Imboni yezokuvakasha emhlabeni wonke yaqala ngo-2009 ilungiselelwe kahle uhambo olunzima. Izinsuku zokusabela okudidekile nokuthuthumela ezingozini nasezinkingeni ziya ngokuya ziba esikhathini esedlule. Kusukela ngekota yokugcina ka-2008, bekuqwashiswa ngokugcwele ukuthi ubunzima bomnotho womhlaba buzoba nomthelela kwezokuvakasha, okusabhekwa kabanzi njengomsebenzi wezomnotho ozikhethela wona. Nakuba i-United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) base besungule amakomiti okuqinisa ezokuvakasha, zonke izinhlaka zemboni bezifuna ukusimama ngendlela yazo.
Inselele okwabelwana ngayo embonini yezokuvakasha emhlabeni wonke ngo-2009 kube yinkinga yezimali emhlabeni jikelele. Sekukonke, ukufika kwezokuvakasha kwamanye amazwe phakathi kukaJanuwari no-Agasti emhlabeni jikelele kwehle ngamaphesenti angu-7 esikhathini esifanayo ngo-2008 kodwa lokhu kufihle okunye ukwehla okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali ngomuntu ngamunye kanye nabahambi abathatha uhambo olufushane kokubili ngokwebanga nangesikhathi. Izinkomba ezivela ku- UNWTO ukuthi ukuvuselelwa okuncane kuqale phakathi nengxenye yesibili ka-2009.
Lezo zindawo kanye namabhizinisi ezokuvakasha abegxile ekubalukeni komkhiqizo wemali kanye nokufinyeleleka kwawo aqeda inkinga yezimali yomhlaba (GFC) kahle uma kuqhathaniswa, kanti i-Afrika empeleni yaqopha ukukhula. Lezo zindawo ezazizibiza njengezikhungo zokunethezeka nokuzitika zibhekane nonyaka onzima kakhulu. IDubai yayiyisibonelo esihle salokhu kwakamuva. Ukuqondana kokuvulwa kwezakhiwo eziningi e-Dubai ezimiswe ekugcineni kwemakethe yendawo yokuhlala ngesikhathi sokungabi bikho kwezomnotho emhlabeni kubonakale kuyingxubevange enobuthi e-Dubai ngo-2009. I-Dubai, i-Abu Dhabi kanye nezinye izifundazwe zase-Gulf manje seziqala ukwakha Amahhotela ezinkanyezi ezi-3 nezi-4 ukuze akhange emakethe yokuvakasha ebanzi.
Embonini yezindiza kube nokushintshwa okunqunyiwe kokufunwa kwezinkampani zezindiza ezinezindleko eziphansi futhi iningi lezinkampani zezindiza ezisebenza ngokugcwele zazabalaza ukuphunyula. Isidingo sezihlalo zesigaba sokuqala nesamabhizinisi sehla ngo-2009, nakuba izinkampani zezindiza ezethula izihlalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zihlangabezane nokwanda kwesidingo salezi ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezokuvakasha webhizinisi oqaphela izindleko. Abasebenzisa imali enkulu ngokwesiko ekuhambeni kwezamabhizinisi okuhlanganisa nosomabhizinisi abavela emkhakheni wezezimali bebengaphansi kokucutshungulwa komphakathi kanye nezindaba ezinonya ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwemali njengoba abaningi babo eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika bebesebenzela amabhizinisi axhaswa kakhulu ngebheyili exhaswa ngabakhokhi bentela. Esinye sezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zenkampani yezindiza eye yanqoba isivunguvungu somnotho sango-2009 kube inkampani yase-Australia i-Qantas, ekhulise kakhulu ukusebenza kwenkampani ethwala izindleko eziphansi iJetstar futhi yanciphisa ukusebenza kwesevisi yayo egcwele ye-Qantas. inkampani yenethiwekhi. I-Qantas yayingomunye wabathwali abakhulu abambalwa bamazwe ngamazwe ukuthumela inzuzo ngo-2009 nakuba ngokwamazinga ayo inzuzo yayincane.
I-Cruising ibe ngenye yezindawo ezigqamile kwezokuvakasha ngo-2009. Ukubandakanywa ngokugcwele kwezindleko zokuhamba ngomkhumbi (okuhlanganisa indawo yokuhlala, ezokuthutha, ukuzijabulisa ngesikebhe kanye nokudla) kuholele ekukhuleni okukhulu koxhaso lokuhamba ngomkhumbi kanye nokwandiswa kwesikhalo sohambo lokuhamba ngomkhumbi jikelele. kububanzi obukhulayo bezibalo zabantu.
Isiphetho esiphezulu semakethe yezindawo zokulala, esifana nokuphela kweprimiyamu yemakethe yezindiza sibe nonyaka onzima ngo-2009 futhi kwaba nengcindezi enkulu yokunciphisa izindleko kanye nesaphulelo kumahhotela aphambili. Isinyathelo sokufaka amahhotela ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezenziwa ngempumelelo yiqembu le-ACCOR sibonakale siyisu eliyimpumelelo kakhulu lokuqina. Kulokhu amahhotela aphakathi nendawo axhase ngemikhiqizo ephambili edonsa kanzima.
Ezokuvakasha ngo-2009 zaqhubeka nokusongelwa ubuphekula. Ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kwehhotela i-JW Marriott e-Jakarta ngoJulayi 2009 yidelakufa elizibulele, elaliyisivakashi esikhokhayo sehhotela, kwadalula usongo olusha noluphazamisayo lokuphepha emahhotela emhlabeni jikelele. Abaphangi abazinze eSomalia elingekho emthethweni abagcinanga nje ngokusongela ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla kodwa baze benza nomzamo wokuhlasela i-passenger cruise liner. Lokhu kuhlasela kuhoxiswe yimininingwane yezokuphepha komkhumbi. Kuzo zonke izixhumanisi ochungechungeni lwezokuvakasha, izindaba zezokuphepha zahlala zikhathaza kakhulu ngo-2009. Ubugebengu eCaribbean obuqondiswe kubavakashi babuyinto ekhathaza kakhulu iTrinidad naseTobago .Usongo olukhulu lwezokuphepha kwezokuvakasha oluzayo lungase lungabi nesihloko esikhuluma ngegazi kodwa ubugebengu be-inthanethi futhi ubuphekula bunamandla okusongela ukusebenza kwezimali kwamabhizinisi amaningi ezokuvakasha nezivakashi antula ukuzivikela okudingekayo.
Izinhlekelele zemvelo ziyohlale ziwusongo kwezokuvakasha. I-tsunami yangoSepthemba 28 eyahlasela ogwini oluseningizimu yesiqhingi saseSamoa i-Upolu kanye ne-American Samoa yadala umonakalo omkhulu ezindaweni zokungcebeleka zezokuvakasha ezisogwini futhi yaphumela ekufeni uma okungenani izivakashi eziyishumi phakathi kwenani lokufa kwabantu abangama-200 kumaSamoa amabili. Njengoba kwakunjalo nge-tsunami yoLwandlekazi i-Indian ka-2004, indawo ephephile yendawo yokuhlala yezokuvakasha yaphinde yaqalwa njengento ekhathaza kakhulu. Imboni yezokuvakasha yase-Samoa ngokusekelwa yi-Pacific Asia Travel Association iye yashesha ukuthatha isinyathelo sokubuyisela ukuzethemba kwezokuvakasha kusukela kwaba ne-tsunami.
Ngo-Okthoba, i- UNWTO ikhiphe izinhlelo ezimbili ezibalulekile. Esokuqala kwaba ukukhishwa kwensizakalo yayo yesizindalwazi emangalisayo ethi www.sos.travel okuyithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokulawula inkinga yezokuvakasha emhlabeni jikelele. Okwesibili kwaba ukukhululwa e-Tashkent “kwe-Roadmap for Recovery,” okuwumhlahlandlela wokusabela ekuwohlokeni komnotho.
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu yinhlekelele enwabuzelayo ethinta kakhulu imboni yezokuvakasha. Njengoba lo mbhali esho esihlokweni sakamuva se-eTN, iNkomfa Yokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu kaDisemba 2009 yase-Copenhagen yasilela ekufezeni inhloso yayo yokufinyelela isivumelwano esibophezelayo sokunciphisa ukungcola. Imboni yezokuvakasha ayinakho ukukhetha ukuthi iqhubeke nempendulo yayo esebenzayo ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu kanye nokunciphisa intuthu engcolile ngaphandle kokubheka umphumela wezingqungquthela zomhlaba.
Okuphawuleka kakhulu okungenziwa ukuthi phakathi neminyaka eyishumi yokuqala yekhulunyaka lama-21 imboni yezokuvakasha yomhlaba wonke kanye neyokwamukela izihambi iye yaba ngochwepheshe kakhulu endleleni yayo yokulawula ubungozi kanye nezinhlekelele. Kusukela ezinhlanganweni ezinkulu ezihlanganisa UNWTO, I-World Travel & Tourism Council kanye ne-PATA ebhizinisini ngalinye lezokuvakasha nezivakashi ubungozi kanye nokulawulwa kwezinhlekelele sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yeqoqo lamathuluzi okuphatha kunezehlakalo ezibangela ukusabela okwesabekayo.
Ngo-2009, imboni yezokuvakasha ibhekane nezinselelo ezinzima kodwa kusukela kulo nyaka ivele ihlukumezekile kodwa ibhekene no-2010 ngokuzethemba kwezokuvakasha iqala ukukhula kancane kancane. Uma u-2009 bekuwunyaka wokusimama kwezokuvakasha, u-2010 ngethemba ukuthi uzoba unyaka wokuvuka kabusha kwezokuvakasha.
Umbhali unguMfundisi Omkhulu Wezokuvakasha eNyuvesi Yezobuchwepheshe-Sydney
