Izimoto Ezizimele aziphephile ukuthi zingatshalwa emigwaqweni yomphakathi I-Consumer Watchdog itshele iSenethi yaseMelika namuhla, isekela isexwayiso sayo ekuhlaziyeni imibiko edingekayo evela ezinkampanini ezihlola izimoto zamarobhothi eCalifornia futhi yacela izigele ukuba zimise umthethosivivinywa ozovumela izimoto zamarobhothi emphakathini. imigwaqo.
ISenethi icubungula umthethosivivinywa wezimoto zamarobhothi, i-AV Start Act, S. 1885, owavunywa yiKomidi Lezohwebo, Isayensi, Nezokuthutha ngonyaka odlule. USen. Dianne Feinstein, D-CA, ubeke umthethosivivinywa ngoba ukhathazekile ngokuphepha kwezimoto zamarobhothi nokuthi ubuchwepheshe bukulungele yini ukuhamba emigwaqweni yomphakathi.
Encwadini evulekile eya kumaSenators, uJohn M. Simpson, uMqondisi weProjekthi Yobumfihlo Nobuchwepheshe kanye no-Sahiba Sindhu, Ummeli Wabathengi, baxwayise ama-seneta ukuthi ubuchwepheshe abukakulungeli ukuthunyelwa okuphephile.
"Kungaba wusongo olukhulu emphakathini ukuthi iSenethi ligunyaze ukuthunyelwa kwezimoto zamarobhothi ngaphandle kwezivikelo ezidinga isitifiketi sezimoto uma ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi isimo sobuchwepheshe sibeka engcupheni umphakathi uma umshayeli engakwazi ukuthatha imoto," wabhala.
Imibiko yaseCalifornia yembula ukuthi izimoto zamarobhothi ezihloliwe zazingakwazi ukubhekana nomsebenzi wokwenza izinqumo ezithile abantu abazenzayo nsuku zonke lapho beshayela. Phakathi kokwehluleka obekudinga umshayeli wokuhlola womuntu ukuthi alawule:
• Ukwehluleka kwesignali ye-GPS,
• amalambu aphuzi amafushane kune-avareji,
• ukushintshashintsha okusheshayo kwethrafikhi yomgwaqo,
• ukuvinjwa komzila kungazelelwe,
• izimoto ezipakwe ngokungalungile eduze
• ukwehluleka kwehadiwe
• ukwehluleka kwesofthiwe
“Kumele siqinisekise ukuthi izimoto ezizishayelayo ziyakwazi yini ukuzishayela ngaphambi kokuthi sizifake emigwaqeni yomphakathi. Yini eyenza imoto izishayele ngaphandle kombono womkhiqizi wezimoto onentshisekelo yokuthengisa umkhiqizo wabo? Umthetho kumele uvikele umphakathi ngokubeka izindinganiso eziqinisekisa ukuthi izimoto ezintsha emgwaqeni zingahlangabezana namakhono azo abezihlosile,” kusho uSimpson noSindhu encwadini yabo eya eSenate.
Izinkampani ezingamashumi amabili zikhiphe okuwukuphela kwedatha etholakala esidlangalaleni mayelana nesimo sobuchwepheshe bezimoto zamarobhothi eMnyangweni Wezimoto waseCalifornia. "Imibiko yokungahlanganyeli" edingekayo ekhishwe ngesonto eledlule ibonisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi izimoto ezizishayelayo azikwazi ukuhamba ngaphezu kwamamayela angu-5,596 esimweni esihle kakhulu ngaphandle komshayeli wokuhlola womuntu othatha isondo. Ezimweni eziningi, izimoto azikwazi ukuhamba ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angamakhulu ambalwa ngaphandle kokudinga ukungenelela komuntu, kuphawula i-Consumer Watchdog.
Ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwalo kwemibiko yokuhoxiswa, inhlangano engenzi-nzuzo, engenzi nzuzo, iqembu lezithakazelo zomphakathi licele iSenethi ukuthi imise uMthetho Wokuqala we-AV:
“I-Consumer Watchdog icela ukuthi wenze okuthile ukuze uvikele ukuphepha komgwaqo omkhulu futhi umise uMthetho we-AV START, S. 1885, ngaphandle uma uchibiyelwa ukuze udinge izindinganiso zokuphepha ezisebenzisekayo ezisebenza ngokuqondile kubuchwepheshe obuzimele. Okwamanje, uma kubhekwa isimo sobuchwepheshe njengoba sikhonjiswe onjiniyela ngokwabo, noma yimuphi umthetho we-AV kufanele udinge umuntu oshayelayo ngemuva kwesiteringi esikwaziyo ukulawula.”
I-Consumer Watchdog icele “imithetho eklanywe ngokucophelela, amamethrikhi okusebenza aqokiwe, kanye nesistimu yesitifiketi esiqinisekisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe ngeke bubeke umphakathi engozini uma umshayeli ongumuntu engakwazi ukulawula imoto ebizwa ngokuthi 'ezishayelayo'."
Izinkampani ezingamashumi amabili ezinezimvume zokuhlola izimoto zamarobhothi eCalifornia kwadingeka ukuthi zifake "imibiko yokungahlanganyeli", ehlanganisa amamayela okufakwa kuhlu angu-2017 aqhutshwa kumodi yokuzimela kanye nenani lezikhathi ubuchwepheshe berobhothi buhlulekile. Le mibiko ikhishwe ngesonto eledlule. Eziyisishiyagalolunye zalezo zinkampani, okuhlanganisa i-Waymo (inkampani ephethwe yinkampani engumzali ye-Google) kanye ne-GM Cruise, zinikeze idatha ethile ebonisa izizathu ezenza ubuchwepheshe bazo berobhothi buhlulekile.
UWaymo uthe ubuchwepheshe bayo bezimoto zamarobhothi bunqanyulwe izikhathi ezingu-63, noma kanye njalo kumakhilomitha angu-5,596 ngenxa yokushiyeka kobuchwepheshe hhayi “izimo ezingaphandle” njengesimo sezulu, ukwakhiwa komgwaqo, noma izinto ezingalindelekile, njengoba ngokuvamile kucatshangwa. Izizathu ezivame kakhulu zokuthi kungani abashayeli bokuhlola abantu kudingeke balawule imoto yerobhothi kwaba ukuntula kwehadiwe, isoftware, kanye nombono, kusho umbiko kaWaymo.
Uphiko lwe-GM's Cruise, oluthi luzofaka izimoto zamarobhothi emgwaqeni ukuze zisetshenziswe umphakathi ngo-2019, lungene kumamayela esibili ezinkampanini obekumele zibike ngokuhlolwa kwazo. Izimoto zakhona zahamba, isamba esingamamayela ayi-131,675 futhi kwahlukaniswa abantu abangu-105 noma eyodwa njalo ngamakhilomitha ayi-1,254.
Umbiko weGM Cruise uveze ukuthi izimoto zawo zamarobhothi azikwazi ukubikezela kahle ukuziphatha kwabashayeli abangabantu, njengoba ama-44 kwezingu-105 zokungahlangani (cishe u-40%) lapho umshayeli elawule khona kwakuyizimo lapho ubuchwepheshe be-GM Cruise buhluleka khona lapho bezama ukuphendula abanye abashayeli. umgwaqo.
Zonke ezinye izinkampani ezikhiphe idatha ethile enemininingwane yezizathu zokungahlangani, okuhlanganisa i-Nissan ne-Drive.ai, isiqalo sobuchwepheshe esisebenzisana ne-Lyft, ziqinisekise ulwazi luka-Waymo kanye ne-GM Cruise. AbakwaNissan bathi bahlole izimoto ezinhlanu, zafika ku-5007 miles kanti zinezingu-24 zokungahlangani. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Drive.ai yaba nokuhlukaniswa okungu-151 kumakhilomitha ayi-6,572 inkampani eyangena kuwo.
Incwadi kaConsumer Watchdog yathi:
“Inhloso okuhloswe ngayo ye-S. 1885 ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha emigwaqweni emikhulu ngokufakwa kobuchwepheshe be-Highly Automated Vehicle (HAV). USihlalo weKomidi Lezohwebo uSenator John Thune uthe 'ukuphepha…izinzuzo zezimoto ezizishayelayo zibaluleke kakhulu ukuba zingabambezeleka.' Kodwa-ke, amaqiniso akhombisa ukuthi lezi zimoto zingabeka engcupheni enkulu emphakathini kunezokuphepha abakhiqizi bezobuchwepheshe be-AV abaziqinisekise ngokudukisa umphakathi.”
