Kulesi sihloko saleli sonto, sihlola icala lika-Sobel v. Institute For Shipboard Education, 2017 US Dist. I-LEXIS 10621 (WD Va. 2017) lapho iNkantolo iphawule khona ukuthi “Lesi senzo sokulimala komuntu siqu sivela ekuhlaselweni ngokocansi okwenzeka ngesikhathi ummangali, uMolly Sobel, efunda phesheya ngohlelo olunikezwa yi-Institute for Shipboard Education (ISE). Icala njengamanje liphambi kwenkantolo mayelana nesicelo esivuselelwe se-ISE sesinqumo esifinyeziwe kanye nesicelo sika-Sobel sokugunyaza ukufaka isikhalazo esichitshiyelwe. Ngezizathu ezilandelayo, isiphakamiso se-ISE sizovunyelwa, futhi umnyakazo ka-Sobel uzonqatshelwa. Ukwengeza, izimangalo zikaSobel ezibhekiswe kuShailesh Tripathu, osolwa ngokuhlukumeza ngokocansi, zizochithwa ngaphandle kokucwasa”.
Ukuvuselelwa Kokuqondiwe Kobuphekula
Germany
Ekushushisweni kwamacala obushokobezi eJalimane agxume kane kulo mbiko wonyaka, i-travewirenews (10/22/2017) kwaphawulwa “Kuze kube manje kulo nyaka, abashushisi kudingeke ukuthi babhekane namacala ahlobene nobuphekula angaphezu kuka-900, cishe angama-800 kuwo ahlanganisa ama-radical. AmaSulumane, ihhovisi lomshushisi litshele iphephandaba i-Welt am Sonntag. Lokhu akuhlanganisi nje kuphela amatulo okuhlasela iJalimane kodwa namacala amajihadist ashiya izwe ayolwa e-Iraq naseSyria. Ngokusho kwesikhungo sezobunhloli saseJalimane i-BfV, abantu abangaba ngu-950 bashiye iJalimane beya ezindaweni zempi eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Abesifazane nezingane, kuhlanganise nalabo abathathwe yimindeni yabo, benza cishe ingxenye yesine yaleli qembu, kanti abangu-150 kwabahambe lapho bashonile”.
Amaphoyisa aseMunich: Abaningi abalimele ngesikhathi begwaza, i-travelwirenews (10/21/2017) kuphawulwe ukuthi "Kulimele abantu abambalwa eMunich ngemuva kokuthi umhlaseli ongaziwa ehambe egwaza (elimaza) okungenani abantu abane".
IMaiduguri, eNigeria
Idelakufa libulale abantu abangu-13 enyakatho-mpumalanga yedolobha laseNigeria, i-travewirenews (10/22/2017) kuphawulwe ukuthi "Idelakufa libulale abantu abangu-13 edolobheni elisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeMaiduguri ngeSonto... Abantu, bahlasela indawo yedolobha iMuna Garage…Le ndawo iyikhaya lenkambu yalabo ababalekela impi yeBoko Haram Islamist”.
Philippines
E-Villamor, Usongo lwe-ISIS e-Philippines Lusabalala Ezimpini Ezikude, izikhathi eziningi (10/24/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “Umholi we-Islamic State e-Philippines…ufile…Kodwa ithonya le-Islamic State ePhilippines lisekude ukuphela. futhi imiphakathi yase-Mindanao ibheke izimpi ezilandelayo…Leyo nhlangano ehlukanisayo kanye nenzondo yamahlelo nepolitiki eyayiqhuba, ayizange iphele. Iguquke yaba amaqembu ezihonga amaSulumane alwa nohulumeni amashumi eminyaka futhi eminyakeni yamuva nje yabonakala iyisizinda esivundile semibono ye-Islamic State… ”
Umugqa Wesikhathi Wokuhlasela wase-Somalia wango-2017
Ekuhlaselweni eSomalia-umugqa wesikhathi wango-2017, i-travewirenews (10/21/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi: “Kubulawe ibhomu lika-Jan 2 lokuzibulala, u-Jan 3 Ukuqhuma kwe-7, uJan 3 kwabulawa ibhomu lemoto 28, Feb 28 kwabulawa ibhomu lokuzibulala, 19, Mar 39 Kubulawe ibhomu lemoto 13, Ephreli 5 Kwabulawa ibhomu lemoto 4, Ephreli 3 Kwabulawa ibhomu emotweni, 9 kwabulawa ibhomu, Ephreli 15 ukuhlasela kodaka 7 kwabulawa, Meyi 3 kwabulawa ibhomu lokuzibulala, ngoMeyi 8 kwabulawa ibhomu lesi-8, ngoJuni 25 kwabulawa ibhomu lemoto 8, Juni 15 Kubulawe ibhomu 9, Jun 20 Kubulawe ibhomu lemoto 15, Jul 22 Kubulawe ibhomu eliseceleni komgwaqo 7, Jul 2 Kubulawe ibhomu emotweni, Agasti 2 Kubulawe ibhomu lemoto, Aug 30 Kubulawe ibhomu eli-6, Sep 4 Kwabulawa ibhomu 1, Sep 11 Imoto kubulawa ibhomu 1, Oct 10 Ukuqhuma 6 kwabulawa”. Futhi ngomhla zingama-28 kuMfumfu wezi-7 ibhomu eliseMgwaqweni libulala abayi-14 ngaphandle kwenhloko-dolobha yaseSomalia eMogadishu, travelwirenews (358/22/2017).
Kukhanya EPuerto Rico
Encwadini ethi Acosta & Robles, Puerto Ricans Buza: Ingabe Izibani Zizobuya Nini?, nytimes (10/20/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “Emasontweni amane ngemva kweSiphepho uMaria, siphethe imimoya efinyelela kumamayela angu-155 ngehora, sakhipha amandla. kuso sonke isiqhingi, amaphesenti angu-8 ePuerto Rico awakabi nawo ugesi. Ezinye izakhamizi azinawo amandla izinsuku ezingama-45-selokhu iSiphepho u-Irma sadlula ngemuva koSuku Lwabasebenzi. KuMnu. Rodriquez, lokho kusho ukusebenzisa amakhandlela ukukhanyisa nesitofu segesi ukupheka. Uthenga amasemishi namasemishi kashizi kanye nekhofi ngesikhathi sasekuseni”. noma nini
Imithetho Emisha Yokuphepha Yendiza
E-Shepardson & Freed, Izindiza zilungiselela imithetho emisha yezokuphepha yase-US kusukela ngoLwesine, Reuters (10/26/2017) kuphawulwe ukuthi “Izinyathelo ezintsha zokuphepha ezihlanganisa nokuhlolwa okuqinile kwabagibeli ziqala ukusebenza ngoLwesine kuzo zonke izindiza eziya e-US...Izindiza ezithintwe ngu AbakwaReuters bathi lezi zinyathelo ezintsha zingabandakanya izingxoxo ezimfushane zezokuphepha nabagibeli lapho bengena noma esangweni lokugibela, bekhuluma ngokukhathazeka ngokubambezeleka kwendiza kanye nesikhathi esengeziwe sokucubungula. Zizothinta abagibeli bezindiza abangama-325,000 ezindizeni zezentengiselwano ezingaba ngu-2,100 ezifika nsuku zonke e-United States, ezindizeni eziyi-180 ezivela ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezingama-280”.
Catalonia, Uxoshiwe!
E-Minder & Kingsley, eSpain Ichitha Uhulumeni WaseCatalonia Ngemva Kwesifunda Simemezela Inkululeko, izikhathi eziningi (10/27/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “umholi waseSpain uxoshe uhulumeni wesifunda saseCatalonia esihlubukayo ngoLwesihlanu, wahlakaza iphalamende lesifunda futhi wayala ukuba kube nokhetho olusha ngemuva kokuba abenzi bezomthetho baseCatalan. umenyezelwe ngokungemthetho njengesizwe esizimele. Lo mbhikisho ukhulise inkinga enkulu yezepolitiki emashumini eminyaka ukuhlasela iSpain, esanda kuvela ekuwohlokeni komnotho okuthathe isikhathi eside. ICatalonia iyingxenye ebalulekile yomnotho waseSpain, okuyizwe lesihlanu ngobukhulu eYurophu”.
Amagciwane Adla Inyama Engeziwe
E-Hauser, 'Amagciwane Adla Inyama' Abangela Ukufa Kwesibili e-Texas Kusukela Kwesiphepho u-Harvey, nytimes (2/10/26) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “Indoda eneminyaka engu-2017 ubudala eyasiza ukulungisa izindlu eGalveston, Tex., Ngemva KweSiphepho Harvey, ubulawe yisifo esiyivelakancane esidalwa yilokho okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi amagciwane adla inyama…Bekuyisigameko sesibili esibikiwe sokufa komuntu ngenxa yalesi sifo kusukela iSiphepho uHarvey sakhukhula ezingxenyeni ezithile zaseTexas ngo-August”.
Sala kahle Puppy Mills & Kitten Factories
E-Fortin, eCalifornia Itshela Izitolo Zezilwane Ezifuywayo Izinja Zazo Nekati Kufanele Zihlenge, nytimes (10/17/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “Ekushayeni abafuyi bezilwane ezihwebayo nabadayisi, izitolo zezilwane zaseCalifornia maduze kuzofanele zithole imidlwane yazo, amakati. kanye onogwaja abavela ezindaweni zokukhosela nasezikhungweni zokuhlenga kuphela. Abantu ngabanye basengakwazi ukuthenga kubafuyi abazimele. Kodwa kusukela ngoJanuwari 2019, kuzobe kungekho emthethweni ukuthi izitolo zenze kanjalo. Abaphula umthetho bazohlawuliswa u-$500. Umthethosivivinywa…wawusekelwa kakhulu izinhlangano zenhlalakahle yezilwane eziningana, ezikujabulele njengokulimaza 'izimboni zomdlwane' kanye 'namafekthri amakati' akhiqiza izilwane eziningi ezithengiswayo, ezikhathini eziningi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinonya”.
Abantaba Izintaba Bafela eMongolia
Kwashona abaqwali bezintaba abangu-10, abangu-7 abanyamalala endaweni ephakeme kakhulu yaseMongolia, i-travewirenews (10/23/2017) kuphawulwe ukuthi “Izidumbu zabantu abangu-10 ababanjwe endaweni ephakeme kakhulu yaseMongolia, i-Otgontenger, zitholwe abatakuli... labaqwali bezintaba basalahleke. Iqembu labaqwali abangu-30, abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-30 no-50, bashaywe ukuqhuma kweqhwa ngesikhathi lehla lisuka esiqongweni samamitha angu-4,021”.
Abaqwali Bentaba Bangana Ekufeni
UCaron, Abadukile Abaqwala Izintaba Batholakale Beshonile Ngenxa Yokudutshulwa, Futhi Bekhiyiwe Esontweni, izikhathi eziningi (10/23/2017) kuphawulwe ukuthi “Abaqwali ababili abatholwe izidumbu zabo ngesonto eledlule emhosheni owumqansa epaki yesizwe eSouthern California bashone amanxeba okudutshulwa…kulokho okubonakale njengokuzibulala. Izidumbu zabaqwali...zitholwe zigonane ngaphansi kwesihlahla eJoshua Tree National Park. Amaphethelo abo aphansi ayembozwe izingubo. Bebengenawo amanzi futhi bekubonakala sengathi bebehlukanisela ukudla kwabo”.
Imali Yomthwalo Idala Usongo Lwebhomu
Kwakamuva: Ukuboshwa esikhumulweni sezindiza iLaGuardia kuphazamisa ukuhamba, travelwirenews (10/15/2017) kuphawulwe ukuthi “Umgibeli oneminyaka engu-70 ubudala oboshwe esikhumulweni sezindiza saseNew York iLaGuardia ngemuva kokuthi iziphathimandla zithi wesabise umenzeli wamathikithi akaliphikanga icala. usongela amaphekula…Iziphathimandla zithi (uMnu. X) wathukuthela lapho etshelwa ukuthi kunemali engu-$50 yokuhlola isikhwama sakhe…Abashushisi bathi (uMnu. X) utshele osebenzela amathikithi eSpirit Airlines ukuthi kunebhomu esikhwameni futhi. wazama ukuhamba”.
Kudingeka Izikhombi Zenyoka
ENyuvesi iqasha abathakathi benyoka ngemva kokushona komfundi, i-travewirenews (10/23/2017) kuphawulwe ukuthi “Inyuvesi yaseNigeria isithathe kanzima ngokuqasha abathakathi ukuze basize ekuqedeni inkinga yezilwane ezihuquzelayo ngemuva kokushona komfundi obe ulunywe yinyoka ekuqaleni kwalenyanga”.
I-Kuwait Iba Kanzima Ekwephulwani Kwethrafikhi
E-Kuwait iqinisa izinhlawulo zokwephula umthetho womgwaqo, i-travewirenews (10/24/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi iziphathimandla zase-Kuwait zizoqinisa izinhlawulo ngokuphulwa komgwaqo endleleni yazo yakamuva yokuphoqelela isiko lokushayela eliphephile ezweni. Abashayeli ababanjwe besebenzisa (omakhalekhukhwini) noma bengawafakile amabhande izimoto zabo zizoboshwa izinyanga ezimbili”.
Ukugibela Izindunduma
E-Schwartz, Do the Dunes: Where You Can Ride The Sand, nytimes (10/25/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “Kwakusele izihlibhi zesihlabathi ezimbili kuphela endaweni yokuqasha lapho ngifika ngolunye usuku ekuseni ngoJuni esitolo sase-Oasis eduze kwaseGreat. I-Sand Dunes National Park futhi Gcina eningizimu yeColorado. Futhi ayengekho…Kwakungekho mathikithi okugibela, kungekho olayini, kungekho mizila nezihlahla okufanele zigwenywe. Kwakukhona indawo ekhangayo nomuzwa wokwaneliseka wokuphatha ibhokisi lesihlabathi. I-Sandboard Magazine ibala izindawo ongazigibela esihlabathini emazweni angu-44 kuwebhusayithi yayo, okuhlanganisa nezindawo ezicishe zibe ngu-90 ezifundazweni ezingu-25”.
I-Doping Iditarod Dogs
Egatsheni, Imfihlakalo ye-Iditarod Doping Mystery: Ubani Owehlisele iTramadol ezinjeni?, nytimes (10/24/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “Lapho nje izwe lezemidlalo licabanga ukuthi likuzwile konke ekudongeni-kanye kuza i-Iditarod. Ihlazo lokusebenzisa izidakamizwa lihlasele umjaho odume kakhulu emhlabeni wezihlibhi zezinja, uhambo lwamamayela angu-1,000 e-Alaska ophela ngo-Nome njalo ngoMashi. Izinja ezine eqenjini eliphethwe u-Dallas Seavey, umpetha wamahlandla amane kanye ne-musher ovelele kwezemidlalo, zihlolelwe amazinga aphezulu e-Tramadol, isidambisi sezinhlungu ze-opioid...Abukho ubufakazi bokuthi u-Seavey uyena owanikeza. izinja zakhe izidakamizwa, futhi washo ngokuqinile ukuthi umsulwa…Waphakamisa incazelo, uma ejwayele, incazelo: ukucekela phansi”.
Umshwalense Wokuphunyula Ungakufanelekela
Ngokuwa okungajwayelekile kowesifazane kuholele ekutheni ahlale esibhedlela izinsuku ezingu-8 e-Japan, 'izifundo ezifundiwe' mayelana nomshwalense wokuhamba, i-travelwirenews (10/14/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “Kwakuwuhambo olubizayo ngezindlela ezingaphezu kweyodwa (Nkk. X) ). Ukuhamba nje okulula ukuya kwesokunxele-isitebhisi esiseceleni sisuka kukhaphethi siya endaweni epholishiwe ngenkathi sithwebula umbhangqwana ogibeleni olwandle okuhlalise owesifazane oneminyaka engu-74 ubudala…owesifazane osesibhedlela saseJapan izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili kanye nendiza yezokwelapha ebizayo eya ekhaya. ….okwenze isipiliyoni saba buhlungu kakhulu, wathi, yiqiniso lokuthi ukube ubethenge enye imali engu-$99 yomshwalense wokuhamba, yena nomyeni wakhe bekungeke kudingeke bakhokhe 'ikhala' ukuze bambuyisele ekhaya, lapho. wahlinzwa ukuze alungise umlenze wakhe owawulimele”.
Ngicela, ungene Ezweni
E-Patel, e-Antarctica, Izinguzunga Zeqhwa Ezimbili Ezibalulekile Ziya Olwandle, ngezikhathi ezithile (10/26/2017) kwaphawulwa “Izinguzunga zeqhwa ezimbili ezihamba ngokushesha ezwekazini eliyiqhwa zichitha inani elandayo leqhwa oLwandle i-Amundsen unyaka ngamunye. Izinguzunga zeqhwa zasePine Island naseThwaites ziphakathi kwezibucayi kakhulu emhlabeni. Njengamanje babambe iqhwa okuthi uma liyancibilika linyuse izilwandle zomhlaba cishe ngamamitha amane emakhulwini eminyaka, okuyinani elingafaka amadolobha amaningi asogwini ngaphansi kwamanzi”.
Izikhalazo ze-Uber eLondon
E-Uber ikhalaza ngokulahlekelwa ilayisense e-London, i-travewirenews (10/13/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “Inkampani ye-Ride-hailing Uber ifake isikhalazo ngokumelene nomlawuli wezokuthutha wase-London ngemuva kokulahlekelwa ilayisense yayo yokusebenza edolobheni. Amaphepha ahanjiswe eNkantolo yeMantshi yase-Westminster futhi isikhalazo kufanele senziwe ngoDisemba…'Nakuba namuhla sesifake isicelo sethu sokubuyekeza ukuze abaseLondon baqhubeke nokusebenzisa uhlelo lwethu lokusebenza, sithemba ukuqhubeka nokuba nezingxoxo ezakhayo neTransport For London (TFL). Njengoba i-CEO yethu entsha isishilo, sizimisele ukulungisa izinto', kusho umkhulumeli wenkampani”.
Idatha ye-Uber's Paris Travel
E-Uber ivula imininingwane yokuhamba yaseParis emphakathini, i-travewirenews (10/20/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi "u-Uber uthe ngoLwesihlanu uzovula iqoqo lakhe ledatha yokuhamba eParis emphakathini ukusiza izikhulu zedolobha nabahleli basemadolobheni kangcono. baqonde izidingo zokuhamba, njengoba inkampani ifuna ukunxenxa iziphathimandla zikazwelonke. Uhlelo lokusebenza lwase-US lwe-ride-hailing luqoqa inani elikhulu ledatha ezinkulungwaneni zezigidi zohambo oluthathwa amakhasimende alusebenzisela ukuthuthukisa izinkonzo zalo futhi lusanda kuqala ukulwenza lutholakale emadolobheni amaningana ahlanganisa i-Washington DC, i-Sydney ne-Boston”.
I-MetroCard yaseNew York City Iphelile
E-Barron, eNew York Ukushintsha I-MetroCard NgeNdlela Yesimanje Yokukhokha Imali Yokuthutha, nytimes (10/24/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “Okokuqala kwakukhona amathikithi amancane ephepha abiza i-nickel. Kwabe sekuba ne-nickel ngokwayo, ngoba kwaze kwaba ngemva nje kweMpi Yezwe II, i-nickel ukuphela kwento eyenza ama-turnstiles ahamba ngaphansi komhlaba azungeze. Kwabe sekufika i-dime, elandelwa uphawu-uhlobo lwemali olulodwa lweDolobha laseNew York. Futhi kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990 bekuneMetrocard, eyabonakala, egobekayo, elahlekayo futhi engathembekile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Manje (i-MetroCard) isendleleni yokuphuma…Kusukela ngasekupheleni konyaka ozayo, bangakwenza ngendlela abantu baseLondon asebevele benza ngayo, ngokuvayizisa omakhalekhukhwini noma izinhlobo ezithile zamakhadi esikweletu noma edebhithi ezindaweni ezijikajikayo emgwaqweni ongaphansi komhlaba noma amabhokisi okugibela emabhasini”.
Icala Lomthetho Wezokuvakasha Weviki
Odabeni lwe-Sobel iNkantolo yaphawula ukuthi “i-ISE iyinhlangano engenzi nzuzo ezinze e-Delaware, enendawo yayo eyinhloko yebhizinisi e-Charlottesville, eVirginia. I-ISE iphethe uhlelo lweSemester at Sea study phesheya, olunikeza abafundi ithuba lokuthatha izifundo zasekolishi ngomkhumbi wabagibeli ohamba amazwe ngamazwe”.
Ukufaka isicelo sokubamba iqhaza
“USobel, isakhamuzi saseCalifornia, ubambe iqhaza kwiSemester at Sea Spring 2013 Voyage. Ukuze athole ukwamukelwa ohlelweni, uSobel wagcwalisa isicelo se-inthanethi lapho avuma khona 'ukwamukela noma yiziphi izimo ezibophezelayo ezivame ukusebenza ekuvunyelweni kwabathweswe iziqu eSemester at Sea, okuhlanganisa naleyo ebekwe ku-Voyager's Handbook kanye nenkontileka yethikithi. ”.
Isaziso Nokufinyelela Kumibandela
“Inkontileka yethikithi ebaluliwe…kanye ne-Voyager's Handbook bekutholakala ukuthi kubuyekezwe kuwebhusayithi ye-ISE ekhasini le-Sobel elithi MyVoyage. Ngemva kokufaka isicelo sokuhambela lolu hlelo, u-Sobel wanikwa igama-mfihlo elimvumela ukuthi afinyelele kulawo madokhumenti nezinye izinto zohlelo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho engena ekhasini lakhe le-MyVoyage, uSobel wayeqoka ibhokisi elithi uyavuma ukulethela incwadi yeVoyager's Handbook, Inkontileka YeThikithi kanye neminye imibhalo equkethwe kuyo. USobel ungene kuwebhusayithi izikhathi ezingaphezu kweziyi-100 futhi wakwazi ukufinyelela Inkontileka Yamathikithi ngewebhusayithi isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka owodwa. Ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale uhlelo lukaSobel lweSemester at Sea, wanikezwa iphakethe elithi 'Voyage Preparations' kanye 'Nemininingwane Yokuqalisa'. Ikhasi lokuqala layo yomibili imibhalo likhomba ukuthi 'into ebaluleke kakhulu' umfundi angayenza ukuze alungiselele uhambo lwakhe ukufunda i-Voyager's Handbook kanye neNkontileka yeThikithi, 'equkethe ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu'”.
Impilo Nokuphepha Kwabafundi
“”[T]he Voyager's Handbook igcizelela ukuthi i-ISE izibophezele 'empilweni nokuphepha' kwabafundi bayo…Esigabeni esiphathelene 'nohambo lwasezindaweni', i-Voyager's Handbook ithi 'uhambo lwenkundla oluxhaswe yi-ISE luhlinzekwa ngabasebenzisi abathembekile. abahlangabezana nemibandela yokukhetha, babambe iqhaza ekuhlolweni kokusebenza futhi abanobudlelwano besikhathi eside bomsebenzi nesikhungo' kanye nokuthi '[t]laba abaqhubi bezokuvakasha bahlele izinto zokuhamba eziphephile nezithembekile, bakhethe amahhotela ahlinzeka ngendawo evikelekile[,] futhi banikeze imihlahlandlela enolwazi …' I-Voyager's Handbook idikibalisa kakhulu abafundi ukuthi babambe iqhaza ohambweni olungaxhasiwe yi-ISA, njengoba bengase bangalandeli 'izindinganiso zokuphepha eziqinile' ze-ISE.
Imikhawulo Yesikhathi Sokumangalela
“Inkontileka Yethikithi ihlanganisa inani lezinhlinzeko ezithinta amalungelo omthetho ommangali, okuhlanganisa nesimiso esilinganiselwe esisebenza emacaleni okulimala emzimbeni noma ukufa. Umugqa wokuqala Wenkontileka Yethikithi ugcizelela (phakathi kokunye ukuthi kukhona) 'imikhawulo yesikhathi sokunikeza isaziso sezimangalo, ifayela kanye nesinqumo (Isigaba 15) (esiqukethe) izinhlinzeko ezimbili zomkhawulo, esisodwa esisebenza ezimangalweni 'zokulimala komzimba noma ukufa. ' kanye nokunye okusebenzayo 'kwezinye izimangalo'…Isigaba 15(a) sihlinzeka ngokuthi izenzo eziwumphumela wokulimala emzimbeni noma ukufa kufanele zifakwe 'phakathi konyaka ongu-1 kusukela ngosuku lokulimala noma lokufa komzimba'. Isigaba 15(b) sithi amacala asukela 'noma yimuphi umonakalo, ukubambezeleka noma okunye ukulahlekelwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo noma imbangela yanoma iyiphi enye indlela ngaphandle kokufa noma ukulimala emzimbeni' kufanele 'afakwe phakathi nezinyanga eziyisi-6 kusukela ngosuku olwaqedwa ngalo uhambo'”.
Ukuhlukunyezwa Ngokocansi
“USobel kanye nabanye abafundi ababebambe iqhaza ku-Spring Voyage ka-2013 bahamba ngomkhumbi wabagibeli osuka e-San Diego, eCalifornia ngo-January 9, 2013. Ngo-March 6, 2013, umkhumbi wama e-Cochin, e-India. Ngaphambi kokuma, u-Sobel uthenge ithikithi lohambo lwenkambu oluxhaswe yi-ISE oluya e-Agra nase-Varanasi, olwahlelwa futhi lwahlinzekwa yi-Abercrombie & Kent India. U-Shailesh Tripathi, isisebenzi se-Abercrombie & Kent, usebenze njengomhlahlandlela wokuvakasha weqembu lika-Sobel. Ngobusuku bangoMashi 9, 2013, uSobel waya egumbini lehhotela lika-Tripathi ukuze afunde isundu. UTripathi wabe esebamba isitho sangasese sikaSobel wamphoqa ukuthi enze isenzo socansi kuye. Ekugcineni wamkhulula u-Sobel ekamelweni lakhe lasehhotela ngabo-1:00 ekuseni ngo-March 10, 2013″.
Icala
“Cishe eminyakeni emibili kamuva, ngoMashi 6, 2015, uSobel wafaka icala elisheshayo ngokumelene ne-ISE, Abercrombie & Kent LLC, Abercrombie & Kent Destination Management kanye ne-Tripathi eNkantolo Yesifunda Yase-United States yeSifunda Esisenyakatho yeCalifornia (esidluliselwe ngaphandle kokuphikiswa. enkantolo yesifunda sombuso eVirginia) ngokusekelwe esigatshaneni sokukhetha inkundla Kunkontileka Yamathikithi. I-ISE ihanjiswe ukuze ithole isahlulelo esifingqiwe ngesisekelo sokuthi izimangalo zommangali zivinjelwe ilungiselelo lomkhawulo wonyaka owodwa Kunkontileka Yethikithi”.
Izimangalo Eziphikisana no-Tripathi
“Irekhodi liveza ukuthi uSobel uhlulekile ukwenza icala ngendlela efanele kummangalelwa…Lapha, sekuphele cishe iminyaka emibili uSobel afaka isikhalazo sakhe futhi akukho okukhombisa ukuthi uzame ukusiza u-Tripathi ngendlela edingwa uMthetho 4(f). Noma yikuphi 'ubunzima bokwenza inkonzo ibe ngcono kummangalelwa wangaphandle akuzona izaba zokwehluleka kommangali ukwenza umzamo ofanelekile wokwenza kanjalo'”. Izimangalo ezimelene no-Tripathi zichithwe ngaphandle kokubandlulula.
Isikhathi Somkhawulo Wecala Lonyaka owodwa we-ISE
“Inkontileka yethikithi lohambo lwasolwandle iyinkontileka yasolwandle elawulwa umthetho wombuso wasolwandle…Ngomthetho, (umgibeli wasolwandle) izinkontileka zamathikithi zingaqukatha ukulingisa isikhathi sokufaka isicelo sokulimala komuntu noma ukufa, inqobo nje uma umkhawulo ungekho unyaka owodwa ngemuva kosuku lokulimala noma lokufa'. Ngaphansi komthetho wombuso wasolwandle, inhlinzeko yomkhawulo iyasebenza futhi iyasebenziseka inqobo nje uma (1) ukunikezwa kwakwaziswa ummangali ngokunengqondo futhi (2) kufaneleka kakhulu”.
Ukuhlolwa Kokuxhumana Okuphusile
“Emva kokubuyekeza Inkontileka Yamathikithi okukhulunywa ngayo, inkantolo iphethe ngokuthi ibazisa ngokwanele abagibeli ukuba khona kwemibandela ebalulekile ethinta amalungelo abo angokomthetho…Maqondana 'nokuthenga nokugcina ithikithi/inkontileka' kuka-Sobel irekhodi liveza ukuthi u-Sobel… unikezwe igama-mfihlo elimvumela ukuthi angene futhi afinyelele izinto zohlelo kuwebhusayithi ye-ISE, okuhlanganisa neNkontileka Yethikithi (ayifinyelele izikhathi ezingaphezu kweziyi-100 (futhi) [e]isikhathi ngasinye lapho engene ku-Sobel kwakudingeka aqoke ibhokisi elishoyo ukuthi ivumile ukwamukela ukulethwa nge-elekhthronikhi kwamadokhumenti athile okuhlanganisa neNkontileka Yethikithi…inkantolo iphethe ngokuthi isikhathi esinqunyelwe kwiNkontileka Yethikithi sidluliselwe ku-Sobel ngokunengqondo”.
Ukulunga Okuyisisekelo
“Ekunqumeni ukuthi ukunikezwa komkhawulo wonyaka owodwa kunobulungiswa ngokuyisisekelo, inkantolo kufanele futhi icabangele ukuthi ingabe i-ISE ithole 'ukufinyelela kuka-Sobel ku...isigatshana sokukhwabanisa noma ukweqisa'...Ngaphandle kobufakazi bokuthi ukufakwa kwesihlinzeko somkhawulo Inkontileka Yamathikithi iwumkhiqizo wokukhwabanisa nokweqisa, inkantolo iphethe ngokuthi lokhu kunikezwa kunobulungiswa futhi kuyaphoqelela”.
Isiphetho
“Njengoba sesiphethe ngokuthi umkhawulo wonyaka owodwa uyasebenza futhi uyasebenziseka, inkantolo kufanele manje inqume ukuthi umbandela uyasebenza yini ezimangalweni ezishiwo…Ngokusekelwe olimini olulula lweNkontileka YeThikithi futhi ngokuhambisana nomthetho wamacala akhona, inkantolo iphetha ngokuthi ukunikezwa komkhawulo wonyaka owodwa kusebenza kuzo zonke izimangalo zika-Sobel ngokumelene ne-ISE”.
Umbhali, uThomas A. Dickerson, uyi-Associate Justice esethathe umhlalaphansi ye-Appellate Division, uMnyango Wesibili weNkantolo Ephakeme YaseNew York State futhi ubelokhu ebhala ngeTravel Law iminyaka engama-41 kubandakanya nezincwadi zakhe zomthetho ezivuselelwa minyaka yonke, iTravel Law, i-Law Journal Press. (2016), Litigating International Torts in US Courts, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2016), Class Actions: The Law of 50 States, Law Journal Press (2016) kanye nezindatshana zomthetho ezingaphezu kuka-400 eziningi zazo ezitholakala ku-nycourts.gov/courts/ 9jd / taxcertatd.shtml. Ukuze uthole izindaba ezengeziwe zomthetho wezokuvakasha nentuthuko, ikakhulukazi emazweni angamalungu e-EU bheka i-IFTTA.org
Lo mbhalo awunakukhiqizwa kabusha ngaphandle kwemvume kaThomas A. Dickerson.
Funda eziningi ze- Izindatshana zikaJustice Dickerson lapha.
