Wazalelwa kwaBra, ikhono lakhe lalifanelekile ngenkathi yena kanye nozakwabo bakha i-Friends of Barolo Association. Iqembu likhiqize ikhathalogi yamawayini, okuhlanganisa namaphepha edatha anombhalo welebula ngalinye agcina eseyi-Vini d'Italia guide.
Iwayini Lingena Kwezombusazwe
E-Italy, uPetrini wabuka inhlangano ekhulayo yokudla okusheshayo yaseMelika ngokwethuka.
Wabona ukwehla okusongela amasiko okudla endawo, futhi ukwazisa “kokudla okuhle” kwakushabalala. Eziphindiselela, waqala ukulwa e-Italy (1986), ephikisana nokuvula iMcDonald's eduze nomlando weSpanish Steps eRoma.
Ngawo lowo nyaka (1986), abantu abangu-23 bafa bephuza iwayini elixutshwe ne-methyl alcohol (ikhemikhali etholakala ku-antifreeze). Lobu buthi bunyakazise imboni yewayini yase-Italy futhi kwaphoqelela ukumiswa kwakho konke ukuthunyelwa kwewayini kwamanye amazwe kuze kube yilapho amawayini egunyazwa ukuthi aphephile. Ukufa ngokuqondile kubangelwa ukudla iwayini lase-Italy eline-methyl, noma izinkuni, utshwala ukuze kukhuphule izinga lotshwala bewayini libe isilinganiso samaphesenti angu-12.
Ukungcola akutholakalanga ewayinini lase-Italy elisezingeni elivamise ukuthunyelwa e-USA ngaphansi kwamalebula abhalwe ukuthi DOC (Denominazione de Origine Controllata), ebhekisela emithethweni yase-Italy elawula amawayini ekhwalithi asuka esivinini ngokukhiqizwa nokudayiswa. Ihlazo belihambisana namawayini ayinqwaba ashibhile athengiswe emazweni angomakhelwane base-Europe ukuze axutshwe namawayini endawo. Iwayini elingabizi, elingavunyelwe lithengiswa njenge i-vina di tavola ukuthekelisa kwesifunda kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendawo ngamanani entengo bekushibhile kangangokuthi amawayini angcolile kuphela angaba nenzuzo.
Kodwa-ke, isimo esibi sobugebengu sangena kuyo yonke imboni yewayini yase-Italy, futhi isiqephu sangcolisa wonke umkhiqizo wewayini nomkhiqizi.
Ngenxa yobuthi, iDenmark yavala zonke izinhlobo zewayini zase-Italy, zilandela ezinyathelweni zaseWest Germany naseBelgium. ISwitzerland ishaqe amalitha angaphezu kwesigidi esisodwa ewayini elisolwayo, kwathi iFrance yashaqa amalitha ayizigidi ezi-1, imemezela ukuthi izocekela phansi okungenani amalitha ayizigidi eziyi-4.4 okutholwe ukuthi angcolile. Izixwayiso zikahulumeni zathunyelwa kubathengi eBrithani nase-Austria.
Wonke umuntu, yonke indawo, uphonsele inselelo ukwethembeka kwewayini lase-Italy, eqwashisa ngemboni kuyo yonke imikhakha.
Ukudlula Khona
Lapho iFrance neJalimane ibona futhi ishaqa inqwaba yewayini elingcolile, uMnyango Wezolimo wase-Italy wakhipha isimemezelo sokuthi wonke amawayini ase-Italy kufanele agunyazwe ilabhorethri kahulumeni futhi aphathe incwadi yesitifiketi ngaphambi kokuba athunyelwe kwamanye amazwe.
Le mfuneko yaphinde yamisa ukuthengiswa kwewayini lase-Italy ngaphandle, futhi uhulumeni wavuma ukuthi kumasampula ayi-12,585, angama-274 atholakale equkethe izilinganiso ezingekho emthethweni zotshwala be-methyl (NY Times, Ephreli 9, 1986).
Ngo-1988, i-Arcigola Slow Food kanye no-Gambero Rosso bashicilela uhlelo lokuqala lwe-Vini d'Italia guide. Lo mbhalo walandelwa ngo-1992 ngohlelo lokuqala lwe-Guida al Vino Quotidiano (Umhlahlandlela Wewayini Lansuku zonke), oluhlanganisa ukubuyekezwa kwewayini elingcono kakhulu lase-Italy ngokombono we-value-for-money.
Yaba usizo olubalulekile ekukhethweni kwewayini kwansuku zonke.
Ekuqaleni kwe-21st Ikhulunyaka (2004), iBhange Lewayini lasungulwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ifa lewayini lase-Italy ngezifundo zokuqeqesha kanye nokuvikela iwayini elimiselwe ukuguga. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva (2007), iVignerons d'Europe, eMontpelier, iSalon du Gout et des Saveurs d'Origine yagubha iminyaka eyi-100 kusukela ekuvukeleni kwabalimi bewayini baseLanguedoc.
Uhlelo lokuqala lwe-Vinerons d'Europe luhlanganise amakhulukhulu abenzi bewayini base-Europe engxoxweni mayelana nezinselelo ezidalwe umhlaba ohlanganisa umhlaba wonke, ivuma inselele ekhulayo ebhekene nemboni yewayini ngokombono womthelela wezomnotho kanye nobuso bomphakathi bewayini lase-Italy.
Ushintsho Oluyisikhumbuzo. Iwayini Elipholile
Kuze kube manje, amawayini abuyekezwa ngezinombolo. Kusuka ku-Robert Parker nokubuyekezwa okufanayo, abathengi bafunde ukufunda izinombolo, futhi lapho amaphuzu e-Parker ephakama, maningi amathuba okuthi lithengwe lelo wayini elithile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqubo zamanje zesivini zazihlanganisa ukusebenzisa (ukusebenzisa kabi) umanyolo, izibulala-zinambuzane, nezibulala-sikhunta ukulwa nezinambuzane, izifo, kanye nesikhutha okube nomthelela ekukhiqizeni iwayini.
Nokho, imithi yokubulala ukhula yokwenziwa idala umonakalo endaweni ezungezile futhi yonakalise inhlabathi nomhlabathi, iwenze ungasebenziseki, ibangele ukugeleza kwamanzi, ukungcola, ukulahlekelwa ukukhiqizwa kwenhlabathi, nezinye izingozi zendawo ezungezile.
Ngena ku-Slow Wine movement ne-grassroots, izithunywa zewayini zomhlaba wonke ezibeka kuqala ukongiwa kwemithombo yemvelo ngokunakekela umhlaba. Ngo-2011, Umhlahlandlela Wewayini Elinensayo washicilelwa, ususa ukugxila enanini lezinombolo zamawayini ukuya endaweni enkulu ehlanganisa imininingwane eyiqiniso yezindawo zewayini, abakhiqizi, nezindawo zokukhiqiza.
Umhlahlandlela ushayelwe ihlombe ngokuba ngaphezu kohlu lwabadlali ababalulekile; isuse ukunaka kwabathengi kusukela kumanani/amaphuzu wamaphuzu kuya ekuchazeni isitayela sokwenza iwayini kanye namasu ezolimo asetshenziswayo.
Ngo-2012 i-Slow Wine Tours yethulwa futhi yafaka nokuvakashela izindawo ezikhiqiza iwayini eNew York, eChicago, naseSan Francisco. Eminyakeni elandelayo, izitolo zewayini eJalimane, Denmark, Japan, Canada, naseSlovenia (2017). Ngo-2018 iCalifornia yavakashelwa, futhi kwabuyekezwa izindawo zokuwina iwayini ezingama-50.
Ngo-2019 kwafakwa i-Oregon, yalandelwa yiWashington State. Muva nje, inhlangano ye-Slow Wine ibuyekeza izindawo zewayini e-China, okuhlanganisa i-Ningxia, i-Xinyang, i-Shandong, i-Hebei, i-Gansu, i-Yunnan, i-Shanxi, i-Sichuan, i-Shaanxi, ne-Tibet.
umfelandawonye
I-Slow Wine Coalition yasungulwa ngo-2021. Iyinethiwekhi yamazwe ngamazwe ehlanganisa zonke izingxenye zemboni yewayini. Le nhlangano entsha yewayini yaqala uguquko olusekelwe ekusimameni kwemvelo, ukuvikela indawo, kanye nokukhula kwenhlalo-mpilo yasemaphandleni. Inhlangano ikhiqize iManifesto egxile ewayinini elihle, elihlanzekile, nelinobulungiswa.
Ukubaluleka Kokunyakaza Kwewayini Okunensayo: Imephu Yomgwaqo
Kuyinselele ukungena esitolo sewayini, uhambe eziphasejini zewayini esuphamakethe noma ufunde iwebhusayithi ethengisa iwayini eku-inthanethi. Kunamakhulu (mhlawumbe izinkulungwane) zamawayini avela kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba kanye nenani elikhulu lamaphuzu, ukubuyekezwa, nemibono. Umthengi uzokwazi kanjani ukwenza isinqumo esihlakaniphile? Ingabe umthengi uthanda umbala (obomvu, omhlophe, noma o rose), i-fizz noma isicaba, ukunambitheka, intengo, izwe lendabuko, ukuqina, kanye/noma inqwaba yeminye imibuzo enomthelela ekuthengeni nasekuzizwiseni kokunambitheka. I-Slow Wine Guide inikeza umhlahlandlela kumthengi wewayini, wethula ngokucacile nangendlela efingqiwe izinqubo zokulima, futhi ukhulumela izindawo zokukhiqiza iwayini ezilandela i-ideology (ayikho imithi yokubulala izinambuzane).
I-Slow Wine isekelwe kumnyakazo we-Slow Food; kuyisimo sengqondo futhi inikeza uhlaka lokulima njengomzamo ophelele. Iqembu linesithunzi sokungabaza amasu ezolimo angemuva kokwenziwa kwezimboni futhi liphinde licabangele lokho esikudlayo (ukudla newayini) mayelana nokusimama kanye nezingozi ezihlobene nezibulala-zinambuzane.
I-Movement imatasa nokufundisa abathengi ngezingozi ezihlobene nokudla okusheshayo kanye nokunxenxa izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nokugcinwa kwembewu ukuze kulondolozwe izinhlobo zamafa. Umqondo ususabalele nakwezinye izimboni okuhlanganisa imfashini enensayo egqamisa futhi ekhuthaza amaholo afanelekile kanye nemvelo, kanye nokuhamba kancane okuzama ukulwa nokuvakasha ngokweqile. E-USA, i-Slow Wine Guide iwukuphela kwencwadi yewayini yesizwe ebeka phambili ukuphathwa komhlaba, ngenhloso yokuhlinzeka ngokusobala kubathengi.
Ukugeza Okuhlaza
Inselele ku-Slow Wine movement UKUGLAZA. Lo mkhuba ubhekisela emabhizinisini edukisa abathengi ekucabangeni ukuthi izinqubo, imikhiqizo, noma amasevisi abo anciphisa umthelela wabo kwezemvelo ngaphezu kwalokho abakwenzayo ngempela, okushiya abathengi bedidekile futhi bekhungathekile. Lokhu kubuyisela umthwalo wemfanelo emahlombe abathengi, okubadinga ukuthi benze ucwaningo olunzulu ukuze bathole umthelela wangempela kwezemvelo. Ezimweni eziningi, ulwazi olucwaningwayo alutholakali.
I-Slow Wine World Tour 2023. Zitholele i-Oltrepo Pavese. I-New York
Kamuva nje ngiye emcimbini we-Slow Wine e-Manhattan obubonisa indawo yewayini yase-Italy yase-Oltrepo Pavese (eNyakatho ne-Italy, entshonalanga yeMilan). Lena indawo yewayini yendabuko lapho ukukhiqizwa kwewayini kwehla ngezikhathi zamaRoma. Lesi sifunda sibusa ithafa eliphakathi kwe-Alps ne-Apennines eNyakatho ye-Italy. Enyakatho yoMfula iPo kunedolobha elingokomlando lasePavia. Isifunda sewayini sase-Oltrepo sigcwele amagquma nezintaba - indawo ekahle yokulinywa kwamagilebhisi. Ihlanganisa amakhilomitha-skwele angu-3600 futhi ihlanganisa omasipala abangu-16.
Ngesikhathi soMbuso WaseRoma, kwaba nomzamo wokukhiqiza iwayini elaliqhudelana newayini laseGreece. Ngaleso sikhathi, iwayini lamaGreki laliyaziwa futhi lifunwa kakhulu kuwo wonke amawayini atholakalayo. Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwe-viticulture esifundeni kuvela ku-Codex Etruscus (850 AD). Ukutshala nokukhiqizwa kwewayini kwaduma kakhulu ngeminyaka ye-15th ikhulunyaka futhi yaqashelwa njengengxenye yokukhiqizwa kwezolimo.
I-Oltrepo ikhiqiza cishe uhhafu wewayini endaweni yase-Lombardy, eduze nenani lokukhiqizwa kwe-Asti ne-Chianti. Kukhona cishe amahektha angama-9880 e-Pinot Noir vines okwenza kube inhloko-dolobha yasePinot Noir. Amagilebhisi avuthwa ekuqaleni kokuvuthwa kwesikhumba ethula ibhalansi enhle ye-asidi kanye noshukela.
Imihlabathi yakhiwe ngamatshe asendulo (Terra Rossa), futhi inikeza isifunda nge-hus enothile kanye nobumba ukuze imivini ikhule. Umhlabathi ubuye ube nensimbi eningi. Isimo sezulu sijwayelekile saseMedithera esitholakala eduze ne-Alps enehlobo elifudumele. ubusika obupholile, nemvula encane.
Amawayini Akhiqiziwe
Amawayini abomvu ahamba phambili yi-Cabernet Sauvignon kanye ne-Pinot Nero, evame ukusetshenziswa ekugugeni kwemiphongolo emincane ukwengeza ungqimba olwengeziwe lwe-flavour. Iwayini elimhlophe elikhethiwe lihlanganisa i-Chardonnay, i-Sauvignon Blanc, i-Riesling Italico, i-Riesling, ne-Pinto Nero. I-spumante ibiliswa kusetshenziswa indlela yendabuko yokwenza iwayini le-aseptic futhi ingase iqukathe kufika kumaphesenti angu-30 i-Pinot Nero, i-Pinot Bianco, i-Pinot Grigio, ne-Chardonnay. I-Sparkling Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico ibe nokuhlukaniswa kwe-DOCG kusukela ngo-2007.
Ngombono wami
Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuthola i-Slow Wines yesifunda:
1. La Versa. Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico Brut Testarossa 2016. 100 amaphesenti Pinot Nero. Ikhule okungenani izinyanga ezingama-36 kumalees.
I-La Versa yaqalwa ngu-Cesare Gustavo Faravelli ngo-1905 ukuze kukhiqizwe amawayini ekhwalithi enhle kakhulu eveza indawo yendabuko. Namuhla idume umhlaba wonke futhi yamukelwa ngendondo ye-Decanter Wine Award, Iwayini Elipholile, i-Gambero Rosso, kanye ne-Best Winery e-Oltreo Pavese (2019).
amanothi:
Esweni, umbala osagolide uveza amabhamuza amancane athambile. Ikhala lijabuliswa iziphakamiso zama-apula abomvu naluhlaza, amacebo kalamula, amabhisikidi, nama-hazelnut. Ama-Palates avuselelwa nge-asidi ekhanyayo, umzimba omaphakathi, i-mousse enokhilimu, nokuthungwa okuholela kuma-apula, kanye ne-grapefruit ekugcineni.
2. UFrancesco Quaquarini. Sangue di Giuda del’Oltrepo Pavese 2021. Isifunda: Lombardy; Isifunda esingaphansi: Pavia; Izinhlobonhlobo: amaphesenti angama-65 eCroatina, amaphesenti angama-25 eBarbera, amaphesenti ayi-10 e-Ughetta di Canneto. Okuphilayo. Igunyazwe yi-BIOS Yokulima Okuphilayo. Emnandi Ecwebezela Kancane
Umndeni wakwaQuaquarini usukhiqize iwayini izizukulwane ezintathu. Njengamanje, i-winery iqondiswa uFrancesco ngokubambisana nendodana yakhe, u-Umberto, nendodakazi uMaria Teresa. Indawo yokwenza iwayini iyilungu le-Association Producers of Cassese kanye nelungu le-charter ye-Club of Buttafuoco Storico. Ubulungu buhlanganisa neSifunda Sewayini Lekhwalithi e-Oltrepo Pavese kanye ne-Consortium Yokuvikela I-Oltrepo Pavese Wine.
Indawo yokwenza iwayini ithuthukisa izinhlelo zocwaningo zokuthuthukisa kanye nokuthuthukisa amasu okukhiqiza. Indawo yokwenza iwayini isebenzisa indlela yokutshala utshani (ukuba khona kwedlelo esivandeni) ekulinyweni kwezivini. Indlela le ikhiqiza ukuvuthwa okuthuthukileko kwamaderibe.
Indawo yokwenza iwayini yaziwa ngokusebenzisa umanyolo wemvelo wezilwane kanye/noma wemifino kuphela, ukugcina izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukugwema amasu okuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali, ukwenqaba ama-GMO, kusekela ucwaningo lwesayensi kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe ukuze kuqinisekiswe izindinganiso ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
amanothi:
Esweni, kubomvu kwerubi; ikhala lithola iphunga elimnandi elineziphakamiso zezimbali nezithelo ezibomvu. Ulwanga luthola uswidi omnandi ophakamisa ukuthi uthokozelwe njengewayini le-dessert elihlanganiswe ne-Panettone, i-Pandoro, ama-tarts noma amabhisikidi esinkwa esifushane, nesithelo esomisiwe.
