinethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke engaphansi komhlaba. Kulapha, ekuqaleni kwawo-1960, lapho i-ANC yaqala khona ukulwa nohulumeni wobandlululo lapho isungula igatsha lokuqala lophiko lwayo lwezempi, uMkhonto weSizwe, noma “Umkhonto Wesizwe.” Futhi phakathi neminyaka yawo-1970 kanye no-1980, Indawo Ebomvu yabona izimpi eziningi ezinonya phakathi kwamasosha amnyama namasosha amhlophe namaphoyisa.
Yize kunjalo naphezu kwendawo ekahle yesikhungo ngokwezimpawu zomlando, ungoti wezamagugu u-Du Preez uthi lesi sigcinamagugu “sihlaselwe yizinselelo” kwasekuqaleni. Ngo-2002, ngenkathi uhulumeni eqala ukuwakha, umphakathi wendawo - bona kanye abantu ababemele ukuzuza kulo msebenzi - baqala imibhikisho ephikisana nawo.
“Kube nezinkinga kancane ngoba umphakathi uzwakalise ukungenami kwawo. Babefuna izindlu; babengenandaba nesigcinamagugu,” kusho uDu Preez.
Okwenezela ekuphikiseni, uyachaza, yiqiniso lokuthi kubantu abaningi abamnyama baseNingizimu Afrika imnyuziyamu “yayingumbono wangaphandle kakhulu … Esikhathini esidlule, izigcinamagugu kanye nalolo hlobo lwento yamasiko kwakunqunyelwe kwabamhlophe baseNingizimu Afrika.”
Umlondolozi uthi abantu abaningi abamnyama baseNingizimu Afrika abakazi ukuthi iyini isigcinamagugu.
“Iningi labantu balapha belicabanga ukuthi sizoba nezilwane lapha. Ngangihlale ngibuzwa lapho ngiqala (ngisebenza lapha), 'Uzoziletha nini izilwane?' Abanye abantu basangena lapha belindele ukubona izilwane, njengokungathi i-zoo lena!” uyahleka.
Ngenxa yakho konke ukudideka nokuphikiswa, umsebenzi wama iminyaka emibili. Kodwa kuthe uhulumeni wesifundazwe wakha ezinye izindlu eRed Location wathembisa ezinye, ukwakhiwa kwaphinde kwaqala.
Umnyuziyamu wakhiwa futhi wethulwa ngo-2006, kodwa ngokushesha kwavela izinselelo ezintsha.
Okuhlekisayo, isikhumbuzo 'esiphikisanayo'
UDu Preez uyachaza, “Lesi sigcinamagugu sokuqala (emhlabeni) esizinze maphakathi nelokishi (elimpofu). Lokho kudala zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga. Isibonelo, imnyuziyamu isetshenziswa umasipala wendawo ngakho-ke ithathwa njengesikhungo sikahulumeni….”
Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma abantu bendawo bengeneme ngokulethwa kwezidingo kuhulumeni njengoba bejwayele ukwenzeka, bangqongqoza kwaDu Preez. Uhleka ngokucasuka, “Lapho abantu benezinkinga (nohulumeni) futhi befuna ukubhikisha noma ukukhombisa (intukuthelo yabo), bakwenza lapha phambi komnyuziyamu!”
Ngakho-ke u-Du Preez uchaza lesi sikhungo ngokuthi “akusiyona imnyuziyamu evamile” kanye “nendawo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngisho nendawo ephikisanayo.” Uyavuma ukuthi kuyaxaka ukuthi into eyakhelwe ukuhlonipha ubushoshovu isiphenduke inhloso yomphakathi.
Ngendlela efanayo njengoba abantu baseRed Location balwela ukuketula umbuso wobandlululo, basaqhubeka nokulwa nokungabi nabulungiswa okucatshangwa ukuthi okwenziwa uhulumeni wamanje we-ANC … besebenzisa lesi sigcinamagugu njengendawo yokusebenzela.
U-Du Preez, nokho, uyakuqonda ukuthi kungani abantu abahlala eduze kwesikhungo bevame ukukhiphela ulaka lwabo emagcekeni aso.
“Abanye balaba bantu basahlala emijondolo lapha; basasebenzisa uhlelo lwamabhakede (ngoba abanazo izindlu zangasese); basebenzisa ompompi bomphakathi; ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kukhulu kule ndawo,” usho kanje.
Izivakashi ezingu-15,000 njalo ngenyanga
Kodwa uDu Preez ugcizelela ukuthi iRed Location Museum manje “seyamukelwa kakhulu” umphakathi wendawo, naphezu kwemibhikisho emelene nohulumeni ngezizathu zayo.
“Asidingi nokuthi … ezokuphepha kule ndawo. Asikaze sigqekezwe lapha; asikaze sibe nezinkinga mayelana nobugebengu lapha. Ngoba abantu bavikela le ndawo; yindawo yabo,” usho kanje.
Ubufakazi bokuthandwa kwalesi sikhungo butholakala ezibalweni zezivakashi. Bakhombisa abantu abangafika kwabayi-15,000 abayivakashela njalo ngenyanga. Iningi lalezi zivakashi, kusho uDu Preez, yintsha emhlophe yaseNingizimu Afrika. Lokhu kuyamkhuthaza nakakhulu.
“Abasawuboni umbala. Abanawo lowo mthwalo (wobandlululo)… Bakhombisa ukuwuthakasela kakhulu umlando womzabalazo; ziyabathinta njengoba nje nanoma iyiphi ingane emnyama inyakaziswa yiyo,” kusho uDu Preez.
Ngaphandle komnyuziyamu kunomsindo wenqwaba yabagayi, ama-jackhammer nama-drill. I-scaffolding iyakhenceza njengoba izisebenzi zikhuphuka. Ukwandiswa okukhulu kwesikhumbuzo sobandlululo kuyaqhubeka. Kwakhiwa isikhungo sezobuciko kanye nesikole sezobuciko, kanye nomtapo wolwazi wokuqala wase-Afrika ophelele wedijithali. Lapha, abasebenzisi - ngamakhompuyutha - maduze bazokwazi ukufinyelela ezincwadini neminye imithombo yolwazi esesimweni sedijithali ngokuphelele, okusheshisa ucwaningo nokufunda.
Ngazo zonke izinguquko kanye nezinselele eziqhubekayo ze-Red Location Museum, u-Du Preez uqinisekile ukuthi uzoqhubeka nokuba inkundla yemibhikisho ephikisana nombuso. Futhi uthi “ukhululeke ngokuphelele” ngalokhu.
Uyamamatheka, “Ngomqondo othile, imibhikisho ngokwayo isiphenduke imibukiso – nobufakazi bokuthi iNingizimu Afrika ekugcineni isiyintando yeningi.”
