Ngemva USolwazi Francesco Frangialli unikeze isexwayiso sakhe mayelana nezokuvakasha ngezimpi ezimbili eziqhubekayo, wabelane ngokubheka kabanzi ukuthi kungani ezokuvakasha zingena esigabeni esisha.
Lalela uFrancesco Frangialli. Ukuhlola kwakhe isimo semboni yezokuvakasha neyokuvakasha kubalulekile futhi kuyingqayizivele. U-Frangialli uthathwa njengomunye wochwepheshe abaphezulu kakhulu emhlabeni futhi akavamile ukukhuluma.
Ngaphambi kwenhlekelele yakamuva yakwa-Israel - Palestine ubeseChina ngesikhathi I-Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai. Lesi sifundo usinikeze abafundi ngoSepthemba 13. 2023
Madoda namakhosi,
Ngijabule futhi ngizizwa ngihloniphekile ukuba nawe namuhla kule nyuvesi ehlonishwayo, engaba nethuba lokuyivakashela kafushane eminyakeni eyi-15 edlule ngesikhathi ngiphethe Inhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene Yezokuvakasha - the UNWTO. Ake ngizwakalise ukubonga kwami ngokukhethekile UProf. Xu Honggang ngesimemo sakhe somusa.
Bafundi abathandekayo,
Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi, ngothisha abahle kakhulu eninabo, ulwazi lwenu lwezemfundo ngomkhakha wezokuvakasha luphakeme kakhulu kunolwami. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ngibambe iqhaza ezinqubweni zenqubomgomo yomphakathi yezokuvakasha iminyaka engaba ngu-40, okokuqala ezingeni lezwe lami, i-France, kwase kuba sezingeni lamazwe ngamazwe oHlelweni lwe-UN, ngisesimweni sokuhlanganyela nawe ingxenye yesipiliyoni esiwusizo ngizuzile.
Ngizosebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe obuqoqwe phakathi neminyaka ukuze ngenze izincomo ezimbalwa, ezingakuqondisa empilweni yakho yobungcweti yesikhathi esizayo.
Ukukhula okumangalisayo kwezokuvakasha kusukela ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II
Inkomba engcono kakhulu yokukala ezokuvakasha zamazwe ngamazwe yinani labafika kwamanye amazwe - izivakashi ezifika nokuhlala okungenani ubusuku obubodwa ezweni okungelona leli ezivame ukuhlala kulo, kuqondwa ukuthi abafika abambalwa emazweni ahlukene bangase babhaliselwe uhambo olulodwa oluya phesheya.
Izivakashi zaseShayina eziza eYurophu zizotshela abangane nezihlobo zazo ukuthi zijwayelene kakhulu neNgilandi, iFrance, i-Italy neSwitzerland ngoba sezivakashele la mazwe amane esikhathini esingangesonto.
Eqinisweni, baye babona ubuciko obubili obubodwa kwezigidi eziyisikhombisa ezibuthelwe eBritish Museum; baba nombono e-Tour Eiffel ngaphandle kokukhuphuka izitebhisi ezingu-1,665 XNUMX eziya phezulu (noma ukuthatha amakheshi) futhi ngaphandle kokudla kwasemini endaweni yayo yokudlela edumile; baphuthuma eColiseum, befuna i-gelati, bengenalo ulwazi ngomlando weRoma lasendulo; babona bekude iMatterhorn, ngaphandle kokuqwala isiqongo, beshushuluza emithambekeni yayo noma ngisho, kwabavilapha kakhulu, behlala ubusuku bonke kwelinye lamahhotela aphezulu endabuko edolobhaneni elihle laseZermatt!
Kulesi sizukulwane esisha esingavamile sabahambi, isithombe ozishuthe sona isiphenduke inhloso ngokwayo, ebaluleke kakhulu kunesayithi noma itshe lesikhumbuzo elivakashelwe.
Ungayazi kanjani i-London ngaphandle kokuchitha amahora ambalwa endaweni yokushicilela yendabuko futhi unambitha izinhlobo eziningi zikabhiya?
Kuthiwani ngeParis ngaphandle kwe- ukhilimu wekhofi ethafeni le-Quartier Latin?
IRoma uma ungazange unambitha i-dolce vita kanye nesidlo sakusihlwa (uma kungenzeka, nomuntu omuhle) ngobusuku obufudumele basehlobo eTrastevere?
Futhi eSwitzerland ngaphandle kokujabulela a fondue ephelezelwa ezinye ezihlwabusayo I-Fendant iwayini uma kuneqhwa ngaphandle?
Ungazenzi ezokuvakasha ngokungaboni futhi uxhamazele.
Bafundi abathandekayo,
isibalo sabafika emazweni omhlaba sikhule sisuka ezigidini ezingama-25 ngo-1950 saya ezigidini eziyi-165 ngo-1970, izigidi ezingama-950 ngo-2010, safinyelela ezigidini eziyi-1,475 ngo-2019, unyaka owandulela i-Covid.
IYurophu namanje, ngaphambi kwe-Asia, isifunda sokuqala emhlabeni jikelele sokufika kwamanye amazwe, ngamaphesenti angu-53 wabantu abafika ku-2019. Izindawo ezinhlanu eziphezulu emhlabeni yiFrance, iSpain, i-United States, iTurkey ne-Italy.
Kodwa ezokuvakasha zingaphezu kwesenzakalo samazwe ngamazwe.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukufika kwasekhaya kubaluleke izikhathi ezi-5 noma ezingu-6 kunezamazwe ngamazwe. Sizokhuluma ngaleso sici esibalulekile uma siza ku-COVID.
Ezinye izinkomba ezimbili ukukala isisindo somnotho sezokuvakasha zamazwe ngamazwe yimali esetshenziswa phesheya ngabahambi kanye nemali etholwa amabhizinisi ezokuvakasha ngenxa yalokhu kuvakasha.
Yebo, amanani abo ayalingana emhlabeni wonke; kodwa ukuhlukana phakathi kwamazwe kuhluke kakhulu uma ucabangela amarisidi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kanye nezindleko, ngakolunye.
Amarisidi aphesheya (noma izindleko) afinyelele inani eliphakeme ngo-2019, ngamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,494 - ngiyaphinda: 1,494 Izigidigidi.
Abahlanu abahola kakhulu yi-United States, Spain, United Kingdom, ne-Italy.
I-United States ne-China babelana ngesikhundla sokuqala ngezindleko zabahlali bawo phesheya. Balandelwa yiJalimane, iFrance, ne-United Kingdom.
Ezokuvakasha, ingxenye yomphakathi omusha womhlaba wonke
Madoda namakhosi,
ezokuvakasha zibe nomthelela ekuhwebeni kwembulunga yonke njengoba zonke izingxenye zeplanethi yethu, ngisho ne-Antarctic, namuhla ivakashelwa ingxenye yesihlanu yezakhamuzi zakhona.
Ngo-1950, amazwe angu-15 ahamba phambili ayethola amaphesenti angu-87 yenani labantu abafika kwamanye amazwe. Ngo-2022, izindawo ezihamba phambili ezingu-15 zamanje (iningi lazo ezisanda kufika) zenza amaphesenti angama-56 kuphela engqikithi. Amazwe angaba ngu-20 athola izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-10.
Ezokuvakasha, ngenxa yobukhulu obuthathile ekuhwebeni kwabantu nezezimali emhlabeni, seziqalile ukusebenzelana unomphela nezinye izigigaba eziye zashintsha ngendlela efanayo umhlaba wonke, okuvusa ukuhlangana kwesinye isikhathi okungajwayelekile.
Ake ngithathe isibonelo sobusika buka-2015-2016 obukhombise kahle ukuxhumana phakathi kwezokuvakasha zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezici ezehlukene zokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke.
Abahambi babengazi ukuthi bazoya kuphi, bedangele ngenxa yokuntuleka kweqhwa elibangelwa isimo sezulu esifudumele e-Alps, besaba ukuhlasela kwamaphekula ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zaseMedithera, futhi benqaba ukuya eziqhingini zaseCaribbean, lapho kwaqubuka khona isifo esisha, igciwane leZika, lenzekile.
Kungcono uhlale ekhaya ezimweni ezinjalo!
Ezinye izithombe zokusebenzelana okunjalo okuyinqaba zingabonakala muva nje eziqhingini zaseGreece, eLampedusa, noma eMalta, lapho amaholide ehlangana emabhishi abafuduki abafika bevela eTurkey, Tunisia, noma eLibya. F
Umbusi waseFlorida usole abafuduki abavela eMexico ukuthi balethe i-COVID-19 eMbusweni lapho ochwepheshe becabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kuhlinzwa kuqhamuka kubavakashi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lo mbusi wayekhankasela ukuba umongameli olandelayo wase-United States.
Phakathi nezinkathi ezimbili zonyaka ezidlule zasehlobo, izindawo ezimbalwa zaseMedithera, njengeGreece, Turkey, Spain, France, kanye nePortugal, zathintwa imililo yequbula enamandla eqhutshwa ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kanye nezinga lokushisa elidlulele elikubangelayo. Abavakashi kwadingeka babaleke emahhotela nasemakamu.
Kwenzeka okufanayo nasesiqhingini saseGreece iRhodes kuleli hlobo.
Amazwe afanayo alwela kanyekanye ukunciphisa ukugeleza kwabafuduki base-sub-Saharan abazama ukuya eYurophu.
Namuhla, amaphesenti angu-2,5 abantu emhlabeni wonke akhiwe abafuduki. Nokufuduka okuzoholela ngendlela engenakugwemeka ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke akukakaqali ngempela!
Njengoba izolo bengavimbanga ifu elikhipha imisebe yeChornobyl, imingcele yezwe ayikwazanga ukumisa amagciwane, njengoba nje ingabavimbi abokufika.
Ungalokothi ukholelwe ukuthi ukuvala imingcele kuzoxazulula inkinga yakho.
Ezinye izingozi zingase zenzeke, zimise ukukhula kwezokuvakasha.
Madoda namakhosi,
ezokuvakasha yinto eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngeke uqonde ubunjalo bayo bangempela uma indlela yakho ingokomnotho noma isekelwe ekukhangiseni kuphela. Lona umlayezo wami oyinhloko kuwe namuhla.
Ezokuvakasha, ngaphambi kwakho konke, wumsebenzi ohlanganisa izinhlangothi eziningi.
Okokuqala nje, ngoba inokuxhumana neminye imikhakha emikhulu yezomnotho, njengokudla nezolimo, amandla, ezokuthutha, izimboni zokwakha, zendwangu, nezezandla, ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa okumaphakathi ekusebenzisayo ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo wakho.
Njengoba kuboniswe yi-UNCTAD, ngomsebenzi owodwa odalwe embonini yezokuvakasha, eminye emibili ingakhiqizwa kweminye imikhakha yezomnotho.
Okwesibili, njengoba sekushiwo, ezokuvakasha zisebenzisana nezinye izenzakalo zomhlaba:
Imvelo kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo okukhulu, isimo sezulu, ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo, izibalo zabantu kanye nokufuduka kwabantu, ezempilo, ubugebengu bamazwe ngamazwe kanye nobuphekula.
Yingakho uma sikhuluma ngezokuvakasha, sikhuluma nge-geopolitics. Lesi sici esibalulekile sichaza izingozi ezivela ngaphandle ezingase zehlise ijubane noma ziphazamise ukukhula kwezokuvakasha.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwenzeka izingozi ezimbili ezinkulu:
ukwehla kwezomnotho kwengxenye yesibili ka-2008 kanye nengxenye yokuqala ka-2009, ngenxa i-subprime inkinga yezezimali, kanye nokwehla okumangalisayo kweminyaka ka-2020 no-2021 ngenxa yobhubhane lwe-Covid, evele eChina ngekota yesine ka-2019.
Ngo-2020, inani labafika kwamanye amazwe lehla laya ezigidini ezingama-407; U-2021 wawusenzima; kodwa i-rebound ibe namandla ngo-2022 nabafika bamazwe ngamazwe abayizigidi ezingu-963. Kodwa ukululama akukaqedi. Asikabuyeli ngokugcwele emgudwini wokukhula komlando wezokuvakasha zamazwe ngamazwe.
Ngokufanayo, amarisidi ezokuvakasha omhlaba ahlukaniswe kabili ngo-2020 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2019 ngenxa ye-COVID-19, futhi asengo-2022, anezigidigidi eziyi-1,031, ezingxenyeni ezimbili kwezintathu zezinga labo langaphambi kwenhlekelele.
Ukululama sekwephuzile kwezokuvakasha kwamaShayina kuyingxenye yencazelo.
Lokhu kungase kuhlolwe uma uqhathanisa izindleko phesheya zabahambi baseMelika nabamaShayina. Ngo-2019, abavakashi baseShayina abavakashela amanye amazwe babesebenzisa imali ephindwe kabili kunaleyo esetshenziswe abantu baseMelika.
Ngo-2022, njengoba sekushiwo, amanani ayecishe afane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amazwe aseMelika naseYurophu aphinde avula imingcele yawo ngaphambi kweyase-Asia.
Ake sicabange ukuthi kuzohluka ngo-2023, manje njengoba amaShayina esengaphinde athole ngokukhululeka umhlaba wonke.
Ngokwesilinganiso se-WHO, cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyisikhombisa babulawa yi-Covid, kodwa ezokuvakasha zisaphila!
Umsuka kanye nenqubekela phambili yezinhlekelele ezehlukene eziye ezokuvakasha ezithintekile azifani.
Izinkinga ezintathu ezinkulu zeminyaka engamashumi amabili edlule - i-tsunami ka-2004, inkinga yezezimali ka-2008-2009, kanye nobhubhane lwe-Covid 2020-2022- behluke kakhulu ngokwemvelo. Ukuhleleka kwezinto kwakungefani.
The 2004 tsunami oLwandlekazini i-Indian okokuqala bekuyizemvelo, ngaphambi kokuba kube kwezomnotho nezenhlalo, ikakhulukazi e-Indonesia naseThailand.
Kusukela ngokuwa kwebhange iLehman Brothers, lo i-subprime crisis ekuqaleni yayingokwezimali, kwase kuba eyezomnotho, yabe isiba yinhlalo nokwanda kokuntuleka kwemisebenzi.
Njengo-SARS ngo-2002-2003 noma umkhuhlane we-Avian wango-2006 ngaphambi kwawo, inkinga ye-COVID-19 bekungokwenqubo ehluke ngokuphelele, cishe okuphambene:
Okokuqala nje, ukuhlanzeka, bese kuba nezenhlalo (futhi ngokwezinga elithile namasiko) bese kuba kwezomnotho, futhi ekugcineni - ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezindleko zamaphakheji okubuyisela owethulwe ohulumeni - kanye nezezimali. Ngenxa yalokho, kuzo zombili izimo, isikweletu somphakathi siye sakhula.
Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili ngaphambili, i-SARS ibikade iyizivivinyo ze-COVID-19.
Kepha okwesibili sibhekene nobhubhane - into eyinkimbinkimbi emhlabeni wonke. Bekungagcini nje ngezempilo nokuphepha, kodwa futhi mayelana nezindawo lapho kuvalwa khona imingcele yazo, ukungezwani kwezokuxhumana kwamazwe aphikisanayo, amabhizinisi amisa imisebenzi yawo, ukwanda kokuntuleka kwemisebenzi, kanye nemiphumela yezombangazwe eyavela.
Ake sigxile kokushaqisayo okubili okukhulu: i-subprime kanye ne-Covid.
Ngo-2009, abantu abaningi bayeka ukuhamba ngoba bematasa ngomsebenzi noma iholo labo.
Ngo-2020, cishe wonke umuntu wayeka ukuhamba ngezizathu ezifanayo,
..kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi izithiyo zaziphezulu kakhulu, ohulumeni abaningi babekhiphe izeluleko zohambo kanye nemingcele, izinhlelo zokuhamba zazimile, ukweqa imingcele kwase kungenzeki nhlobo, futhi abantu babezizwa besengozini ngenxa yezimpilo zabo noma zabo. impilo ngenkathi uhamba ngezitimela eziminyene, amabhasi noma izindiza.
Ngesikhathi sokuvalwa, abantu abaningi babengenalo ithuba noma isifiso sokusebenzisa imali yabo ngenkathi behamba.
Izindawo zokudlela, amabha, ama-nightclub, ne-karaoke kanye nezitolo eziningi zavalwa, ezemidlalo namasiko kanye, futhi amaholide kwakungenakwenzeka..
Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhungatheka kuye kwanqwabelana.
Mhlawumbe ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi enye indawo, ukukhungatheka okukhulu kwezwakala eChina njengoba inqubomgomo yokuvalwa kwendawo kanye nemikhawulo ebekiwe ekuhambeni kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nasekhaya ibe mibi kakhulu kunakwamanye amazwe.
Ngenxa yalokho, imali enkulu yokongiwa yimizi. Ku-EU, imali eyagcinwa imelela cishe amaphesenti amane e-GDP yonyaka owodwa.
Kodwa ngethemba, lokhu bekungokwesikhashana. Isibhakabhaka sakhanya. Nokho, isidingo esinganelisiwe sokuhamba sisekhona.
Umona ukuthatha ikhefu futhi ukuba namaholide kukhona kunanini ngaphambili. Izimali ezisele ezinkulu eziqoqiwe ziyatholakala futhi zingasetshenziswa ngokushesha uma amathuba okuvakasha akhangayo ehlongozwa kubathengi. Lezi akuzona izindaba ezimbi embonini yethu.
Bafundi abathandekayo,
ngemva kwenhlekelele ngayinye enkulu emlandweni wezokuvakasha emhlabeni wonke, umkhuba wokunxeshezelwa unawo senzeka. Ngalesi sizathu esiyisisekelo, ukuphinda kwenzeke ngemuva kwe-Covid.
Isivele iqalile ngo-2022. Imibuzo kuphela - kodwa ayimincane! - zimayelana namandla ayo kanye namandla esistimu ukuguqula isigaba sokuqala sokululama sibe ukunwetshwa okuhlala njalo.
Izinkinga ezinhlanu: i-subprime, i-SARS e-Asia, i-Covid, ukungcoliswa okukhulu kolwandle eFrance kanye tsunami
Ake ngifanekise futhi ngithethelele ukucabanga kwami ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlekelele ngama-anecdotes ambalwa.
Ama-Subprimes:
Ekwindla ka-2008, saba nesakhiwo sendlunkulu ye-UN eNew York omunye wemihlangano emibili yaminyaka yonke ye-UN Chief Executives Board, umgwamanda oqoqa izinhloko zama-ejensi nezinhlelo zoHlelo kanye nezinduna ze-UN. IBhange Lomhlaba kanye ne-IMF.
Inkinga yezezimali yayisiqalile, futhi kwakusobala kusukela ekuqaleni ukuthi kwakungeke kube ukushintshashintsha okulula okujikelezayo.
UKhomishana Omkhulu Wababaleki, u-Antonio Guterres, manje onguNobhala-Jikelele weNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene, weza kimi.
Uzwakalise umbono wokuthi ezokuvakasha, ngenxa yokuba sengozini yazo ezishaqisayo zangaphandle, zizophazamiseka kakhulu kunamanye amagatsha ohwebo emhlabeni. Njengondunankulu wasePortugal, wayewuthanda ngokukhethekile umkhakha engangiwuphethe.
Ngambonga uGuterres ngokucela kwakhe kodwa ngathi kuyena angihambisani nombono wakhe.
Ngaleso sikhathi sasibhekene nenkinga eyayingeyemali nezomnotho kuphela.
Ayikakabi ezentengiselwano, ezenhlalo, noma ezombangazwe njengoba izwe elidlule kukho eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu.
Ngatshela uzakwethu ukuthi nginethemba elilinganiselwe nokuthi, ngokubona kwami, umthelela womsebenzi wezokuvakasha uzoba nomkhawulo.
Lokhu kungenxa yezizathu ezimbili.
Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuthi le nkinga kungenzeka ukuthi ithinte ikakhulukazi eNyakatho Melika naseNtshonalanga Yurophu, futhi kancane kancane i-Asia; futhi ngaleso sikhathi, izimakethe zase-Asia ezikhiqizayo zase zivele zibhebhezela injini yokukhula kwezokuvakasha.
Okwesibili, ngenxa yokuthi isifiso sokuba nesikhathi sokungcebeleka nokuhamba sasigxilile kakhulu ezingqondweni zabantu imindeni yezigaba eziphakeme neziphakathi -labo abahambayo- bazokhawulela izindleko zabo ezintweni ezinkulu ezifana nezindlu noma ukuthenga izimoto ezintsha, kodwa ngeke badele amaholide abo.
Okulandelayo kukhombisa ukuthi lokhu kuhlaziya bekuyiqiniso.
I-SARS kanye ne-Covid.
Ngo-2002-2003, ngenhlekelele yakwa-SARS, umongo wawuhluke kakhulu.
Ngiyaxolisa ukusho lapha, e-Guangzhou, ukuthi ukudluliselwa kokuqala kwaleli gciwane kusuka esilwaneni kuye kumuntu kwenzeka epulazini elithile esifundazweni saseGuangdong, nokuthi izinkukhu ezazikhiqizwa lapho zazithengiswa kuleli dolobha, emakethe yokudla yasendulo. .
Ngokuqondene ne-COVID-19, umsuka, imodi yokudlulisela, kanye nemvelo yangempela yaleli gciwane ekuqaleni kwakuyimfihlakalo ephelele, ukungaqiniseki okube nomthelela okwethukeni.
Ngokuphambene nomlandeli wayo, i-Covid, i-SARS ayizange ihambe emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngaphandle kwamacala ambalwa eToronto, eCanada, kwahlala kuyisiqephu sase-Asia. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lithinte inani elincane lamazwe, umthelela walo ekuhambeni kwezokuvakasha ube mkhulu kakhulu esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific.
Njengoba nje nge I-COVID-19, ezokuvakasha zombili beziyinqola yalesi sifo, ngoba sakhula sisuka kwelinye izwe siya kwelinye nabahambi kanye nesisulu saso..
Amazwe amaningi ase-Asia, ngaphandle kwamacala ambalwa angenisiwe, awakaze aphathwe yi-SARS yendawo.
Naphezu kwalokho, kwaqala ukusakazwa okukhulu kwabezindaba, akwenzanga mehluko phakathi kwamazwe athintekayo.
Kwabezindaba, yonke i-Asia yayingcoliswe. Izindawo eziphephile ziye zahlupheka njengezinye ngenxa yokwehla okumangazayo kwenani labavakashi abafikayo.
Kwezinye izici, i-SARS ibingelona nje ubhubhane kodwa futhi infodemic.
Bafundi abathandekayo,
Iesimweni esibucayi, ukuxhumana kubalulekile,
…futhi umthetho okufanele ulandelwe owokuthi kufanele udlale ngokusobala futhi ungalokothi ufihle iqiniso. Ikakhulukazi njengoba sesingene enkathini yezinkundla zokuxhumana, ozobe uzenza sengathi unethuba lokuvela obala, nemiphumela ebulalayo.
Ukukhuluma iqiniso akukhona nje ukuziphatha okuhle, kuyinketho engcono kakhulu enomvuzo.
Izibonelo eziningi ezithethelela lokhu kucabanga zingatholakala ngezindlela ezihlukile futhi kwesinye isikhathi eziphambene zendlela amazwe afana ne-Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, noma Turkey asabela ngayo ngemva kokuhlasela kwamaphekula kwabavakashi nezindawo zokuvakasha.
Ku-2002, nini iGhriba, isinagoge lasendulo laseDjerba, lahlaselwa amaSulumane athile asekela ubufandamentali, kwafa abantu abangu-19;
Uhulumeni waseTunisia uzame ukwenza sengathi ukuqhuma kwenzeke ngengozi.
Iqiniso lembulwa ngokushesha, futhi kwaba inhlekelele kwezokuvakasha zamazwe ngamazwe ezweni.
NgoMeyi kulo nyaka, uhlobo olufanayo lokuhlasela lwenzeka endaweni efanayo, kwabulawa abantu abahlanu, kodwa kulokhu iziphathimandla zadlala ikhadi lokubonisa izinto obala, futhi akuzange kube namphumela.
Ukungcoliswa kolwandle.
Njengomeluleki osemusha kangqongqoshe wezokuvakasha waseFrance, ngo-1978 kwadingeka ngibhekane nokungcola okukhulu okuvela kumkhumbi omkhulu wethangi i-Amoco Cadiz, eyavuza amathani angu-230,000 kaphethiloli ogwini olusenyakatho yeBrithani - indawo ebalulekile yokuvakasha ezweni lakithi.
Amakhilomitha angama-375 ogwini angcoliswe kakhulu kulokho okube yizinhlekelele zemvelo ezimbi kakhulu emlandweni emhlabeni jikelele. Senze konke okusemandleni ethu ukuthi sibe obala. Simeme izintatheli zakwamanye amazwe kanye nabaqhubi bezokuvakasha abavela ezimakethe ezinkulu ezikhiqizayo ukuthi bavakashele indawo yenhlekelele.
Babona imiphumela yokungcola okubi kakhulu, kodwa futhi nemizamo emikhulu eyenziwe yokuhlanza ngokushesha amabhishi namadwala nokusindisa izinyoni zasolwandle. Siphinde sababonisa, ngenyanga emnandi enelanga likaJuni, ugu olungathinteki, kanye nobuhle bengaphakathi lesifunda. Ekupheleni kosuku, umthelela embonini yezokuvakasha yendawo wawumncane.
Yiba nezinqubo zokusabela ezinkingeni. Hlala obala uma kufanele ukhulume esimweni esiphuthumayo.
Bafundi abathandekayo,
qaphela ukuthi ezimweni ezinezinkinga, ukugxila kwabezindaba akukona ukubika ngokwethembeka iqiniso kanye nokungakhethi iqiniso elikhona phansi; wukukhulisa izethameli zabo. Uma lokhu kuhlanganiswa nokungazi nokungazi kahle kwabasebenzi bezokuvakasha, kungaholela ezinhlekeleleni.
tsunami - Inganekwane yase-Indonesia
Lapho ngo-26th ka-December 2004 enobudlova tsunami ihlasele isifundazwe sase-Aceh enyakatho yeSumatra, lapho kwabhaliswa khona abantu ababalelwa ku-200 000, ezokuvakasha kulo lonke elase-Indonesia zima ngokushesha. S
I-Sumatra yayingeyona indawo ethandwayo, izisulu zaziphakathi kwezakhamuzi ezingekho phakathi kwezivakashi, kodwa abezindaba bamazwe ngamazwe babhekisela e-Indonesia iyonke, hhayi kwesinye seziqhingi zayo ezingu-18,000.
Ngaphandle kwesizathu, i-Bali, indawo yokuqala yezokuvakasha yezwe, yayingenamuntu. Abasebenzi bokuvakasha, okuhlanganisa namaShayina, balukhansele ngokushesha uhambo lwabo lokuya esiqhingini esiyipharadisiac.
Madoda namakhosi,
I-Sumatra ne-Bali zitholakala ezilwandle ezimbili ezihlukene, kanti ibanga emoyeni phakathi kwe-Banda Aceh ne-Denpasar lingamakhilomitha angu-2,700.
Ungalokothi uthembele abezindaba. Ungawathembi amanethiwekhi omphakathi. Themba ukwahlulela kwakho (noma umqashi wakho).
Ukubamba iqhaza ekuvuseleleni ezokuvakasha esifundeni, UNWTO ibambe iseshini ephuthumayo yoMkhandlu oPhethe wayo ePhuket, ogwini lwase-Andamans eThailand, inyanga eyodwa nje tsunami.
Safika ebusuku endaweni lapho izivakashi ezingu-2,000 XNUMX zazilahlekelwe khona ukuphila kwazo.
Amakhandlela angu-2,000 2,000 akhanyiswe esihlabathini ayesikhumbuza ukuthi imiphefumulo engu-XNUMX XNUMX yayihambile kulelobhishi.
Kulesi senzakalo, ngafunda kundunankulu wezwe wangaleso sikhathi, u-Thaksin Shinawatra, ukuthi inhlekelele ivame ukuba nhlangothi zombili:
Igama lesiShayina onalo elisho "inhlekelele" -weiji– kusho ngesikhathi esifanayo “inhlekelele” kanye “nethuba”.
Inhlekelele ye-tsunami ka-2004 yayingaba yithuba lokwakha ezokuvakasha eziqinile nezisimeme.
Lokhu akwenzekanga. Ohulumeni nezinkampani basishaya indiva isifundo, futhi naphezu kwezincomo zethu, zakha kabusha ingqalasizinda isondele kakhulu emkhawulweni wolwandle.
Uma kwenzeka inhlekelele, bheka ukuthi kukhona yini okuhle okungazuzwa kuyo.
I-SARS:
Kodwa ake sibuyele kwaSARS.
Inhloso yeNhlangano Yezokuvakasha Yomhlaba bekuwukukhawulela umthelela wenhlekelele embonini yezokuvakasha yase-Asia ngokuletha umlayezo olinganiselayo kunalowo wembubhiso osakazwa abezindaba.
Sinesinqumo esibucayi okufanele sisithathe phambi kwethu: ukugcina noma ukungawugcini iseshini yoMhlangano Jikelele wethu, owawuzoba seBeijing ngoNovemba 2003.
Ngakhe ubuhlobo obunobungane nommeleli we-World Health Organization eChina.
Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, weza kimi, ethi wayenomuzwa wokuthi isiqongo salolu bhubhane sase sifinyelelwe; kodwa ulwazi bekusamele luqinisekiswe.
Ngabiza uHe Guangwei, ungqongqoshe wezokuvakasha waseShayina, ngamnxusa ukuba eze eMadrid azobika ngokwethembeka futhi angakhulumi ulimi ezihlathini, isimo sezwe lakhe eMkhandlwini wethu Omkhulu.
Sanquma ukugcina uMhlangano wethu ngendlela ehleliwe, ngaleyo ndlela sihambise umyalezo wokuzethemba embonini.
Umhlangano waba yimpumelelo. Igciwane elibulalayo lase lishabalele. Kulo mcimbi, i-WTO yanquma ukuguqulwa kwayo ibe yi-ejensi ekhethekile yoHlelo lwe-UN.
Ungabi namahloni. Ungangabazi ukuthatha ubungozi obaliwe.
Esikufundile ku-Covid: Ukuhlukahluka kanye Nokuvumelana nezimo.
Bafundi abathandekayo,
ake ngiveze umbono wokuthi, manje, njengoba i-Covid isemva kwethu, kunikezwe ithuba eliyingqophamlando. Umphumela wale nkinga yokukhucululwa kwenhlanzeko engakaze ibonwe ungase uguqulwe ube yithuba elingalindelekile lokudlulela ekuthuthukisweni kokusimama embonini yezokuvakasha.
Ukuhlukahluka kungenye yezikhiye.
Ngaphezu kwaleli gciwane uqobo lwalo, izindawo okuyiwa kuzo zithintwe yizithiyo zokuphatha nezokuhlanzeka ababezibekile ukuze bavikele izakhamizi zabo kulesi sifo, kodwa futhi nangemikhawulo yokuhamba ebekwe amazwe akhiqiza izakhamizi zawo.
Phakathi kwalezo ezishayeke kakhulu yizindawo okuya kuzo ezincike kakhulu emkhiqizweni wezokuvakasha oyingqayizivele nosengozini.
Ezinye iziqhingi zaseCaribbean, kanye nezindawo eziyizifanekiselo ezifana neVenice, zaqaphela ukuthi zazingeke zikwazi ukuqhubeka nokuphila ngezinsiza ezakhiwe ukuma kwemikhumbi emikhulukazi.
Izinhlobo ezingasimeme zezokuvakasha ezifana nokuhamba ngomkhumbi, uhambo lwendiza olude, ukuvakasha kwebhizinisi, amapaki okuzijabulisa, nezindawo zokungcebeleka eqhweni eziphakeme, zihlupheke kakhulu kunezinye izingxenye zemakethe ngenxa yalolu bhubhane.
Ezimweni ezinzima, kubalulekile ukuthi unganciki kakhulu kokukodwa noma enanini elincane lezimakethe ezikhiqizayo.
Amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, anjengeThailand, iVietnam, neCambodia, ngaphezu kwemikhawulo ayezibekela yona uma evakashile, ashaywe wukungabikho kwezivakashi zaseShayina njengoba izakhamuzi zaseShayina zayeka ukugunyazwa ukuya kwamanye amazwe nokubuyela ekhaya ngemva kwalokho. .
I-Indonesia yayingenabo abantu base-Australia;
ECanada, eMexico, naseBahamas eyabaseMelika.
Izindawo ezifana neMalta neCyprus, kuya ngemakethe ephumayo yaseBrithani, zithintwe kakhulu ukuvinjelwa kokuya phesheya okwabekwa kubantu bakhona nguhulumeni wase-UK.
Kwenzeka okufanayo ezindaweni zaseFrance eziseCaribbean nase-Indian Ocean.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezokuvakasha zasemaphandleni zibonise ukuqina kwazo okuqinile ngenxa yokusimama kwazo okuphezulu
E-Alps, amadolobhana aphakathi nendawo, njengalena engihlala kuyo, enikeza uchungechunge olubanzi lwemidlalo yesizini emine, imisebenzi yamasiko neyokungcebeleka, imelana kahle kakhulu nokushaqeka, lapho izindawo zokungcebeleka eziphakeme kakhulu zizizwa zingafaneleki. zizinikele kuphela kumkhuba wokushushuluza eqhweni, ngesikhathi lapho amakheshi kwakufanele avalwe ngenxa yezizathu zokuhlanzeka.
Ukunikeza uhla olubanzi lwezinsizakalo zezokuvakasha ezihlukene kanye nokuphindaphinda amasiko nemicimbi yezemidlalo unyaka wonke kuyindlela yezindawo ezisezintabeni zokunciphisa isikhathi sonyaka esiningi somsebenzi.
Emsebenzini wakho wesikhathi esizayo, unganciki kakhulu emakethe eyodwa, umkhiqizo owodwa, noma uzakwethu oyedwa
Ukuvumelana nezimo kubalulekile ngokufanayo.
Ezimeni ezinezinkinga, izindawo okuyiwa kuzo, ikakhulukazi imboni yezokwamukela izihambi, kufanele zivumelane ngokushesha noshintsho lwe-panorama yamazwe ngamazwe futhi ishintshele kwenye imakethe, uma ejwayele ukuvalwa ngokuzumayo.
Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha abasebenzi zibalulekile ukuphendula leyo nselelo. Ukwenyuka kwedijithali kwemisebenzi eminingi nezinqubo nakho kuyingxenye yesixazululo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-e-tourism kanye nohlobo olusha lwezindawo zokuhlala ezibhukwe ngokuqondile ku-inthanethi ngabathengi nakho kungaletha ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe esithombeni.
Ukuvumelana nezimo ekuzivumelaniseni nokuba khona kwamakhasimende avela emazweni ahlukene, emandleni awo okuthenga ahlukahlukene, izilimi, izinto azithandayo, nemikhuba, kuyisiqinisekiso sokuphepha.
Izindawo zokungcebeleka zasolwandle zase-Spain ezidume kakhulu zase-Costa Brava kanye ne-Costa del Sol, ngisho noma njengami uzithola zimbi, ziminyene, zinomsindo, futhi azikhangi, ziyimodeli kule ndaba. Bayakwazi ukuhlalisa unyaka wonke ngenani elikhulu lezivakashi ezivela emazweni ahlukene, amaqembu, noma amasiko.
Vulekele izinguquko endaweni yakho yokusebenza. Yiba ovumelana nezimo ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungakhulumi isiNgisi kuphela kodwa futhi nolunye ulimi lwangaphandle.
Madoda namakhosi,
ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ngizoba sesifundazweni saseShayina esisemaphandleni engisijwayele kakhulu, lesi saseGuizhou.
Bazama ukuthuthukisa le ndawo njengendawo eyisibonelo, enikeza izindawo zemvelo ezingakathintwa, izindawo ezilondoloziwe, namanzi ahlanzekile.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, basanda kuguqula ezinye zezindawo zabo ezihamba phambili njengezimpophoma i-Huangguoshu kanye nomhume we-Dragon Palace, zaba izinhlobo ezithile zamapaki okuzijabulisa, ezikhanyiswe ngemibala ecwebezelayo njengobomvana, osawolintshi, nowolintshi.
Izivakashi zaseShayina zingase zithande; abahambi bangaphandle ekufuneni kwabo ubuqiniso, bayodumazeka.
Enyakatho yesifundazwe, eduze noMfula iChishui, unento eyinqaba ebizwa ngokuthi i-Danxia enikeza amatshe abomvu namawolintshi namawa, lapho ungathola khona ama-fern ezihlahla avela ezikhathini zeJurassic ngisho namaphrinta ama-dinosaurs.
Baseduze nokudlula uSteven Spielberg ngeJurassic Park entsha!
Ungalokothi ukhohlwe ukuthi izivakashi ezivela emazweni ahlukene ziyakwenza abanakho ukunambitheka okufanayo nokulindelwe.
Okuhlosiwe kwemisebenzi yokuphromotha eyenziwa ohulumeni neziphathimandla zendawo ngokubambisana nezinkampani ezizimele kufanele nazo zilungiswe kalula uma izimo zishintsha kungazelelwe.
Ngikhumbula ngibone izingqwembe zomkhankaso wokukhangisa obizayo ovela esifundazweni saseGuizhou ezindongeni zedolobha likamasipala waseParis ngoMashi 2020, ngesikhathi lapho ukugcwala ngaphansi komhlaba kwakuqanda ngenxa yokuvalwa kwendawo, nalapho kwakungenzeki khona. Izakhamizi zaseFrance zizondizela eChina!
Ukuhoxiswa komkhankaso ngokushesha ngenxa yokumoshwa kwemali okwakumele iwumele akuzange kufike ezingqondweni zezikhulu.
Lungiselela ukwenza izinqumo ezinzima noma nini lapho kudingeka.
Isifundo salesi siqephu esithile emlandweni wezokuvakasha emhlabeni sicacile:
IKuhlelo olusha lwezokuvakasha, izindawo okuyiwa kuzo kuzodingeka zibheke ukwanda kwezimakethe ezithembele kuzo. Kuzodingeka baguqule imikhiqizo abayinikezayo kanye nephromoshini abayenzayo ukuze babe sesimweni sokusabela ngokushesha oguqukweni lwendawo ezungezile.
Ukuhlukahluka kanye nokuguquguquka kuhlanganiswe ndawonye kusho ukuqina.
Isifiso sokukhula kokuqina sihlanganisa ezimweni eziningi ukunaka kakhulu imakethe yasekhaya. Ngesikhathi se-Covid, amabhizinisi amaningi ezokuvakasha e-China asinda ngoba akwazi ukuphendukela emakethe yendawo. Ehlobo lika-2020 no-2021, amabhishi e-Italy ayegcwele amaNtaliyane, futhi amabhishi aseSpain ayegcwele abantu baseSpain. Abavakashi basekhaya bathatha indawo yabavakashi bakwamanye amazwe. Yile ndlela inhlekelele yangempela eyagwenywa ngayo.
Noma ngabe iluphi uhlobo lwebhizinisi lakho, ungalokothi ukhohlwe imakethe yasekhaya.
Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, usongo oluseduze Ezokuvakasha
Ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuyinto engenakuphikiswa ethinta zonke izingxenye zemboni yezokuvakasha, kodwa hhayi ngezilinganiso nangendlela efanayo.
Madoda namanenekazi, ezokuvakasha azinacala ekubhebhethekeni kwenqubo: uma uhlanganisa ezokuthutha ngendiza, zinomthelela phakathi kwamaphesenti amane kuya kwamahlanu ekukhishweni kwamagesi nge umphumela wokushisa.
EGrand Barrier yase-Australia, ukufiphala kwamakhorali sekuthuthuke kakhulu.
Lapho amakhorali efa, ingxenye enkulu yezilwane ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle iyanyamalala, futhi kunezindawo eziningi ezikhanga izivakashi. Ukuphakama kwezinga lolwandle neziphepho ezinamandla kuwusongo ebukhoneni bamanye amabhishi adumile, njengoba ngiye ngafakaza endaweni yokungcebeleka yaseMexico eCancun.
Ezokuvakasha ezintabeni eziphakeme ziyisisulu sokuqala saleso siphithiphithi njengoba, njengoba kuboniswe yi-UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), ukunyuka kwamazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo kuphezulu kakhulu ngobude.
Njengoba kushiwo yi-UNESCO: "izintaba ziyizinto eziphilayo ezizwelayo kakhulu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu futhi zithinteka ngokushesha kunezinye izindawo zokuhlala zasemhlabeni". Ake ngigcizelele ukuthi lesi siphetho sibaluleke kangakanani eShayina, izwe lapho amaphesenti angu-40 endawo engaphezulu kwamamitha angu-2,000 ukuphakama.
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi imboni ye-ski enamandla isengozini kakhulu kunanoma yimuphi omunye umkhakha esigamekweni sokufudumala komhlaba.
Phakathi kuka-1880 no-2012, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile e-Alps lenyuke ngaphezu kwamadigri Celsius amabili, futhi lesi simo siyakhula.
Iqhwa neqhwa, okuyizinto eziyisisekelo zokuvakasha zasebusika, kuya kuyancipha. Ezindaweni eziphakeme, inkathi ebandayo iyancipha, izinguzunga zeqhwa kanye nesithwathwa siyancibilika, imigqa yeqhwa iyahlehla, isembozo seqhwa siyancipha, nemithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile iya yindlala.
Esigodini sakithi esisezintabeni eNyakatho ye-Alps yaseFrance, ukumbozwa kweqhwa kutholakala ngamamitha angama-200 noma angama-300 ukuphakama kunangesikhathi sobuntwana bami (ngibhekisele lapha enkathini ende kakhulu!). Kusukela ngo-1980, indawo yokushushuluza eqhweni efana ne-Aspen eColorado ilahlekelwe yinyanga eyodwa ebusika.
Inhlolovo yakamuva eshicilelwe ekubuyekezweni Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu iphethe ngokuthi, emcabangweni wokukhuphuka ngo-2 degrees Celsius, amaphesenti angu-53 ezindawo zokungcebeleka zokushushuluza eqhweni ezingu-2234 ezise-Europe, okuyisifunda esihamba phambili semidlalo yasebusika, azobhekana nokuntuleka kweqhwa okukhulu. Uma kwenzeka ukunyuka kwama-degree angu-4, amaphesenti angu-98 awo azothinteka. Ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kweqhwa lokwenziwa kunganciphisa lawa maphesenti, ngokulandelana, abe ngamaphesenti angama-27 nangama-71.
Kodwa iqhwa lokwenziwa akulona i-panacea: ukusebenza kahle, kudinga amazinga okushisa abandayo; Kudingeka umthamo wamanzi omqoka; futhi amandla asetshenziswa inqubo anomthelela ngaphezu kwalokho ekufudumaleni.
Idrama iwukuthi isimo esingakholakali sokwenyuka kwamadigri ama-3 kuye kwangama-4 asiseyona inkolelo-mbono.
Sekuyisimo esidabukisayo kodwa esikholekayo maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka. Umbiko Wokuhlola Wesithupha we-IPCC okhishwe ngo-Agasti 2021 ubonisa ngokungananazi ukuthi ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu kunokusatshwa.
Umgomo weSivumelwano SaseParis sokunciphisa ngokushesha izinga lokushisa ngo-1.5 degrees Celsius ubonakala manje njengento engafinyeleleki.
Kodwa imboni ye-ski akuwona kuphela isisulu.
Ezinye izingxenye zomsebenzi wezokuvakasha ezintabeni nazo ziyahlupheka, njengalezo ezisekelwe ekubeni khona kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo eziphawulekayo. Ukunyamalala kwe-permafrost kubangela umonakalo kwingqalasizinda, ngokuwa kwamadwala ayingozi okusongela abaphila kahle.
Izinguzunga zeqhwa ezingu-200,000 XNUMX, ezinye zazo ezikhanga kakhulu ezokuvakasha, ziyancibilika futhi zincipha ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi ezintabeni zase-Alps, e-Andes, nasezintabeni ze-Himalaya.
Kwashona abantu abayishumi nambili ngoJulayi 2022 ekuweni kweqhwa lase-Italy eLa Marmolada.
Ngamafuphi, izithiyo nezinguquko eziwumphumela wokufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuzophoqa abaqhubi bezokuvakasha ezintabeni kanye nezinhlangano zokuphatha izindawo okuyiwa kuzo ukuthi bayeke imisebenzi ethile noma basebenzise izindlela zokunciphisa ezibizayo nokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
Ukujwayela ukufudumala komhlaba kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wako kumele izinselelo ezinkulu ezibhekene nezokuvakasha ezintabeni - kanye nezokuvakasha sezizonke- esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo.
Noma ngabe ibhizinisi lakho lesikhathi esizayo liyini, khumbula njalo ukuthi uguquko lwesimo sezulu luzokhiqiza idili elisha lomsebenzi wakho
Indlela eya phambili
Eqinisweni, isidingo sokusimama okwengeziwe ngenxa yalolu bhubhane olubi sihlangabezana nenselelo ebekwa isidingo sokuphendula ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu - isidingo esasikhona ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi esingavamile kodwa iqiniswa kakhulu imiphumela yayo.
Izolo inhlekelele, i-COVID manje ingase iguqulwe namuhla ibe yithuba.
Njengoba kwashiwo ku-2020 UN Policy Brief, "inhlekelele ye-Covid-19 iyisikhathi esinamandla sokuqinisekisa ukuqina, ukubandakanya, ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni nokusebenza kahle kwezinsiza. esizayo”.
Ngendlela efanayo, i-OECD yagomela ngoDisemba 2020 ukuthi
"Inkinga iyithuba lokucabanga kabusha ngezokuvakasha ngekusasa".
Kulo mongo, futhi njengesifundo sale nkinga, ukubheja ekuvakasheni kwezindawo zasemakhaya nezamasiko kuzobonakala kubantu abaningi njengendlela engcono kunokundiza uye ezindaweni ezithatha uhambo olude lolwandle.
Okwamanje, iziphathimandla zikahulumeni kanye nabanye ababambiqhaza bezokuvakasha bangase bafinyelele esiphethweni esifanayo: ukuze bathole umphumela olinganayo wezomnotho, ukukhanya kanye “smart” ezokuvakasha eziluhlaza zidinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane kunokuvakasha kwedolobha elikhulu noma ukuvakasha kwamabhishi.
Bafundi abathandekayo,
ake sikhulume ngomnotho isikhashana. Njengoba nonke nazi, izindleko zokuqala ezenziwa yisivakashi endaweni akumele zehliswe zibe yisenzo esisodwa sokusetshenziswa.
Imali echithwa ebhizinisini lezokuvakasha - indawo yokudlela, ihhotela, isitolo... - ingenisa imali engenayo kwamanye amabhizinisi ezokuvakasha noma emabhizinisini asemikhakheni ehlobene, ngokusetshenziswa kwawo okuphakathi, noma, kwemindeni, ngamaholo kanye inzuzo abayitholayo. Ngokulandelana kwamagagasi agxilile, ukusetshenziswa kwemali kokuqala kuba nomthelela ekupheleni kwawo wonke umnotho wendawo.
Yilokhu okubizwa, kusetshenziswa isisho saseKeynesian, the umphumela wokuphindaphinda ezokuvakasha.
Okubalulekile ukuthi amafomu we ezokuvakasha ezithambile okumele ukuvakasha kwasezintabeni (izindawo zokungcebeleka eqhweni eziphakeme ezingabaliwe) kanye nezokuvakasha zasemaphandleni ezimele, okuvumela ukuba khona kwendawo ephakeme umphumela wokuphindaphinda, ngakho-ke zifaka isandla kakhulu ekudaleni amathuba emisebenzi nasekuqedeni ubumpofu.
Uma uhlala ehhotela lezinkanyezi ezinhlanu, ngokusobala uzochitha nsuku zonke imali eningi kakhulu kunendawo yokuhlala yesabelomali njenge umbhede nokudla kwasekuseni, indlu encane, noma indlu yezihambi yomndeni; kodwa i ukuvuza, njengamaholo abasebenzi bamazwe ngamazwe noma ukubuyiselwa kwezinzuzo, kuyoba mkhulu; ekugcineni, ukubuya komnotho komphakathi wendawo kungase kube phezulu esimweni sesibili.
Ukuvakasha kwasemaphandleni nasezintabeni kumaphakathi nendawo umphumela wesifiso esifanayo sokuzama indlela elinganiselayo nethembekile yokujabulela ukuzilibazisa namasiko, ukuphrakthiza ezemidlalo, kanye thatha amaholide.
Ziyizibonakaliso ezimbili zokufuna okufanayo komphakathi ozinzile, onokuthula, nobandakanya wonke umuntu.
Ngokusebenzisa ukuqina kwemakethe yasekhaya, zizoba yizici eziyinhloko zokululama. Bamele indlela ewumngcingo ezoyisa ezokuvakasha enkathini yangemva kwe-Covid.
Ngemuva kokushaqeka kwalolu bhubhane, ezokuvakasha zingena endaweni entsha.
Madoda namakhosi,
ake sinikeze izwi lokugcina ku-Antonio Guterres, Unobhala-Jikelele WeNhlangano Yezizwe:
“Kubalulekile ukuthi sakhe kabusha ezokuvakasha endaweni ephephile, elinganayo futhi evumelana nesimo sezulu indlela ”.
Antonio Guterres, uNobhala Jikelele weNhlangano Yezizwe
