Ukucabanga kabusha ngemvuselelo yezokuvakasha

Imise yonke imisebenzi yezokuvakasha futhi yaba nomthelela empilweni yomuntu kanye nomphakathi yabangela usizi futhi yashiya ngemuva usizi olukhulu phakathi kwabantu emazweni ahlukahlukene anamazinga ahlukene obunzima. Njengoba umkhakha wezokuvakasha wawushaywe kanzima yi-COVID-19, lokhu kwadala ukulahlekelwa ukuzethemba kubahambi, kwaba nomthelela empilweni yezenhlalo nezomnotho.

Idatha enzima

Ngokusho kweWorld Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC), ukuqubuka kobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 kubangele umkhakha wezokuvakasha nezokuvakasha ukuthi ulahlekelwe cishe ngama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-4.9, nomnikelo wawo womhlaba wonke ku-GDP wehla ngo-50.4% unyaka nonyaka, uma kuqhathaniswa nokwehla ngo-3.3% komnotho womhlaba. Kube nenhlansi yethemba ngo-2021 njengoba igalelo lezokuvakasha nezokuvakasha ku-GDP likhuphuka ngo-USD 1 trillion (+21.7% likhuphuka) ngo-2021 lafinyelela ku-USD 5.8 trillion, kanti ingxenye yomkhakha womnotho wonke inyuke isuka ku-5.3% ngo-2020 yaya ku-6.1 % ngo-2021. Ukwengeza, umkhakha uthole imisebenzi eyizigidi eziyi-18.2, okusho ukuthi inyuke ngo-6.7%. Izinga lokukhula ligqamile okuletha injabulo kubabambiqhaza njengoba i-GDP yezokuvakasha nezokuvakasha kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngokwesilinganiso ngama-5.8% minyaka yonke phakathi kuka-2022 no-2032, okudlula ukukhula komnotho uwonke (2.7% ngonyaka) okudala okusha okucishe kube izigidi eziyi-126. imisebenzi phakathi neminyaka eyishumi ezayo. 

I-GDP yezokuvakasha nezokuvakasha ingase ibuyele emazingeni ka-2019 ekupheleni kuka-2023. Kodwa-ke, okuningi kuncike endimeni ebambekayo yohulumeni kanye nomkhakha wezohwebo ngokulungiselela izinkinga ezizayo, ukuhlalisana ne-COVID-19 ngokuthatha ukuziphatha okuhlangene nokuzibophezela komuntu ngamunye, ukulula kwezimo ekuvuleni izindawo okuyiwa kuzo, nokuxhumana okungcono nokuhlela, ukubala okumbalwa.

Ezokuvakasha nazo zathinteka kakhulu esifundeni sase-Asia Pacific njengoba zibhalise ukwehla ngo-82% kwezivakashi ezifika ngo-2020 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2019. I-Nepal iphinde yabonisa ukwehla kwabavakashi abafikayo. I-Nepal ibhalise abangu-230,085 nabangu-150,962 ngo-2020 nango-2021 ngokulandelanayo. Phakathi kukaJanuwari-Agasti 2022, ingqikithi yenani labafikayo yarekhodwa ku-326,667. Ukufika kwezivakashi ngo-2020 kucishe kwehle ngo-80% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2019 (1,197,191).

Ukushintsha ukuziphatha kohambo

Umqedazwe we-COVID-19 uguqule indlela yokuziphatha kwezokuvakasha. Ukuziphatha kohambo kuhlanganisa izinqumo ezithile, imisebenzi, imibono, nolwazi olwanelisa izidingo nezimfuno zabathengi. Izifundo eziqhubekayo emhlabeni wonke mayelana nemithelela ye-COVID-19 kanye nekusasa lezokuvakasha nezokuvakasha zibikezela ukuthi amaphethini okusetshenziswa kohambo nokuvakasha angase ashintshe enkathini yangemva kwe-COVID-19. Ucwaningo lwe-Economist Impact lwabahambi abangaphezu kuka-4,500 7 esifundeni - kulo lonke elase-Australia, Japan, India, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, naseThailand - lubonisa ukuthi abangaphezu kwesi-10 kwabangu-71.8 (19%) abaphendulayo bayavuma ukuthi i-COVID -XNUMX ishintshe indlela abacabanga ngayo ngezokuvakasha ezisimeme ngokuyenza ibaluleke kakhulu kubo.

Umphumela wenhlolovo ukhombisa ukuthi u-57% wezivakashi ufuna ukugwema ukuvakasha ngokweqile, kanti u-69.9% kungenzeka ugweme ukuya ezindaweni eziminyene.

Amaphesenti afanayo (71.7%) akhombisa ukuthi maningi amathuba okuthi baye ezindaweni ezibavumela ukuthi bagweme izindawo eziminyene. Ngokungangabazeki, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokucabanga ngokungathi sína ngezindlela zokuthuthukisa izinqubo ezingasiza ekubuyiseleni nasekusimamiseni ezokuvakasha esikhathini sangemva kwe-COVID-19.

Jolt kabili kwezokuvakasha zomhlaba

Ngemuva kwezingxoxo eziningi phakathi kwamazwe angamaLungu, i-UN World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) kulo nyaka kubuyelwe ukuzogxila ekusaseni ngoSuku Lomhlaba Lwezokuvakasha (Septhemba 27) ngendikimba eyinhloko ethi “Rethinking Tourism” ilindele ukuthi ezokuvakasha zilethe ithemba nethuba ezigidini ezihluphekayo ngenxa ye-COVID-19 kanye ne-Ukraine. impi. UNWTO yagqamisa ithuba lokucabanga kabusha ngezokuvakasha ngendlela engcono ngokubeka abantu neplanethi kuqala, nokuletha wonke umuntu osuka kohulumeni namabhizinisi emiphakathini yendawo ndawonye mayelana nombono owabiwe womkhakha ozinzile, obandakanyayo, noqinile. UNWTO bethemba ukuthi uSuku Lomhlaba Lwezokuvakasha luzogujwa njengoba ushintsho olubheke kwezokuvakasha luqashelwa njengensika ebalulekile yentuthuko, futhi kubonakala sengathi inqubekelaphambili ngalezo zindlela iqhubeka kahle. Kafushane, ingqikithi iwumzamo wokuvuselela imboni yezokuvakasha yomhlaba wonke kubhubhane lwangemva kwe-COVID-19 kanye nesimo sempi.

E-Nepal

I-Nepal kufanele ibheke izindlela ezintsha zokuqalisa kabusha ezokuvakasha. Muva nje, uhulumeni umemezele imisebenzi yezokuvakasha engama-73 ngemuva kwezingxoxo eziqinile nomkhakha wezohwebo ukuze kuqiniswe ezokuvakasha. I-Kathmandu Valley (esinye sezifunda zamadolobha amakhulu akhula ngokushesha eNingizimu ye-Asia) ezokuvakasha ziqhutshwa ikakhulukazi amagugu ayo acebile anezindawo zesikhumbuzo ezivikelwe eziyi-7 eziqokwe njengezindawo Zamagugu Omhlaba ze-UNESCO. I-Nepal idinga ukuqhubekela phambili futhi isondele ku-UNESCO ukuze ifakwe ohlwini lwamagugu Amasiko Angaphatheki oletha ukubaluleka okubaluleke kakhulu kumasiko ezwe. Isibonelo, izingxenye eziyi-14 zamaGugu Amasiko Angaphatheki ezivela eNdiya manje sezibhalwe ohlwini lwe-UNESCO. I-Nepal nesiko layo eliyingqayizivele ingabheka phambili okufanayo. U-Gai Jatra no-Indra Jatra, abagujwa kuphela e-Kathmandu Valley, banesisindo esikhulu futhi banethuba elikhulu lokuphinde baxhumane nomhlaba wonke.

Ngama-70s, i-Nepal yaba iphayona lezokuvakasha kwezilwane zasendle futhi yayaziwa kakhulu kumamephu ezokuvakasha, yaziswa kakhulu umhlaba. Owake waba nguNobhala Wezokuvikela wase-US kanye noMongameli WeBhange Lomhlaba, uRobert McNamara, ubonge indlela yaseNepal yokuqala kwezokuvakasha kwezilwane zasendle kanye nokongiwa kwemvelo. UHenry Kissinger, owayenguNobhala Wezangaphandle waseMelika, naye wayemangele ngokuvakasha kwezilwane zasendle zaseNepal. OwayenguNdunankulu wase-India u-Indira Gandhi ukhuthazwe ukuphatha amahlathi kanye nezokuvakasha eNepal kangangokuthi wavuma ukuthi ziningi izinto ongazifunda eNepal. Ukuvakasha kwezilwane zasendle kubhekelela izidingo zezivakashi ezisezingeni eliphezulu, futhi iNepal kufanele izimise njengendawo yokuvakasha esezingeni eliphezulu ngokuvakasha kwezilwane zasendle njengoba izwe linokuqhathanisa okuhle nokuncintisana ngaphezu kwalo. Inkazimulo yakudala ecebile yaseNepal kufanele ivuselelwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ezokuvakasha.

Ukukhanyisa ngokuvakasha okusimeme

I-Sustainable Tourism for Livelihood Recovery Project (STLRP), ukuqaliswa okuhlanganyelwe yiBhodi Lezokuvakasha laseNepal kanye ne-UNDP, yethulwa ngo-2021 ngezinhlelo eziklanyelwe ngokuphelele izinzuzo zephansi lamaphiramidi asebenza emkhakheni wezokuvakasha. I-STLRP isebenze ngokukhethekile ekuhlinzekeni ngezidingo zokuphila ngokushesha ngamathuba omsebenzi wesikhashana emiphakathini ethembele kwezokuvakasha esengozini, ikakhulukazi abesifazane kanye nabantu abavela emaqenjini ahlwempu emkhakheni wezokuvakasha asebelahlekelwe yimisebenzi noma iholo ngenxa ye-COVID-19. Iphinde yakhuluma ngokudala amathuba omsebenzi kanye nemali engenayo yabasebenzi bezokuvakasha ngokulungiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yezokuvakasha ezindaweni ezinkulu ezihanjelwa izivakashi. Ubambiswano nezinhlangano ezihlukene zezokuvakasha lwenziwa ukuze kudluliselwe ukuqeqeshwa okusekelwe kumakhono njengokuqeqeshwa kokuqondisa emfuleni, ukuqeqeshwa komhlahlandlela wokupheka oseqophelweni eliphezulu, ukuqeqeshwa komhlahlandlela wokuhamba, kanye nokuqeqeshwa okujwayelekile kokuphathwa kwezindawo zokudlela kanye namabha ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinsiza zabantu ezisezingeni eliphezulu.

Lo msebenzi usebenzisana nohulumeni basekhaya abayisi-8 ekwakhiweni kwengqalasizinda yezokuvakasha esungule izinsuku zabantu abayizi-5,450 zokuqashwa kuze kube nguMeyi 2022.

Futhi, i-STLRP yeseka ukuqiniswa kwendawo yokuhlala ngokwakhiwa konqenqema ezindaweni ezinengozi yezikhukhula esigodini sasePheriche (amamitha angu-4,300) eKhumbu lapho kwakhiwa khona udonga oluyigabion olulinganiselwa kumamitha angu-390 ukuvikela ukuchichima emifuleni eseduze nasezinguzunga zamaqhwa. izikhukhula zechibi ezibonisa ukuzibophezela kwayo emiphakathini yendawo, umnotho, kanye nokusimama. Ngokungafani namanye amazwe ayegxile ngokuphelele endleleni eya phezulu kanye nokuklama izinhlelo zokubuyisela labo abasesiphethweni esiphezulu sephiramidi, i-STLRP yanakekela ngokuphelele phansi lephiramidi ngokusungula kabusha nokucabangisisa ezokuvakasha kanye nokuvuselela imiphakathi yendawo.

Inselele enkulu ukubuyisela ukuzethemba kwezokuvakasha okungenzeka kuphela ngokuhamba. Kufanele ihlanganise ukuhlakanipha kwendoda endala kanye nenjabulo nelukuluku lomntwana. Isikhathi sesilungile sokucabanga kabusha ngezokuvakasha futhi siyisungule kabusha ngomthwalo wemfanelo omusha ngendlela ephusile. Ngokungangabazeki, indikimba ifike ngesikhathi lapho abantu bebheke umkhakha wezokuvakasha ukuthi ulethe usizo ekuqedeni usizi lwabo ngokuthi bacabange kabusha ezokuvakasha ukuze zithuthuke, okuhlanganisa imfundo, imisebenzi, ukuhlonyiswa ngamakhono, izinsiza zabantu abaqeqeshiwe, kanye nomthelela wezokuvakasha iplanethi kanye namathuba okukhula ngokuqhubekayo. UNWTO ucele wonke umuntu ukuthi acabange kabusha izindlela ezintsha zokuvuselela ezokuvakasha zizonke.