Ngabe izobuya imihlangano? Ngabe amahhotela angavuleka ngempela ngokuphephile?… Noma kufanele sihlale ekhaya?

Ukuhlangana Kwezokuvakasha iPharadigm Entsha

Kuze kube, kufaka phakathi ukuqala konyaka we-2020, ochwepheshe abaningi embonini yehhotela, ezokuvakasha nezokuvakasha bebengavuma ukuthi "okukhulu kungcono." Isidingo sidale isidingo sokwakha imikhumbi emikhulu yokuhamba ngesikebhe, amahhotela amaningi ahlukanisiwe, izinkundla zezemidlalo ezengeziwe nezikhungo zemihlangano, izindiza ezisheshayo nezinkulu. Kubukeke kungekho uphahla futhi akukho ukuvimba okuvimbela ukwanda okuqhubekayo komkhakha. Abantu abavela kuwo wonke amazwe, kungakhathalekile ukuthi bahola malini noma baqashwa kanjani, bakhuthazwe ukuthi bahambe ngaphakathi nasemazweni aphesheya, ukuvakashela abangani, umndeni, ukuthuthukisa imfundo, ukukhulisa ibhizinisi, kanye nokuzijabulisa. Ukusuka kuma-passport kuya ezinhlelweni zamakhadi okungena emhlabeni wonke kwaklanyelwe ukusheshisa uquqaba njengoba babegcwala ngentshiseko ezikhumulweni zezindiza naseziteshini zezitimela. Ukusakazeka okungapheli kwabantu besuka komunye umcimbi beya komunye, besuka kwelinye idolobha beya kwelinye futhi besuka kwelinye izwekazi beya kwelinye beletha izinyembezi zenjabulo ebuholini bemboni njengoba ukwanda komugqa waphansi kwakusho amabhonasi amakhulu nokuvikeleka kwemisebenzi.

Kuthiwani Ngezingozi?

Izingozi zokuhamba zihlale zikhona, noma zingekho ngaphambili naphakathi nendawo. Ibhanoyi lingashayeka, itekisi lingase lidunwe endaweni ekude yezwe, i-MERS ne-SARS ne-ZIKA ziphakamise ukukhathazeka kwezempilo, ukudla okunobuthi namanzi angcolile kwenza ukuthi kube lula ukuba nohudo lwabahambi; kodwa-ke, azikho izingcuphe ebezingene ngokwanele noma zibucayi ngokwanele ukumisa noma zinciphise ukufunwa kwamathuba amaningi okuvakasha.

Bakhubekile

Siyabonga ngobugwala bamaShayina kanye neWorld Health Organisation (WHO) nobuphukuphuku bomuntu ohlala manje eWhite House, i-COVID 19, igciwane ebelingaqukatha elinomthelela omkhawulo emhlabeni (cabanga nge-MERS, SARS kanye neZika) ku Ukuhambela umhlaba wonke, sekube wubhadane, okudala umuzwa omkhulu wobungozi, ukungaqiniseki kanye nokulahleka kolawulo kubantu emhlabeni jikelele, okubeka izingxoxo zezempilo esicongweni sazo zombili izinhlaka zomphakathi nezizimele. UMnu.Trump nozakwabo sebenze inhlekelele ehlukumeze imiphakathi, ngemiphumela emibi futhi emifushane eyohlala isikhathi eside. Lolu bhubhane lwehlukile ngoba lube nomthelela - hhayi emphakathini owodwa noma emibili noma emazweni, kodwa kunalokho, kuyo yonke iplanethi, enedethi yokuphela engaziwa.

Ezokuvakasha kanye neNihilism

Abaholi bomhlaba wonke ababekade, besekelana, manje sebencintisana ngezinsizakusebenza eziyindlala, bebeka izidingo zabo phambi kwezidingo zabanye. Izinkinga zibuye zihlanganiselwe abantu kanye nemiphakathi ngenxa yezingozi ezikhona nekusasa elingaziwa. Umhlaba wonke ubhekene neqiniso elibucayi elinikeza ithemba elincane noma elingenalo nhlobo, ubuholi obubuthakathaka (okungcono kakhulu), ohulumeni abazama ukusebenza nokwenza izinqumo ngaphandle kolwazi, futhi ezimweni eziningi, kufakwe ibhulashi le-nihilism.

Imiphumela yesikhathi eside ye-COVID 19 ayicaci; kodwa-ke, ukuncipha kwesikhashana kanye nokwesikhashana kweminotho yomhlaba, ukungabi bikho kwamathuba amasha emkhathizwe, kuhlanganiswe negciwane elihlala liguquka futhi elandayo kuveze obala ukufika okuncane kwemiphakathi emhlabeni wonke ukwenza imizamo yokujwayelekile kubonakale kuyize.

Incazelo, Hhayi Impendulo

Ngoba izinsizakusebenza zomhlaba bezilokhu zingalungele ubhadane (kufaka phakathi, kepha kungagcini kwezombusazwe, ezesayensi, ezomnotho, ezikahulumeni kanye nezempilo yomphakathi) ukugxila masinyane kugxile ekusakazeni igciwane - ngokukhathazeka okukhethekile kweMisa Gatherings njengoba le micimbi ibhekwa njengaletha izinselelo zezempilo zomphakathi ososayensi kanye nohulumeni abangakulungele noma abangakulungele ukubhekana nazo.

Ngokomlando, imicimbi emikhulu (ezombusazwe, ezemidlalo, ezenkolo, ezomculo, ezamabhizinisi) ibingumthombo wezifo ezithathelwanayo ezisabalala emhlabeni jikelele kepha ezingafinyelelanga ebucayini be-COVID 19. Okuhlukile ngalesi sifo ubukhulu benkinga. Ubhadane lwangaphambilini selukhulunywe ngabaholi bamazwe ngokuhlela ngokuhlanganyela, ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yezempilo, kanye nezinyathelo zangaphambi kokuqedwa nokuzivikela okuthe, jikelele, zalawula izifo ezithathelwanayo ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele.

Okukhulu. Kukhulu kakhulu. Okukhulu

Baningi Abantu

Imibuthano eningi ichazwe yiWorld Health Organisation (WHO) ngokuthi, “umcimbi ohleliwe noma ovele wenzeke lapho inani labantu abaya khona lingakhinyabeza izinsiza zokuhlela nokuphendula zomphakathi noma zezwe elibambe lo mcimbi.” ICentre for Disease Control (CDC) iyavuma ukuthi i-COVID 19 isatshalaliswa ngamaconsi okuphefumula akhishwa lapho abantu bekhuluma, bekhwehlela, bethimula futhi bememeza. Kungenzeka ukuthi leli gciwane lisabalalele ezandleni lisuka ezindaweni ezingcolile bese lingena ngamakhala, ngomlomo nangamehlo, libangele ukutheleleka. Ukuphela kwempendulo, ngalesi sikhathi, kungukuzivikela komuntu siqu njengokugeza izandla, ukuhlala kude nabanye (ekhaya), isikhala samamitha ayisithupha phakathi komuntu nomuntu, futhi ugqoke isembozo sobuso, kuhlangene nokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane kuyo yonke indawo.

Ukuhlangana kwabantu abaningi kudale izimo eziphuthumayo zakamuva zezaziso zomhlaba wonke kubandakanya (kepha kungagcini lapho): iVancouver 2010 Winter Olympics (H1N1 influenza)); iNdebe Yomhlaba wonke ye-FIFA eNingizimu Afrika (H2010N1 influenza); umqhudelwano weNdebe Yomhlaba Kazwelonke Yebhola Lezinyawo lase-Afrika e-Equatorial Guinea (isifo segciwane le-Ebola); ama-Olimpiki aseRio 1 (igciwane leZika); kodwa-ke, akukho noyedwa ofinyelele ebucayi nasekuxakekeni kwe-SARS CoV-2015, ebikwe ivela eChina ngo-2016-2 njengegciwane elidluliswa umzila wokuphefumula oholela kubhadane lwe-COVID 2019.

Iya noma Cha Iya

Ngoba imibuthano eningi ikhiqiza imifudlana eminingi yemali engenayo futhi idala inani elikhulu lokukhangisa futhi ithuthukise ubudlelwane bomphakathi bendawo (indawo kanye nababambiqhaza), imicimbi ehleliwe ngaphambi kwe-COVID 19 ivunyelwe. Abahleli bendawo, kanye nezokuphepha zikahulumeni, ezempilo yomphakathi, kanye nezeluleko zokuphepha ezilungiselelwe le micimbi ngokuhlinzekwa kwemithi yokugoma, imishanguzo, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha kuhlangene nezinqubo zokunciphisa nezinqubo ezincike kulwazi. Ngeshwa, impendulo ephuzayo (edabukisayo) yohulumeni kumathuba aphezulu we-Covid19 contagion inike amandla ubhadane ukuthi lusabalale ngokunganqamuki ngejubane elimangalisayo.

Kusobala ukuthi ukuqashelwa okuvilaphayo nokwamukela sekwedlule isikhathi maqondana neqiniso lokuthi ukuhlangana kwabantu abaningi kudala indawo ekahle yokusabalalisa igciwane - kuphoqelele imihlangano, izingqungquthela, nemihlangano kuZoom nakwezinye izinketho ezenziwa online.

Izigidigidi Zilahlekile

Imicimbi enkulu ikhanseliwe noma ihlehlisiwe ifaka iLondon Marathon evamise ukukhiqiza ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayizigidi eziyi-100 ($ 125m) emnothweni wase-UK. Lokhu futhi kwaba yisilonda kuzigidigidi uRichard Branson oxhase lo mcimbi ngeVirgin Money kusukela ngo-2010. UTaylor Swift noSir Paul McCartney bebehlelelwe ukuyonandisa emcimbini omkhulu wezomculo ongaphandle wase-UK ngaphambi kokuba ukhanselwe. IGlastonbury idiliva amakhilogremu ayizigidi ezingama-50 ($ 62m) ngonyaka ekuthengisweni kwamathikithi kuphela (imali yamathikithi iyabuyiselwa). Ukuthengiswa kokuthengwa esizeni, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemali kwasendaweni, kungeza ukulahleka okungeziwe kwamakhilogremu ayizigidi eziyi-100 ($ 125m). Ngoba iGlastonbury Festival inikela cishe amaphawundi ayisigidi ($ 1m) wenzuzo yayo ezinhlanganweni ezisiza umphakathi, lezi ezingenzi nzuzo manje zizobona ukwehla kwemali yazo kulo nyaka ngenxa yokukhanselwa.

IWimbledon, umqhudelwano wethenisi owaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni ubulindele ukulahlekelwa ngamakhilogremu angama-200 ($ 249.4 m) ngokubuyiselwa kwamathikithi, abasakazi nabaxhasi. Izindaba ezimnandi zalo mcimbi umshwalense wawo ofaka nobhadane lwezifo. Iqembu liyakwazi ukufuna isinxephezelo esilinganiselwa ezigidini eziyikhulu ($ 100m) ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwalo. IBritish Lawn Tennis Association nayo izohlomula yize isuliwe ngoba isazothola inkokhelo yayo yaminyaka yonke engama-125-million ($ 40m) evela eWimbledon.

ILondon Fashion Week ivame ukukhiqiza okungenani amaphawundi angama-269-million ($ 333.8m) enzuzweni yedolobha laseLondon, kufaka phakathi imali etholwa abanikazi bamahhotela bendawo nabanikazi bezindawo zokudlela kanye nezindawo ezibekelwe imibukiso, ngentela yenkampani eyengeziwe nemali evela ezitolo ezithengiswayo emnothweni ngabavakashi. Umcimbi ubambe iqhaza kwi-inthanethi, futhi abalandeli basakwazi ukubona imfashini yabo, kepha iDolobha laseLondon lilahlekelwa yimikhuba emihle yokusebenzisa imali yababekhona ephaketheni elijulile.

Ama-Olimpiki aseTokyo 2020 abiza izwe ngaphezu kwama- $ 12.6 billion ukukhiqiza ngenkathi ukukhanselwa kungeze okunye ukulahleka okungama- $ 2.7 billion njengoba amadolobhana aklanywe ngokukhethekile kumele anakekelwe, abasebenzi kumele bakhokhelwe, futhi izindawo eziningi kumele zibhaliswe kabusha.

Imicimbi eyengeziwe ekhanseliwe noma ehlehlisiwe ifaka phakathi ubuqhawe be-Union of European Football Associations Euro 2020; i-Formula 1 Grand Prix eChina; umqhudelwano webhola lombhoxo weSithupha e-Italy nase-Ireland; Imicimbi yokuhlungela isibhakela yama-Olympic; i-Mobile World Congress eBarcelona kanye ne-Umrah eSaudi Arabia.

Emaqenjini amancane umcimbi waminyaka yonke ungaba ukuphela kwethuba elikhona lokuthola imali, okuvumela imali engenayo ngomunye unyaka wokusebenza. Izindleko ezitholwe ngesikhathi sokuhlela kungenzeka zingaphinde zibuyiswe. Izindleko ezitholakele zibandakanya ukuhlelela, abenza imali nezindawo zokudlalela, nezinto zokwazisa ezingatholakali. Imicimbi emikhulu ingahle ibe nomshwalense wokubuyela emuva, kepha imicimbi emincane - esekwe emphakathini akunakwenzeka ukuthi ithole leli thuba.

Ngaphandle Kwengozi: Ubudlelwano Bomphakathi

Ezimweni eziningi, ukuqoqwa kwenqwaba kukhanseliwe noma kwasuswa ku-inthanethi, hhayi kuphela ngokubheka izingozi zezempilo zomphakathi, kepha ngenxa yokubonakala kwale micimbi ngentshisekelo yabezindaba kanye nokubamba iqhaza komphakathi / kwezepolitiki nokulindelwe ngabathengi. Ukube le micimbi ibivunyelwe ukuqhubeka ezingeni lomhlaba, okukhombisa ngokusobala amathuba okusabalalisa lesi sifo emhlabeni wonke, impendulo yomphakathi ibizoba nolaka futhi ingapheli. Ngakho-ke - ngenxa yokwesaba, ukungaqiniseki, nokukhathazeka ngokwehluleka, kanye nedatha etholakalayo neyandayo ekhombisa ukuthi le micimbi iyizidlo zePetri zokusabalalisa igciwane, kuthathwe njengokuhlakanipha ukungazivezi lezi zigameko - bukhoma - kulo nyaka .

Akudikibali

Okuqhubeka nokudida lesi simo ukuthi, ekukhanyeni kwayo yonke imininingwane, kuhlanganiswe nezitatimende ezivela kososayensi, abaphathi bezempilo yomphakathi, abaholi bamabhizinisi, kanye namaqembu omphakathi, abantu basenentshisekelo yokuhambela imicimbi, befuna amathuba angathathwa ngokuthi "angaphansi komhlaba , ”Futhi, kwezinye izimo, ezikhaleni ezinqunywe ukuthi zingaphephile, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kakhulu.

Izinkulungwane zabalandeli zigcwele ithrekhi yomjaho eSouth Dakota muva nje naphezu kokwanda kwesibalo samacala atholwa ngama-coronavirus esifundazweni. ISpeedway sikaHuset, esivaliwe iminyaka eminingi, besivulwa futhi abantu abacishe babe yi-9000 baminyene ezihlalweni cishe bengekho buso bobuso. Umphumela womcimbi? Abasebenzi bezempilo babike amacala amasha angama-88 nokufa komuntu oyedwa.

I-CDC ibike ukuthi phakathi kwababekhona abayi-92 esontweni elisemaphandleni e-Arkansas ngoMashi 6-11, ama-35 (amaphesenti angama-38) athuthukise i-Covid 19 eqinisekiswe elebhu futhi kwabulawa abantu abathathu. Izinga lokuhlaselwa eliphakeme kakhulu belisabantu abaneminyaka engu-19-64 (amaphesenti angama-59) kanye +/- neminyaka engama-65 (amaphesenti angama-50). Amanye amacala angama-26 axhumene naleli sonto avele emphakathini kubandakanya nokufa komuntu oyedwa.

E-Skagit County, eWashington, amalungu angama-45 wokuzilolonga kwamakhwaya wabantu abangama-60 agule yi-COVID 19. Akekho owayekade ekhombisile izimpawu ngaphambi kokuya kulolo hlelo futhi abengekho amacala aziwayo kuleyo ndawo, yize amacala ayekhonjwe eSeattle eseduzane.

E-Austin, eTexas, abafundi abangama-28 kwabangu-70 ababekise indiza eMexico ekhefini lasentwasahlobo bathola ukuthi banegciwane.

EGeorgia, abangu-200 abalilayo bahlangana ukuhambela umngcwabo kanti inqwaba yezihlobo nababekhona baba nentando yaleli gciwane.

ENew Rochelle, NY, eneminyaka engama-90^th Iphathi yosuku lokuzalwa, umninikhaya uthole ukuthi unegciwane kanti izivakashi eziyisishiyagalombili zagula, kuhlanganisa nabazali, kwathi ababili abebekhona bafa.

Izindleko Zomphakathi

Imicimbi ibamba iqhaza elibalulekile empilweni yomphakathi futhi iya emikhosini nasemicimbini yabantu abaningi iletha izinzuzo kumuntu ngamunye nakulapho iya khona. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukuya emikhosini kuhlobene nomuzwa wokuxhumeka ngokomzwelo futhi isipiliyoni esabiwe sakha imiphakathi enamandla futhi eqinile.

Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo yezenhlalo, uSonja Lyubomirsky, uthola ukuthi akunandaba ukuthi ungeniswe noma unolwazi oluthe xaxa, ukuxhumana nabanye abantu kubonakala kunomthelela emndenini wenhlalakahle. Isayikholoji yokuhambela imicimbi emikhulu yenza umuntu ukuthi ayeke ukuba “wedwa” futhi avunyelwe ukuthatha igama lomphakathi elisuselwa eqenjini.

Kukhona ushintsho olujwayelekile: abantu bayashintsha kusukela ekusebenzeni ngokwezinkolelo zabo kanye nezindinganiso zabo ezihlukile kuya ezinkolelweni nasezimisweni ezisekelwe eqenjini, benza, "njengokungathi" beyi-festival-goer noma fan. Kukhona futhi nokushintshana kobudlelwano: abantu bazichaza ngokwabo ubunikazi bezenhlalo futhi babone abanye njengababelana ngobunjalo obufanayo bezenhlalo, okwenza ubudlelwane budlelane.

Olunye ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi amalungu eqembu nawo asebenzisana kakhulu, ahloniphane, athembane, asekele futhi abe usizo kwabanye futhi aqala ukuhlanganyela njengeqembu akhombe ukuvumela izinga lokunethezeka lokusondelana ngokomzimba, okwenza "ukuminyana" kwamukeleke. Umuzwa wokusondelana nokusekelwa kunomthelela emizweni enamandla emihle eveza imicimbi eminingi yesixuku.

Shrink Esongwe

Ekuqaleni kwezigameko iCentre for Disease Control (CDC) ixwayise ngamaqembu amakhulu kunama-250 uma ungekho umphakathi owaziwayo osabalale esifundeni. Inani labe selincipha laya ku-50, lancishiswa ngokushesha lafika kwabangu-10. Ososayensi kanye nochwepheshe bezempilo yomphakathi bayavuma ukuthi kungaba ngcono ukuhlukanisa wonke umuntu; kodwa-ke, lokhu akunangqondo futhi ukugcina amaqembu amancane kunganciphisa inani labantu abangenalo igciwane abahlangana naleli gciwane.

Ezinye izikhulu zikahulumeni ziyilalelile isayensi nemibuthano ibilokhu incipha: akukho kudla endlini, ukukhanselwa kwezinsuku zokudlala, ukugwema imigoqo nemibuthano yokuzijabulisa, ukusebenza ekhaya… konke lokhu kuhlose ukugwema abanye abantu.

Ayikho impendulo ephelele

Ayikho inombolo yomlingo ephephile emibuthanweni, ngokusho kukaSamuel Scarpino, usosayensi wezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nochwepheshe wokumodela izifo ezithathelwanayo waseNortheastern University eBoston, MA. Ngenkathi ukugcina amaqembu amancane kubalulekile, kunezinye izinto ezibhekwayo okubandakanya iminyaka, izimo zempilo ezingaphansi, ukwehluka endleleni igciwane eliziphatha ngayo namandla ezenhlalo. Indlela abantu abahamba ngayo ezixukwini ingashintsha ukuthi igciwane lidlula kanjani eqenjini. Kwezinye izimo, akulona usayizi weqembu kepha kunalokho ukuthi abantu bagcwele kangakanani futhi nesikhathi abasichitha besondelene esixukwini.

Ku-2018 kube nesifundo ngokuhamba ngeLondon Underground enezinombolo zesifo esifana nomkhuhlane esiqoqwe yiPublic Health England. Amanani ezifo ayephakeme ezindaweni lapho uhlelo lwesitimela sasisebenza kakhulu, hhayi ngoba kwakukhona abantu abaningi abadlulayo kepha babedlula kancane, okwenza ukuthi bachithe isikhathi esithe xaxa esiteshini futhi bahlangana nabantu abaningi (cabanga izixuku ukuchitha amahora kuminyene ezikhumulweni zezindiza zase-US ngemuva kokusebenza kwemithetho yokuhlola).

Ubuholi Bezithulu

UCovid 19 uhambise ukufa, ukugula okungapheli, ukungasebenzi, imindeni esanda kudla imbuya ngothi, ukungabi namakhaya, ukudangala, kanye nokuzibulala okwandayo kubantu bomhlaba, kepha akukho okubonakala kuhambisa inaliti uma kukhulunywa ngosopolitiki abayizithulu nabaholi bezebhizinisi. Akekho, emhlabeni jikelele, obonakala sengathi usemsebenzini wokushaya emuva uCovid 19 nokuthatha izintambo okuzoholela ekusimeni, kubuyisela umnotho womhlaba emuva-ngokuphelele.

Abesifazane. Ngaphambili naphakathi

E-USA, abalindelwe ngamaphiko, ngabaholi bezwe abangahle babe khona, okubalwa kubo uKalanga Harris, Elizabeth Warren, Val Deming, noTami Duckworth. Esikhathini lapho umhlaba ulambele ubuholi, laba besifazane bafinywe ngomlomo, abakwazi ukuthola ukusakazwa kwabezindaba nokuxhaswa kwezezimali okudingekayo ukuletha imicabango nemibono yabo enkabeni yenkundla. Kuyishwa kithi sonke, ukuthi ucingo lwabo lokucacisa alunakwa.

Okukhulu Kungaba Ngcono

Singathemba, futhi sithandaze, futhi sikhiphe ivoti, ukuze - ekugcineni, ngoNovemba 2020, ubuholi obusha buzovula indlela eya esikhathini esizayo futhi, futhi, sizokwazi ukuhlangana nabangane ngeziphuzo nangesidlo sakusihlwa, sibe khona ukudalulwa komhlaba, ukubhukuda emachibini amahhotela, ukuthenga lapho kuthengiswa khona amasampula kanye nokuhlangana eminyuziyamu. Imibuthano yeMisa ngasikhathi sinye imihlaba ehamba phambili futhi imihlaba emibi kakhulu.

Okuyingxenye yesikhathi sethu samanje akufanele kuqede ukubaluleka kwemicimbi emikhulu. Okudingekayo ukuqonda kangcono ezokwelapha, ezenhlalo nezengqondo zezingqungquthela, izingqungquthela namakhonsathi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ibhalansi incishisiwe kusukela kokubi kakhulu kuya kokuhle kakhulu.

© UDkt Elinor Garely. Lo mbhalo we-copyright, ofaka nezithombe, awunakukhiqizwa kabusha ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliwe evela kumbhali.