Ukubulawa Kwezindlovu eSri Lanka Kudinga Isinyathelo Esisheshayo

Njalo ngosuku olulodwa, indlovu eyodwa iyafa eSri Lanka ngenxa I-Human-Elephant Conflict (HEC), futhi liya likhula ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa komhlaba okungahleliwe, ukugawulwa nokuqhekeka kwamahlathi, ukwanda kwezindawo zokuhlaliswa kwabantu, nokungena kwabantu ezindaweni ezibucayi.

ISri Lanka iqophe ukufa kwezindlovu ezingama-440 kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuNovemba kulo nyaka, okudlula irekhodi lenani eliphakeme kakhulu lokufa kwezindlovu esikhathini esingangonyaka - ezingama-439 ngo-2022 - ezinyangeni eziyi-11, ngokusho kwezibalo zoMnyango Wezokongiwa Kwezilwane Zasendle (DWC).

Ukugomela ukuthi ayikho "inhlamvu yomlingo" engaxazulula i-HEC, UMnu Miththapala, icele ukuthi kusetshenziswe uhlelo oluphelele emikhakheni eminingi futhi luholwe kusukela phezulu kakhulu kubaphathi bakahulumeni.

“Kuyinkinga enzima engeke ixazululwe kancane. Uhlelo oluphelele, oluhlelwe kahle, futhi olugxilile kufanele lwenziwe emikhakheni eminingi. Lokhu kumele kuholwe phezulu kwezikhulu zikahulumeni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho,” egcizelela, engxoxweni abe nayo noMarianne David we. NgeSonto Ekuseni.

Isazi sezemvelo, umshisekeli wezilwane zasendle, kanye nomakadebona embonini yezokuvakasha onolwazi olunzulu ngezindlovu zaseSri Lanka, uMiththapala wabala izindawo lolu hlelo okufanele luhlanganise nazo, okuhlanganisa ithimba elisebenza ngokugcwele le-HEC elizinikele, elisezingeni eliphezulu, elisebenza ngokugcwele elinamandla anele okulandelela nokusebenzisa. icebo okwavunyelwana ngalo.

U-Miththapala uphinde wacela ukuthi kumiswe ukugxambukela kwezombusazwe ekuphathweni kwezilwane zasendle nokongiwa kwemvelo, wathi iningi lokuphazamiseka kokunyakaza kwezindlovu kanye nokuncipha kwezindawo zokuhlala kungenxa yokuthi umhlaba unikezwa abantu ngabanye ngenxa nje yokusekelwa kwezombusazwe. Wathi:

"Uma sifuna ukunqanda lokhu kubulawa kwabantu okuqhubekayo kwale mpahla yemvelo ebalulekile iSri Lanka ebusiswe ngayo, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ngokushesha."

Nazi izingcaphuno ze-interview:

Ngokwezibalo ozihlanganisile ngokusekelwe kudatha ye-DWC, sekufe izindlovu ezingama-440 kulo nyaka kuze kube nguNovemba kuphela, okudlula inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokufa kwezindlovu ezirekhodiwe onyakeni eSri Lanka - ezingama-439 ngo-2022. Ngo-2021, kwafa abangama-375. zarekhodwa. Okungenani kufa indlovu eyodwa nsuku zonke eSri Lanka. Kwenzakalani?

Ngikholwa ukuthi kunezizathu eziningi, ezihlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba okungahleliwe (ukuze kusetshenziselwe ezolimo nokunye), ukugawulwa nokuhlukaniswa kwamahlathi, ukwanda kwezindawo zokuhlaliswa kwabantu ngaphandle kokuhlela, kanye nokungena kwabantu (unomphela noma okwesikhashana) ezindaweni ezibucayi.

Empeleni, mncane umhlaba otholakalayo wezindlovu, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni kwazo okuhlukahlukene futhi kwenze izindlovu zihlangane kakhulu nabantu. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi cishe u-70% wezindlovu zasendle zingaphandle kwezindawo ezivikelekile. 

Ngo-2022, iningi labashonile lathintwa yi-HEC, nayo eyadlula nemiphefumulo yabantu abangu-146. Kulo nyaka bangu-166 abantu asebeshonile ngenxa ye-HEC. Yiziphi izinyathelo eziphuthumayo okudingeka zisetshenziswe ukubhekana ne-HEC nokwehlisa izinombolo?

Ayikho "inhlamvu yomlingo" yokuxazulula i-HEC, ngeshwa. Kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi engakwazi ukubhekwana nayo kancane. Uhlelo oluphelele, oluhlelwe kahle, futhi olugxilile kufanele lwenziwe emikhakheni eminingi. Lokhu kumele kuholwe kusukela phezulu kwezikhulu zikahulumeni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotshelwa komthetho. 

Lokhu kufanele kufake lokhu okulandelayo:

• Misa ithimba elisebenza ngokugcwele le-HEC elizinikele, elisezingeni eliphezulu, elisebenza ngokugcwele, elinamandla anele, ukuze lilandelele futhi lisebenzise uhlelo okuvunyelwene ngalo.
• Misa ukugxambukela kwezepolitiki kwi-DWC.
• Misa konke ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba okungahleliwe kanye nokugqekezwa.
• Nikeza usizo lwezezimali lokubiyelwa komphakathi kwamadolobhana (lapho yonke indawo ibiyelwe ngaphakathi kothango lukagesi oluklanywe kahle olunakekelwa umphakathi ngokwawo.
• Yakha ucingo lukagesi lwesizini oluzungeze i-paddy nezinye iziza zezolimo.
• Ukubeka izinhlawulo nezinhlawulo ezinyukile kubenzi bobugebengu bezilwane zasendle.
• Yakha ukuqwashisa ngesidingo sokongiwa kwemvelo kubantu basemakhaya.
• Ukukhishwa okusheshayo kwesinxephezelo kwabahlukunyeziwe be-HEC.

Ukudubula kwabulala izindlovu eziningi kakhulu ngo-2023, kwathi ezingama-84 zabulawa ngokudubula uma kuqhathaniswa nezingu-58 ngo-2022, kwathi amabhomu emihlathi abulala izindlovu ezingama-43, ezingama-57 zabulawa ugesi (2022:47), kwathi ezingama-57 zashona ezingozini zesitimela (2022:14). ). Kube nokunyuka okukhulu kwezibalo zokudubula nezingozi zezitimela. Kungani lokhu?

Izizathu ezinkulu zingenxa yezizathu ezishiwo ngenhla. Ngokuqondile kakhulu izizathu yilezi ezilandelayo:

Ukudubula: ikakhulukazi abantu basemaphandleni abasebenzisa izibhamu ukuze bagweme ukuphanga izindlovu zasendle. Ezikhathini eziningi lezi zibhamu azikho ezingeni eliphezulu futhi azinamandla amakhulu, okuholela ekutheni indlovu ithole ukulimala okubi kakhulu, okuba kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuholela ekuhluphekeni okudonse isikhathi eside futhi ekugcineni ife. Yebo, izakhamuzi nazo kufanele zihlinzekwe ngezinye izindlela zokuvimbela ukungenela kwezindlovu zasendle. Uthango lukagesi olubekwe kahle futhi oluklanywe lubonakala luyisixazululo esingcono kakhulu njengamanje. Okwamanje kukhona uhlolo olwenziwayo mayelana nesistimu yokukhanya kwe-strobe ukuze kusabise izindlovu, kodwa ayikho imiphumela eqondile etholakalayo okwamanje.

Amabhomu emihlathi: Lezi izicupho ezibekwa izakhamuzi ukuze zibulale izingulube zasendle, lapho izithelo ezithile ziboshwe ngeziqhumane, eziqhunyiswa ukushintsha kokucindezela. Izindlovu zasendle ziluma izicupho ezinjalo ngephutha, okuphumela ekulimaleni okukhulu emihlathini yazo futhi ekugcineni kuholele ekufeni okunyantisayo. Le mishini kumele ivalwe futhi labo abayisebenzisayo kumele bahlawuliswe kanzima.

Izingozi zezitimela: lezi zivame ukuvaleleka emigwaqweni emibili noma emithathu emigwaqweni yesitimela esenyakatho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga. Imikhawulo yesivinini ayisebenzanga, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokungathobeli kanye nokuhleleka okunzima kwamathrekhi, nokugoba okuningana lapho kunzima khona ukubona kusenesikhathi. Ngobuchwepheshe banamuhla, uhlelo olusebenzayo lokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi lungaklanywa futhi luhlolwe kalula uma kukhona umzamo ovela kuziphathimandla ezifanele.

Ochwepheshe baxwayise ngokuthi uma lesi sihlava sokubulala siqhubeka, izindlovu zizophela eSri Lanka eminyakeni engu-25-30. Ngokwezibalo zokugcina ezenziwe yi-DWC ngo-2011, inani lezindlovu eSri Lanka laqoshwa njenge-5,800. Hlobo luni lwezinombolo esizibhekayo ngokwenani lezindlovu njengamanje?

Yebo, kuye kwaba khona izinkulumo ngokuncipha kwenani labantu nokwesaba ukuthi lezi zilwane zizoqedwa. Nokho, alukho ucwaningo olufanele olwenziwa ukusekela lokhu. 

Ukubala izindlovu kuwumsebenzi onzima. Akukho lubalo lwezindlovu zasendle olunganikeza umphumela onembile. Ingaphezu kwezinombolo zangempela, ukuhlolwa kwangempela kwamaqembu emindeni, intsha kanye nentsha, izilinganiso zabesilisa nabesifazane, kanye nezimo zezempilo nezomzimba zabantu kungaba usizo kakhulu ekuhloleni okuhle kwesayensi kwesimo esiqondile. 

Izindawo ezihlala izindlovu ezinciphayo kanye nokuvinjwa kwamaphaseji ezindlovu - ingabe lokhu kungagwemeka noma kungavinjelwa?

Njengoba kuchaziwe ngaphambili, ukugxambukela kwezombusazwe ekuphathweni kwezilwane zasendle nokongiwa kufanele kumiswe. Ukuphazamiseka okuningi kokuhamba kwezindlovu kanye nokuncipha kwezindawo zokuhlala kungenxa yokuthi umhlaba unikezwa abantu ngabanye ngenxa nje yokusekelwa kwezombusazwe ngaphandle kokubhekisela ohlelweni lwesikhathi eside. 

"Ukuqoqwa Kwezindlovu" eMinneriya kubone izinombolo ezinciphayo eminyakeni embalwa edlule, nokwehla ngo-95% ngo-2021. Bekunjani Ukuqoqwa Kwezindlovu kulo nyaka? Ingabe izindawo ezinotshani ezanele zazitholakala eMinneriya kanye namazinga amanzi anconyiwe agcinwa? Ingabe izindlovu zabonisa izimpawu zokungondleki?

Izibalo zezindlovu zasendle eMhlanganweni ziye zehla ngenxa yamazinga amanzi athuthukisiwe echibini laseMinneriya ekukhishweni kwamanzi esikimu sokuphakelwa kwamanzi saseMoragahakanda, esisanda kuqaliswa.

Amazinga aphezulu amanzi avimbela ukukhula kwendawo yotshani ngasosebeni, lapho inqwaba yezindlovu zasendle idla khona. Ezinye izindlovu zike zakhombisa ukungondleki kwabikwa nokufa kwamankonyane ambalwa.

Kuze kube manje kunesivumelwano esithile noMnyango Wokuchelela ukuthi kukhishwe amanzi kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile lapho amadlelo engeke aphazamiseke. Lokhu kukhombise imiphumela emihle kulo nyaka, lapho inani elikhulu belidlangile eMhlanganweni.

UHlelo Lukazwelonke Lokusebenza Lokunciphisa I-HEC luhlongoza izindlela ezintathu - ukubiyelwa kwezolimo ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka ozungeze amapheshana e-paddy, uthango olusekelwe emphakathini oluzungeze amadolobhana, kanye nokuthuthwa kocingo lukagesi eduze kwemingcele yemvelo. Ithini imibono yakho ngalezi zindlela?

Zonke lezi yiziphakamiso ezinhle kakhulu, kodwa inselelo isekufezekisweni kwangempela kwalezi zenzo, okuyisifo esithinta yonke imikhakha kahulumeni. Uma leli qembu lemisebenzi eshiwo ngenhla limiswa, lokhu kungenziwa okungenani ngezinga elithile.

Ingabe Inqubomgomo Kazwelonke Yokugcinwa Nokuphathwa Kwezindlovu Zasendle eSri Lanka isasebenza futhi ingabe isiqalisiwe?

Yebo, kakhulu. Njengamanje uMengameli useqoke ikomiti elizobheka ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokusebenza. Impela leli komiti lenza elingakwenza ngaphansi kwezimo. Nokho-ke okudingekayo, njengoba kuchaziwe ngaphambili, ithimba elisebenza ngokugcwele elinawo wonke amandla nezinsiza zokuqinisekisa ukuqaliswa.

Uma sizonqanda lesi sibhicongo esiqhubekayo sale mpahla yemvelo ebalulekile iSri Lanka esibusiswe ngayo, kufanele kuthathwe isinyathelo esisheshayo (ngalesi sisekelo), siyibeke eqhulwini.